scholarly journals Why Do We Need Maths in Medicine?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Cockcroft ◽  
Mariam Saigar ◽  
Andrew Dawkins ◽  
Catrin S. Rutland
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Patient Understanding ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Nurse Midwife ◽  
Medical Scientist ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Informed Patient

Maths is a crucial part of medicine. All the graphs, equations, statistics, and general maths we learn at school help us to understand important aspects of human and veterinary medicine, biology, and science in general. People always think that biology and chemistry are important for doctors, nurses, midwives, scientists, and all the other people involved in medicine and healthcare-related jobs, but in fact maths is also vital. So, whether you are thinking of becoming a doctor, hoping to invent medical technologies, or just wishing to understand treatments you get as a patient, understanding the maths behind medicine is crucial. This article explores how we check whether someone has a disease such as coronavirus or heart disease, how we predict and measure how many people will be affected by various diseases, and how maths is used to treat patients and prevent the spread of contagious diseases. While people are generally aware that sciences like biology and chemistry are important for jobs in the medical field, many may not realize that maths is also vital for most of these jobs. This article looks at some of the ways we use maths in medicine. If you want to become a doctor, veterinary surgeon, nurse, midwife, medical scientist, or to have any job related to healing people and animals, or even if you just want to be an informed patient, knowledge of maths is quite important!

scholarly journals A review of Nadi Parikshan in various Ayurvedic Samhita with its clinical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Babaso Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Time Region

Nadi Pariksha is the most effective diagnostic tool known in the medical field. It is cost effective,  accurate,  safe,  and gives quick results. We can conduct Nadi Pariksha on healthy individuals as well as all patients irrespective of stage of the disease also,  and even pregnant woman,  children,  elderly can undergo without any harm or side effects. However,  this technique is not being widely practised at present,  because of lack of training,  practise and knowledge about it in the present day among Ayurveda vaidyas. An iconic factor for identification of a physician,  irrespective of the time,  Region,  Nadi Pariksha can be highlighted as a common factor or even System of Medicine or Civilization of the known world. Thus,  we can perceive that Nadi Pariksha or the pulse examination remains as an effective diagnostic tool since ages. Nadi Pariksha was not been discussed among the Brihatrayees of Ayurveda. Acharya Sharangdhara was the first to document in the doctrines of Ayurveda. Thus Acharya Sharangdhara is considered as ‘The Founder of Nadi Pariksha’in Ayurveda. Nadi Pariksha was titled under the Pancha-Nidana by Acharya Sharangdhara and Ashta Sthana Pariksha by Acharya Yogaratnakara. It was the Foremost among all the other diagnostic tools mentioned by him. Later Acharyas like Acharya Bhava Mishra,  Acharya Yogaratnakara,  Acharya Basavaraja,  Acharya Kanada Maharishi,  and Acharya Ravana have contributed in giving more descriptions and importance. In the recent days Dr. Vasant lad and Dr. Sarvadeva Upadhaya’s research work interest and scope of Nadi Pariksha.

Merchants of Fortune: Negotiating Spanish Neutrality in the American War of Independence

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Anna Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Fine Line ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
War Aims ◽  
Economic Warfare ◽  
Bilateral Treaties ◽  
Crucial Part

Economic warfare, in the form of commerce predation, was a crucial part of Britain's strategy in the West Indies during the American War of Independence. The rebels relied on a flow of goods provided by Spanish, French, Dutch and British merchants which British warships and privateers tried to stem. Britain's peaceful relations with the other three powers in the region depended greatly on being perceived to justly conduct economic warfare without breaking maritime law or bilateral treaties. British strategy during the war, therefore, was a fine line between crippling the rebels through aggressive commerce predation without giving cause for grievance to the other regional powers. The war opened several commercial opportunities in the form of smuggling and privateering. Merchants intentionally blurred the boundaries between enemies and allies to suit a given commercial venture. These blurred boundaries in the Americas were problematic for British ministers and Admiralty officials entrusted with prosecuting the war. Maritime treaties and international law were constantly reinterpreted in an attempt to avoid ruptures with other colonial powers, achieve Britain's war aims, and lend credence to British policy.

Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps Humanitarian Mission for Kosovo's Refugees

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Amital ◽  
Michael L Alkan ◽  
Jakov Adler ◽  
Iyzhak Kriess ◽  
Yehezkel Levi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Humanitarian Mission ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
Set Up

AbstractIn April 1999, during the crisis in Kosovo, the Israeli government launched a medical, field hospital in order to provide humanitarian aid to the Albanian refugees that fled from their homes in Kosovo. This facility was set up by the Medical Corps of the Israeli Defense Forces, in a refugee camp located in Northern Macedonia. During the 16 days during which the hospital functioned, the medical staff treated 1,560 patients and hospitalized >100. The field hospital served as a referral center for all of the other primary clinics that were hastily erected in the camp and its surroundings. This communication elaborates on the various aspects of the humanitarian medical aid that were provided by this medical facility and the conclusions that learned from such a mission.

scholarly journals Mortality and causes of death in Helsinki in 1750-1865 with a comparison with Tallin

1997 ◽  
pp. 47-70
Author(s):  
Oiva Turpeinen
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

Between 1750 and 1865 the population of Helsinki grew from around 1,500 inhabitants to 23,500 inhabitants. Part of this growth is explained by general population growth, typical of both Finland and the rest of Europe. The fact that Helsinki grew more rapidly compared to the other towns of Finland was due to two additional factors with underlying political causes: one was the building of the fortress of Viapori alongside the town at the end of the 1700s and the other Helsinki’s becoming the capital of autonomous Finland in 1812. This latter decision moved the administrative and in part the economic focal point of Finland from Turku to Helsinki. The population growth of Helsinki was not the result of an excess of births over deaths, instead it was caused by migration gain. High mortality, again, was linked to the impact of contagious diseases. Intestinal diseases which spread among children by means of food substances raised infant mortality, in particular, but there were also many other diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, and scarlet fever) which carried many small children to their grave. Cholera, which spread to Helsinki repeatedly in the 1800s, killed many of Helsinki’s inhabitants, but nevertheless cholera’s significance has been greatly exaggerated. The most important single killer of the adult population was tuberculosis, but in addition many other diseases, such as typhoid, spotted fever and dysentery, and in part venereal diseases, markedly raised the mortality statistics of Helsinki. When comparing the remarkably great rises and declines in the annual mortality figures of Helsinki and Tallinn, one notes how very much they coincide. This demonstrates the active contacts existing between the two towns. As a result of the diversity of economic and cultural relations, contagious diseases spread and evolved into epidemics, which rose to great heights in the capitals of both countries, from where they spread to the adjacent regions and other towns. The roads of contagion of Tallinn and Helsinki were partly connected to St. Petersburg, which especially in the 1800s grew into a metropolis even on a European scale. St. Petersburg had extensive international contacts, which facilitated the spread of diseases to rather remote Northern Europe.

On the Admission of Idiotic and Imbecile Children into Lunatic Asylums

1886 ◽  
Vol 32 (138) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old People ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Lunatic Asylums

The separate grouping of divers diseases in hospitals for their better treatment is a constant accompaniment of progress in medicine. Medical complaints have been separated from surgical ones; contagious diseases have been isolated from non-contagious diseases, and from one another; acute cases have been separated from chronic ones; those under medical treatment from those simply convalescent. But of late years, in the domain of mental science, so far from the separation of different groups becoming more and more definite, it might be held with some plausibility that for years back the tendency has been the other way. The asylum is becoming more and more an infirmary, a place for stowing away all the wreckage of our social system, all the flotsam and jetsam of disease and misfortune—a place where is thrown together everything in human nature troublesome and unsightly. Eccentric and dotard old people, deserted children whose feeble mental faculties made unusual demands upon the care of the poor-house matron, helpless paralytics, and many of the miscellaneous cases where bodily disease has brought with it mental feebleness, are all shoved into the District Asylum, to be kept till death walks them off.

scholarly journals Validation of a questionnaire measuring patient knowledge of atrial fibrillation in an Asian cohort

Heart Asia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e011143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hoe ◽  
Wanyun Lin ◽  
Mary Ann Cruz Bautista ◽  
Hubertus Johannes Maria Vrijhoef ◽  
Toon Wei Lim
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Patient Understanding ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Disease Specific

BackgroundPoor patient understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) may contribute to underuse of anticoagulation. There are no validated instruments to measure patient knowledge in Asian cohorts. This study aims to validate a disease-specific questionnaire measuring the level of understanding of AF and its treatment among patients with AF in Singapore.MethodsA 10-item interviewer-administered questionnaire was created based on previously published questionnaires. Face and content validity were assessed. 165 participants were identified by convenience sampling at cardiology clinics of a tertiary hospital. The questionnaire was administered in either English (n = 53) or Mandarin (n = 112). Exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal component method. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.ResultsFace validity was tested by surveying 10 cardiologists who could all identify what the questionnaire was designed to measure. Mean content validity ratio across items was 0.9. Participants were 68.7 (SD 10.5) years old. 55.8% were male. 95.2% were on oral anticoagulation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was 0.67 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p < 0.01). Four factors were retained based on the eigenvalue > 1. These were knowledge of the following: disease characteristics, disease-specific treatment, role of treatment in symptom management and treatment mechanisms. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71).ConclusionsA questionnaire on the knowledge of AF and its treatment was validated in a cohort of Asian patients in English and Mandarin. It allows quantification of patient knowledge and may be useful in Asian populations to assess the efficacy of interventions to improve patient understanding of AF.

