scholarly journals Exploring of the Potential of Parthenium Weed Ash as Substitute for Commercial Alkali for Preparation of Laundry Soap: As a Means to Control Invasion of Parthenium

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legesse Adane ◽  
Tesfaye Gelaye ◽  
Tegene Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Laundry Soap ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Parthenium Weed ◽  
Cooking Oils

Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) weed is a noxious plant which inhabits many parts of the world. It is responsible for rapid environmental pollution causing a reduction in crop productivity by infesting farm lands and grazing lands. It also causes severe human and animal health problems. The aim of this study was assessing the potential of parthenium weed ash as a substitute for commercial alkali for the preparation of soap. Alkali solution was prepared from partheniun weed ash. Tests on its alkalinity properties revealed that the lye can be used for soap making. Similarly, the tests on physicochemical properties of the collected used cooking oil samples were found to be 141.0 ± 0.4–153.8 ± 0.33 mg KOH/g, 11.28 ± 0.5–14.1 ± 0.5 mg KOH/g, and 0.16 ± 0.2–0.19 ± 0.25 milieq/g for saponification value, acid value, and peroxide value, respectively. The data indicated that both the prepared lye solution and the collected used cooking oils would be suitable for soap preparation. Moreover, analyses of the moisture content, total alkali content, total fatty matter, the pH value, and chloride content of the prepared soap materials were found to be in the ranges of 10.5 ± 0.01–13 ± 0.01, 0.39 ± 0.01–1.63 ± 0.05%, 64.5 ± 0.16–76.4 ± 0.15%, 10.5 ± 0.03–10.63 ± 0.04, and 0.39 ± 0.2–0.45 ± 0.39%, respectively. The finding of the present study, is that it is possible to conclude that the Parthenium weed ash (or lye solution from this ash) and leftovers of used cooking oils can be used as cost-effective substitutes for commercial alkali solution and palm oil, respectively, for laundry soap preparation of acceptable grades. The finding also suggests that preparation of lye solution from parthenium weed ash can be used as an option for controlling the pollution of this invasive weed.

scholarly journals Sewage Quality Assessment of Various Places in Bilaspur City

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
And Behavior

The quantity, strength and type of sewage depends upon the population, Life style of people and the existence of different types of industries respectively and the amount of treatment required to be given to sewage depends very much upon the source of disposal. In Bilaspur the source of disposal of municipal as well as industrial waste water is Arpa River (Non perennial) which is known as life line of Bilaspur city. The climatic change has already turned the perennial Arpa River into non Perennial River and at this time the Urbanization, Industrial growth and improved standard of living of people of Bilaspur have increased the strength and quantity of sewage in recent years to a point where dilution alone can no longer be relied upon to prevent the undesirable effect of pollution. Hence it is absolutely necessary to study the characteristics and behavior of sewage, to ensure its safe disposal. This study will help us in determining the degree and type of treatment required to a given sewage according to its characteristics and thus to avoid the pollution of the source of its disposal i.e. Arpa river so that the adverse effect of pollution on human health, aquatic life, animals and plants can be eliminated. For the present study we have selected 4 places in Bilaspur City for collection of sewage hence Sample 1 was collected at Vasant Vihar S.E.C.L. Colony, The sample 2 was collected from M/S Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd. Sirgitti, The sample 3 was collected at Pachrighat drain. The sample 4 was collected from Nalla near Bannak Chowk Sirgitti. The Chemical tests namely Suspended Solids, Dissolved Solids, Chloride Content, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Physical tests namely pH value, Temperature, Threshold Odour Number (TON) had been performed and the tests results were compared with Indian standards permissible limits. Priority of this journal is to provide our important and valuable information to all people who show interest. The test results indicated that the Sample-1Vasant Vihar is less polluted, Sample-2 Narmada Drinks only requires neutralization of Chloride Content, Sample-3 Pachrighat was polluted and required treatment in summer season for reducing Solids whereas Sample-4 Bannak Nalla was highly polluted and required throughout treatment of higher degree. Out of the four samples the Sample-4 (Nalla near Bannak Chowk) was found to be most polluted sample in terms of Suspended solids, Chloride content, C.O.D., B.O.D. & T.O.N. and the drain containing this sample is being used by local public and is being discharged untreated into Arpa River. This Wastewater must be treated to prevent the Environment and the water bodies.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Limbah Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Sabun Padat

