scholarly journals Tracing Management and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Close Contacts in Cities Around Chengdu, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Jiali Deng ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Rong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Mode Isolation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Close Contacts

Introduction: Close contacts have become a potential threat to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of close contacts of confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19 in the surrounding cities of Chengdu, China, so as to provide a basis for the management strategy of close contacts.Methods: Close contacts were determined through epidemiological investigation of indicated cases, and relevant information was entered in the “Close Contact Information Management System.” Retrospective data of close contacts from January 22 to May 1, 2020 were collected and organized. Meanwhile, the contact mode, isolation mode, and medical outcome of close contacts were descriptively analyzed.Results: A total of 986 close contacts were effectively traced, with an average age of (36.69 ± 16.86) years old, who were mainly distributed in cities of eastern Chengdu. The frequency of contact was mainly occasional contact, 80.42% of them were relatives and public transportation personnel. Besides, the time of tracking close contacts and feedback was (10.64 ± 5.52) and (7.19 ± 6.11) days, respectively. A total of seven close contacts were converted to confirmed cases.Conclusions: Close contacts of COVID-19 have a risk of invisible infection. Early control of close contacts may be helpful to control the epidemic of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and contact tracing assessment of COVID-19 and potential risk of transmission at different exposure settings: A prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Shadat M Noman ◽  
Mohammed Rezaul Karim ◽  
ASM Zahed ◽  
ATM Rezaul Karim ◽  
Syed S Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Background: Transmission risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to close contacts and at different exposure settings are yet to be fully understood for the evaluation of effective control measures. Methods: We traced 1171 close contact cases who were linked to 291 index cases between July 3, 2020 and September 3, 2020. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of all index cases, close contacts, and secondary contact cases were collected and analyzed the secondary attack rate and risk of transmission at different exposure settings. Results: Median age of 291 index cases were 43.0 years (range 18.5-82.3) including 213 male and 78 females. Among all 1171 close contact cases, 39(3.3%) cases were identified as secondary infected cases. Among 39 secondary cases, 33(84.62%) cases were symptomatic and 3 (7.69%) cases were asymptomatic. Of the 33 symptomatic cases, 31(86.1%) male and 5(13.9%) female. Of these 36 symptomatic cases, 24(66.7%) cases between age 20-59 and remaining 12(33.3%) cases were age 60 and over. Of the 36 symptomatic cases, 11(30.6%) cases were identified as severe, 19(52.8%) as moderate and 6(16.7%) as mild. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 3.07% (95% CI 2.49-3.64). The attack rate was higher among those aged between 50 to 69 years and shows higher risk of transmission than age below 50 years. The attack rate was higher among household contact (6.17%(95%CI 4.7-7.6; risk ratio 2.44[95%CI1.5-3.4]), and lower in hospital facility (2.29%,95%CI0.58-3.40; [risk ratio 0.91,95%CI 0.17-1.9]), funeral ceremony (2.53%,95%CI 0.32-4.73), work places (3.95%,95% CI2.5-5.42 [risk ratio 1.56,95%CI 0.63-2.5]), family contacts (3.87%,95%CI 2.4-5.3; risk ratio 1.53,95%CI 0.61-2.45]). Conclusions: Among all exposure settings analyzed, household contact exposure setting remained the highest transmission probability and risk of transmission of COVID-19 with the increase of age and disease severity.