Bio-distribution of Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Mass and Different Organs in Implanted Mice with Mammary Adenocarcinoma AM3 (in vivo study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Sumaiah I Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mammary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Kidney Liver

Nanoparticles has many properties, especially in treatment of medical field, but the controversy continues about their cytotoxicity. Hence, this research was conducted to estimate the concentration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in tumor and other organs such as kidney, liver, and spleen after injection GNPs by two routes, intratumor and intraperitoneal to compare between two methods in mice implanted with mammary adenocarcinoma for 28 days. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used to measure the GNPs concentrations. The results revealed that the GNPs concentrations were significantly (P≤0.05) increased (3.75±1.75, 2.42 ±0.31 ppm) in kidney tissue after intratumor and intraperitoneal administration, respectively, when compared to the other organs (liver and spleen), followed by tumor mass (2.66±0.01, 1.09 ±0.06 ppm) in tissue. While the concentrations of GNPs in spleen and liver were (1.40 ±0.33, 0.726 ±0.01) and (0.602 ±0.03, 0.517 ±0.02) after intratumor and intraperitoneal administration respectively. Also, the experiment showed that the injection by intratumor was more efficient than intraperitonial method for tumor treatment, so, the nanoparticles were cleared by responsible lymphoid organs of body.

Technology to Monitor and Enhance the Performance of a Tennis Player

2011 ◽  
pp. 101-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Ahmadi ◽  
David D. Rowlands ◽  
Daniel A. James
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Player ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Crucial Part

Tennis is a popular game played and viewed by millions of people around the world. There is a large impetus for players to improve their game and technology is becoming an important tool in doing this. This chapter discusses the current technology used in tennis and also discusses the biomechanics of the various strokes, so that the application of the technology can be better understood. Since the serve is a crucial part of a player’s game, this chapter focuses on the serve, but still discusses the other tennisstrokes. The chapter is divided into 2 parts: the biomechanics of the strokes and the technology used to monitor tennis. The technology section details some of the major tools to monitor and analyze the tennis swing, including high speed digital cameras, marker-based optical systems, and inertial sensors. Examples are provided of how these technologies can be applied. Finally, a small discussion is presented, which gives an idea of future directions in tennis monitoring.

scholarly journals Challenges of Hungarian high education in Ukraine

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Victoria Ferenc
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
The Given ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
State Language

Hungarians in Ukraine have a well organized educational system that covers institutions from the kindergarten to the university. At first glance it may look like that the maintenance of the Transcarpathian Hungarians in Ukraine is guaranteed, however, we have to see that minority education (which is one of the key-issue of the maintenance of the community) is threatened by several factors. In the given paper I will take under investigation only two of these factors. On the one hand the Ukrainian state language policy would like to strengthen the position of the state language even at the expense of other languages and education is used as a means of achieving these aims. On the other hand, while education is one of the effective and powerful means of achieving social goals of the minority and choosing the language of instruction is a crucial part of language education policy, minority universities neglect serious language planning activity. It is high time forevery institute to work out an individual university language policytaking into account their own aims and personal conditions.

Energy consumption in South African industry: A decomposition analysis using the LMDI approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oludolapo A Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
South African ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Industrial Energy Consumption ◽  
Crucial Part

Improving efficiency levels of energy consumption needs the appreciation of previous trends in the consumption of energy and the assessment of factors that have contributed to the changes in energy consumption. This study assessed the South African industrial energy consumption from 1970/1971 to 2015/2016. During 2015/2016, the industrial energy consumption increased by 794.39%. In addition, the decomposition analyses proved that the activity effect played a crucial part in the country’s industrial energy consumption increase. The results clearly showed that saving techniques and industrial policies have not impacted on the country’s industrial energy. In achieving energy conservation, it is important to enforce the policies formulated should the policies have not been well implemented. On the other hand, should formulated policies be implemented, then there is a need for revision of the existing policies.

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