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Anita Anita ◽  
Fatmawati Muharram ◽  
Dewi Arisanti ◽  
Darmaway Rauf ◽  
Suardi Suardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Laundry Soap ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Laboratory Technology

Used cooking oil contains compounds that are carcinogenic which pose a risk to human health. Waste cooking oil is also at risk for areas where used cooking oil is disposed, for example into sewers or into the ground. This can contaminate soil and water, thereby endangering humans or the surrounding environment. Therefore, serious action is needed on the use of used cooking oil waste so that it can be utilized optimally as a staple in the soap processing process. Through community service activities which are one of the implementations of the Tridharma of Politeknik Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Makassar Study Program of Medical Laboratory Technology, then education is carried out in the form of counseling to the taklim assembly team at the Al-Hidayah Perumnas Antang Makassar Mosque regarding the use of used cooking oil into solid laundry soap. From this community service activity, it can be concluded that the knowledge of the taklim team at the Al-Hidayah Mosque in Manggala Village, Manggala District, Makassar City regarding the dangers of used cooking oil waste for health and how to process used cooking oil into solid  soap.

scholarly journals A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5161
Author(s):  
Maria Kurańska ◽  
Elżbieta Malewska ◽  
Krzysztof Polaczek ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Joanna Kubacka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
New Era ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Cooking Oils

In order to create greener polyurethane (PUR) foams, modified used cooking oils (UCO) were applied as starting resources for the synthesis of bio-polyols. The bio-polyols were produced using transesterification of UCO with diethylene glycol (UCO_DEG) and triethanolamine (UCO_TEA). Next, open-cell PUR foams were synthesized by replacing 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the petrochemical polyol with the bio-polyol UCO_DEG or UCO_TEA. It was observed that an increasing bio-polyol content (up to 60%) led to an increase of the closed cell content. However, a further increase in the bio-polyol content up to 100% resulted in foam cell opening. The bio-foams obtained in the experiment had an apparent density of 13–18 kg/m3. The coefficient of thermal conductivity was determined at three different average temperatures: 10, 0 and −10 °C. The PUR bio-foams modified with bio-polyol UCO_TEA had lower values of thermal conductivity, regardless of the average temperature (35.99–39.57 mW/m·K) than the foams modified with bio-polyol UCO_DEG (36.95–43.78 mW/m·K). The compressive strength of most of the bio-foams was characterized by a higher value than the compressive strength of the reference material (without bio-polyol). Finally, it was observed that the bio-materials exhibited dimensional stability at 70 °C.

scholarly journals Managing an Invasive Weed Species, Parthenium hysterophorus, with Suppressive Plant Species in Australian Grasslands

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1587
Author(s):  
Amalia Belgeri ◽  
Ali Ahsan Bajwa ◽  
Asad Shabbir ◽  
Sheldon Navie ◽  
Gabrielle Vivian-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Parthenium Weed ◽  
Total Diversity

Parthenium weed has been invading native and managed Australian grasslands for almost 40 years. This study quantified the potential of selected plant mixtures to suppress the growth of parthenium weed and followed their response to grazing and their impact upon plant community diversity. The first mixture consisted of predominantly introduced species including Rhodes grass, Bisset bluegrass, butterfly pea and green panic. This mixture produced biomass rapidly and showed tolerance to weed species other than parthenium weed. However, the mixture was unable to suppress the growth of parthenium weed. The second mixture of predominantly native pasture species (including forest bluegrass, Queensland bluegrass, Buffel grass and siratro) produced biomass relatively slowly, but eventually reached the same biomass production as the first mixture 12 weeks after planting. This mixture suppressed parthenium weed re-establishment by 78% compared to the control treatment. Its tolerance to the invasion of other weed species and the maintenance of forage species evenness was also superior. The total diversity was five times higher for the mixture communities as compared to the plant community in the control treatment. Therefore, using the suppressive pasture mixtures may provide an improved sustainable management approach for parthenium weed in grasslands.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis and Microbial Diversity of Yamuna Water and Industrial Effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Gupta ◽  
Monika Asthana ◽  
Avnish Kumar ◽  
Siddhartha Barun
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Standard Values

Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents.  pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly  acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 199-205 

scholarly journals Chloride content and pH value in the pore solution of concrete under carbonation

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-mei Wan ◽  
Folker H. Wittmann ◽  
Tie-jun Zhao ◽  
Hong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Pore Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chloride Content

Rhombohedral twisted crystalloids found in the cytoplasm of nuclear-polyhedrosis-infected larvae of the ugly-nest caterpillar

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Archips Cerasivoranus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

Rhombohedral crystalloids were found in the cytoplasm of cells of virus-infected larvae of Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch). These crystalloids are composed of proteins, dissolve at the same pH value as the polyhedra, and melt at the polyhedra melting temperature. Crystalloids change their shape in an alkali solution or when heated.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF PARTHENIUM WEED USING METABOLITES OF Alternaria japonica

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JAVAID ◽  
T MUBEEN ◽  
U BASHIR ◽  
A SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Parthenium Weed

ABSTRACT Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) is an alien invasive weed infesting many parts of the world including Pakistan. A number of herbicides have been recommended for control of this weed, but these herbicides have issues regarding human health and environmental safety. In the current study, the herbicidal potential of culture filtrates of a fungal species, namely Alternaria japonica, was evaluated against parthenium weed. The fungal species was grown in malt extract broth (MEB) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 15 days. Culture filtrates were obtained by passing the materials through muslin cloth followed by filtration through filter paper and then through Millipore filter paper. In laboratory bioassays, the effect of original (X) and diluted (1/2X) filtrates was studied on seed germination, and shoot and root growth of parthenium. In general, fungal culture filtrates prepared in either of the two growth medium significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of parthenium. However, culture filtrates prepared in potato dextrose broth showed greater herbicidal activity than those prepared in malt extract broth. Foliar spray bioassays were carried out by using culture filtrates of A. japonica prepared in potato dextrose broth. In this experiment, 1-, 2- and 3 week old parthenium seedlings were sprayed 4 times with original (X) and concentrated (2X) fungal culture filtrates, with intervals of 4 days. In general, 1 week old parthenium seedlings were highly susceptible to foliar spray of fungal metabolites. The present study concludes that culture filtrates of A. japonica prepared in potato dextrose broth contain potent herbicidal constituents for management of parthenium.

scholarly journals Assessment of Influencing Factors on the Spatial Variability of SOM in the Red Beds of the Nanxiong Basin of China, Using GIS and Geo-Statistical Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Ping Yan ◽  
Kairong Lin ◽  
Yiren Wang ◽  
Xinjun Tu ◽  
Chunmei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Parameters

Understanding the spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for implementing precise land degradation control and fertilization to improve crop productivity. Studying spatial variability provides a scientific basis for precision fertilization and land degradation control. In this study, geostatistics and classical statistical methods were used to analyze the spatial variability of SOM and its influencing factors under various degrees of land degradation in the red bed area of southern China. The results demonstrate a declining trend for SOM content with increasing land degradation. The SOM content differs profoundly under different land degradation degrees. The coefficient of variation ranges from 13.61% for extreme land degradation to 8.98% for mild land degradation, 7.96% for moderate land degradation, and 5.64% for severe land degradation. A significant positive correlation is displayed between the altitude and the SOM (p < 0.01) under mild and moderate land degradation conditions. Bulk density and pH value have a significant negative correlation with SOM (p < 0.01). It can be observed that terrain factors, as well as physical and chemical soil parameters, have a great influence on SOM.

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