scholarly journals Development and utility of a close contact information management system for the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Long ◽  
Rong He ◽  
Shen Tian ◽  
Yefei Luo ◽  
Mengmeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Contact Information ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Background Since the outbreak started in 2019, COVID-19 pandemic has a significant global impact. Due to the highly infective nature of SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 close contacts are at significant risk of contracting COVID-19. China’s experience in successfully controlling COVID-19 emphasized the importance of managing close contacts because this strategy helps to limit potential infection sources, prevent the unconscious spread of COVID-19 and thus control this pandemic. As a result, to understand and consider the management of close contacts may be beneficial to other countries. However, managing close contacts is challenging owing to the huge number of close contacts and a lack of appropriate management tools and literature references. Methods A new system called the COVID-19 Close Contact Information Management System was developed. Here we introduced the design, use, improvement and achievements of this system. Results This system was designed from the standpoint of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in charge of managing close contacts. Two main functions and eight modules/themes were ultimately formed after two development stages. The system introduces what information need to be collected in the close contact management. Since the system allows information flow across cities, the geographical distance and administrative regional boundaries are no longer obstacles for managing close contacts, which promotes the management of each close contact. Moreover, when this system is used in conjunction with other data tools, it provides data assistance for understanding the COVID-19 characteristics and formulating targeted COVID-19 control policies. To date, the system has been widely used in Guangdong Province for over 1 year and has recorded tens of thousands of pieces of data. There is sufficient practical experience to suggest that the system is capable of meeting the professional work requirements for close contact management. Conclusions This system provides a new way to manage close contacts and restrict the spread of COVID-19 by combining information technology with disease prevention and control strategies in the realm of public health. We hope that this system will serve as an example and guide for those anticipating similar work in other countries in response to current and future public health incidents.

scholarly journals Transmission Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Among Close Contacts- Results of Case- Contact Tracing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimei Jia ◽  
Minhong CHen ◽  
Hanwei Wang ◽  
Chenping Guan ◽  
Yangwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Anal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Asymptomatic Case ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Background: The ongoing outbreak of corona virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is rapid escalation and global spread.The epidemiological characteristics and particularly its ability to spread in the human population of COVID-19 were uncertainty. We analyzed infection of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and close contacts in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, and to understand the risk of infection and morbidity in different exposure mode. Methods: We investigated cases and their close contacts by face-to –face or telephone interview and conducted laboratory test on nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs or anal swab for evidence of COVID-19 infection. Information on cases including the epidemiology, expose and laboratory were collected. Results: There were 72 patients of COVID-19 and 1 asymptomatic case were confirmed in Fuzhou. A total of 1159 close contacts were traced, the secondary infection rate (SIR) was 2.07% (24/1159), the median of interval was 12 days (rang 2-21 days). In the relationship between close contact and cases, the SIR of old people under care were the highest (28.57% ) than family members (5.52%), medical staff (3.23%), relatives (2.41%) and colleagues / classmates (1.67%), respectively( 2＝534.38， P＜0.00 ). Among the contact ways, the SIR of Nursing (nursing home) were the highest (28.57% ) than medical care (3.23%), family gathering (2.82%), same building (1.77%) and short talk or handle affairs (1.55%),respectively. The median of incubation period was 5days (rang1-12days). Conclusions: The COVID-19 has highly contagious. Timely and strict quarantine should be conducted for close contacts to reduce the possibility of community communication.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Sport-Related Concussion in Athletes of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S23.1-S23
Author(s):  
Carlos Pinheiro ◽  
Francisca Taciane Nascimento Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

ObjectiveTo evaluate the self-reported history of concussion in athletes of both Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and Muay Thai.BackgroundCombat sports are widely practiced around the world. They include modalities that involves punches or kicks directed at the opponent's head (Striking sports) or that consists of grabbing an opponent and taking him to the ground (Grappling sports). Due to the objectives and close contact in combat sports, the risk of concussion is significant.Design/MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving a Brazilian sample of BJJ athletes (n-18) and Muay Thai athletes (n-22). The sample was consisted of both professional and amateur athletes (Women constituted 20% of sample). Through individual interviews with a researcher the following data were collected: self-report of concussion and the moment of the injury (whether in practice or in the fight). The Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) was also applied. In the present study, a concussion was considered as a direct impact on the head followed by symptoms. This study was approved by a local Ethics Committee.ResultsAmong BJJ athletes, 61% reported a history of concussion, while among Muay Thai athletes the percentage was more higher (86%). The main mechanisms of head impact were the throw/takedown and elbow-hits to the head in BJJ and punches and knee-hits to the head in Muay Thai. There was no difference in the symptom score between BJJ and Muay Thai concussed athletes (average of 11 vs 10.7, respectively). The most common symptoms were dizziness, headache and nausea in BJJ athletes, and headache, nausea, drowsiness and brain fogginess in Muay Thai ones.ConclusionsThe results presented herein suggest that concussions in Muay Thai and BJJ occur through different mechanisms. The clinical profile of post-concussion symptoms appears to be different between BJJ and Muay Thai athletes.

scholarly journals MODEL BISNIS KAWASAN STRATEGIS PARIWISATA KOTA PALU SULAWESI TENGAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Syah
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Processing Zone ◽  
The City ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Palu city is the capital city of Central Sulawesi province bordering with Gorontalo Province. Indigenous people who inhabit the city of Palu is a community of Kaili tribe. Palu City was selected as a Special Economic Zone (KEK) for eastern Indonesia and consists of industrial zone, logistics zone and export processing zone. When viewed from the tourism business, there are several famous destinations such as Sibili Lake, Banua Mbaso, Hanging Bridge, Mosque 'Apung' Argam Bab Al Rahman, and Sis Al Jufrie.The method used by writer is qualitative with inductive data analysis. The results found that the city of Palu has shown passion in the field of tourism. Palu City presents a variety of new tourist destinations including natural attractions, culinary tours, and cultural tourism. For example Cars Tusuk Satay, Palu Bay, Four Palu Bridge, Solar Eclipse Monument, Nusantara Pavilion, and Palu Nomori Inscription. Then the tourists need to be given free space to satisfy the needs during a vacation. The business model implemented is that local people can entrepreneurship, gain profit, and create new jobs. Meanwhile, for the government through the Office of Culture and Tourism of Palu City is able to generate Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) in addition to taxes from culinary executed by local communities. To support, the Office of Culture and Tourism of Palu City can hold and coordinate with all the agencies in accordance with their respective work programs. As the development and development of houses to become homestay homes and home industry, the integration of public transportation fleet, and build the concept of Information Management System (SIM) Tourism via online to package the tourism potential of Palu City.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules for the Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Prospective Open-Label Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Gong ◽  
Boyun Yuan ◽  
Yadong Yuan ◽  
Fengju Li
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Medical Observation ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Close Contacts ◽  
Nucleic Acid Tests

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Community and close contact exposures continue to drive the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no confirmed effective treatment for suspected cases and close contacts. Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsules, a repurposed Chinese herbal product that is currently on the market, have proven effective for influenza and COVID-19. To determine the safety and efficacy of LH capsules for the prevention of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective open-label controlled trial of LH capsules on subjects who had close contact with people infected with COVID-19. Subjects received LH capsules (4 capsules, three times daily) or the usual medical observation for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of positive nucleic acid tests of nasal and pharyngeal swabs during the quarantine medical observation period. We included 1976 patients, including 1101 in the treatment group and 875 in the control group. The rate of positive nucleic acid tests in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.27% vs. 1.14%, respectively; mean difference: −0.87%; 95% CI: −1.83 to −0.13; p = 0.0174 ) during the quarantine medical observation period (14 days). Among subjects with different close contact states, there was no significant difference in the rate of positive nucleic acid test results among close contacts in the treatment group and the control group (6.45% vs. 11.43%, respectively; p = 0.6762 ). Among secondary close contacts, the rate of positive nucleic acid tests in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.09% vs. 0.71%, respectively; p = 0.0485 ). No serious adverse events were reported. Taken together, and in light of the safety and effectiveness profiles, these results show that LH capsules can be considered to prevent the progression of COVID-19 after close contact with an infected person. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2100043012.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin g (IgG) Kinetics in Healthcare Workers and Their Close Contacts Reduced Risk of Re-infection: South-East Asian Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mradul Kumar Daga ◽  
Govind Mawari ◽  
Vijay Kumar Karra ◽  
Meghachandra Singh ◽  
Siddharth Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for global pandemic, and it has caused more than 2.3 million deaths. Persistence and stability of immunoglobulin G (IgG) response after recovery from COVID-19 infection is still uncertain. MethodsWe performed a longitudinal cohort study in healthcare workers (HCW) and their close contacts (Non-HCW) with known resolved SARS-CoV-2 infection and undiagnosed infection at Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak hospital, New Delhi. Baseline IgG antibody titers was determined and the participants were followed over a period of six months. We also examined relationship between SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and new symptomatic infection in HCW and Non-HCW over time. Results176 (70.9%) healthcare workers and 72 (29.0%) non-healthcare workers were recruited from two cohorts. 82 subjects recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection and 166 undiagnosed for the infection having history of close contact with COVID-19 patients were followed up for a median of 227 days (interquartile range, 166 to 202) after a positive IgG antibody test. In the recovered subjects 70.7% (58) were seropositive for first anti-spike IgG assay at baseline, followed by 80.0%, 90.6% and 82.6% at three visits respectively. In undiagnosed subjects 37.3% (62) were seropositive at baseline, followed by 70.9%, 75.8% and 82.2% respectively. Also, 46.8% (29) were asymptomatic with no symptoms of COVID-19 and were seropositive at baseline. However, presence of IgG antibodies was associated with substantial reduced risk of re-infection over the follow up duration.ConclusionOur data showed that the antibodies levels measured increased over the first three months and decreased slightly after that and remained at a plateau and relatively stable for at least a period of six months.

scholarly journals Colonisation with toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in a Scottish burns patient, June 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Deshpande ◽  
Teresa Inkster ◽  
Kate Hamilton ◽  
David Litt ◽  
Norman Fry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Close Contacts

On 12 June 2015, Corynebacterium diphtheriae was identified in a skin swab from a burns patient in Scotland. The isolate was confirmed to be genotypically and phenotypically toxigenic. Multilocus sequence typing of three patient isolates yielded sequence type ST 125. The patient was clinically well. We summarise findings of this case, and results of close contact identification and screening: 12 family and close contacts and 32 hospital staff have been found negative for C. diphtheriae.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics and the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the COVID-19 outbreak resurged in Beijing, China: a descriptive and modelling study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e047227
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Cui ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Yuhao Zhou ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Runze Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
The People ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analyses ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
Modelling Study

ObjectiveTo evaluate epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak resurged in Beijing and to assess the effects of three non-pharmaceutical interventions.DesignDescriptive and modelling study based on surveillance data of COVID-19 in Beijing.SettingOutbreak in Beijing.ParticipantsThe database included 335 confirmed cases of COVID-19.MethodsTo conduct spatiotemporal analyses of the outbreak, we collected individual records on laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from 11 June 2020 to 5 July 2020 in Beijing, and visitor flow and products transportation data of Xinfadi Wholesale Market. We also built a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-removed model to investigate the effect of interventions deployed in Beijing.ResultsWe found that the staff working in the market (52.2%) and the people around 10 km to this epicentre (72.5%) were most affected, and the population mobility entering-exiting Xinfadi Wholesale Market significantly contributed to the spread of COVID-19 (p=0.021), but goods flow of the market had little impact on the virus spread (p=0.184). The prompt identification of Xinfadi Wholesale Market as the infection source could have avoided a total of 25 708 (95% CI 13 657 to 40 625) cases if unnoticed transmission lasted for a month. Based on the model, we found that active screening on targeted population by nucleic acid testing alone had the most significant effect.ConclusionsThe non-pharmaceutical interventions deployed in Beijing, including localised lockdown, close-contact tracing and community-based testing, were proved to be effective enough to contain the outbreak. Beijing has achieved an optimal balance between epidemic containment and economic protection.

scholarly journals Developing a Building Fire Information Management System Based on 3D Object Visualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung ◽  
Cha ◽  
Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Fire Information

In a building fire disaster, a variety of information on hazardous factors is crucial for emergency responders, facility managers, and rescue teams. Inadequate information management limits the accuracy and speed of fire rescue activities. Furthermore, a poor decision-making process, which is solely dependent on the experiences of emergency responders, negatively affects the fire response activities. Building information modeling (BIM) enables the sharing of locations of critical elements and key information necessary for effective decision-making on disaster prevention. However, it is non-trivial to integrate and link the relevant information generated during the life cycle of the building. In particular, the information requirements for building fires should be retrieved in the BIM software because most of them have spatial characteristics. This paper proposes a prototype system for a building’s fire information management using three-dimensional (3D) visualization by deriving the relevant information required for mitigating building fire disasters. The proposed system (i.e., Building Fire Information Management System (BFIMS)) automatically provides reliable fire-related information through a computerized and systematic approach in conjunction with a BIM tool. It enables emergency responders to intuitively identify the location data of indoor facilities with its pertinent information based on 3D objects. Through scenario-based applications, the system has effectively demonstrated that it has contributed to an improvement of rapid access to relevant information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document