scholarly journals Automated Diagnostics: Advances in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Humans and Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Valéria Inácio ◽  
Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Alexandre Xavier Falcão ◽  
Bianca Martins dos Santos ◽  
Felipe Augusto Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Image Database ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Robust Image

The increasingly close proximity between people and animals is of great concern for public health, given the risk of exposure to infectious diseases transmitted through animals, which are carriers of more than 60 zoonotic agents. These diseases, which are included in the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases, cause losses in countries with tropical and subtropical climates, and in regions with temperate climates. Indeed, they affect more than a billion people around the world, a large proportion of which are infected by one or more parasitic helminths, causing annual losses of billions of dollars. Several studies are being conducted in search for differentiated, more sensitive diagnostics with fewer errors. These studies, which involve the automated examination of intestinal parasites, still face challenges that must be overcome in order to ensure the proper identification of parasites. This includes a protocol that allows for elimination of most of the debris in samples, satisfactory staining of parasite structures, and a robust image database. Our objective here is therefore to offer a critical description of the techniques currently in use for the automated diagnosis of intestinal parasites in fecal samples, as well as advances in these techniques.

Intestinal Parasites In Children of Cochabamba – Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Camacho Alvarez ◽  
Philippe Goyens ◽  
Frédérique Jacobs ◽  
J. Marcela Luizaga López
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Tropical Areas

Abstract Background: A high percentage of the population in Latin America lives with intestinal parasitic infections, neglected tropical diseases frequently not treated. Intestinal parasitism is associated with nutritional diseases but the information about the epidemiological situation in countries like Bolivia is scarce. Environmental conditions play an important role in the prevalence of certain parasites. The main objective was to know the current situation of parasitic infections among children under twelve years old from different geographical areas of the department of Cochabamba – Bolivia. Methods: We analysed the laboratory reports of four second-line hospitals of different areas and the Tertiary Care Hospital. Results of stool examinations performed between 2011 and 2015 in children under twelve years of age were collected. Results: We gathered the results of 23221 examinations. The 89 % of children were less than five years old. Pathogenic parasites were found in 31 %. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the two most prevalent parasites in all areas. Helminths were found in only 19% of positive samples and Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent. Parasitic infections are more frequent in tropical area and helminths are highly concentrated in this area. Discussion and Conclusions: Parasitic infections in children are still very prevalent in Bolivia. Protozoan infections are the major problem while the prevalence of helminths seems to be decreasing. The most vulnerable population is still concentrated in tropical areas where the risk of parasitic infection is probably increased due to the environmental conditions. Our results will enable the planning of more efficient policies to control parasitic diseases.

What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
S. Viesy ◽  
J. Abdi ◽  
Z. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Animaw ◽  
Addisu Melese ◽  
Habtamu Demelash ◽  
Girma Seyoum ◽  
Abiy Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are public health problems widely distributed in the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality; many of which occur among women of reproductive age. IPIs caused by helminthes and protozoan parasites are common among pregnant women. Data on the national pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors during pregnancy is not documented well in Ethiopia. This review aims at summarizing evidences on the burden of IPIs and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods Published and unpublished studies were thoroughly searched at MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. In addition, repositories of Addis Ababa, Gondar and Jimma Universities were searched. Eligible studies were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and summary odds ratios (ORs) were determined with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Sub-groups analyses were done based on study region, types of parasites, methods of stool examination and study setting. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software. Results Among 168 retrieved studies, 31 studies with a total population of 12,118 pregnant women were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 27.32 % (95 % CI: 20.61, 33.87 %). In the subgroup analysis, Oromia and Amhara regions had the highest prevalence with a 29.78 % (95 % CI: 15.97, 43.60) and 29.63 % (95 % CI: 15.37, 43.89); respectively. In addition, studies conducted in the community showed higher prevalence than institution based studies (49.93 % Vs 24.84 %; respectively). The most prevalent type of intestinal parasite identified were Hookworm followed by Ascaris lumbricoides with a pooled prevalence of 11.2 and 10.34 %, respectively. In our analysis; residence, being bare footed, lack of hand washing habit and eating uncooked/raw vegetables were significantly associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Conclusions Prevalence of IPIs during pregnancy is relatively high in Ethiopia. Poor hygienic practices were identified as risk factors. Based on our finding, targeted preventive measures shall be considered so as to prevent morbidity and mortality due to IPIs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azan A. Nyundo ◽  
David Z. Munisi ◽  
Ainory P. Gesase
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples

Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance atpvalue < 0.05.Results.Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay.Conclusion. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections.

scholarly journals Human Intestinal Parasites: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Grade School Children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kefale Shiferaw ◽  
Teklemichael Tesfay ◽  
Girmay Kalayu ◽  
Gebrehiwot Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Grade School ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in grade school children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 155 (40.4%). Among these, Ascaris lumbricoides 122 (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica 18 (4.7%) were predominant. Of the total 155 (40.4%) positive individuals, 149 (39%) had a single infection and the rest 6 (1.6%) had double parasitic infections. Of the different variables assessed, age, gender, shoe wearing, and eating raw or undercooked vegetables were not significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites ( P > 0.05 ). However, a statistically significant association ( P < 0.05 ) was observed between infected children and variables including defecation habit (AOR = 0.216), cleanliness of fingernails (AOR = 0.146), drinking river water (AOR = 0.124), and hand washing habit after defecation (AOR = 0.236) ( P < 0.05 ). Regular deworming, education on personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation to both students and their parents shall be implemented to reduce the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections in the study area.

scholarly journals National State Survey to identify the presence of intestinal parasitic infections of mixed randomized patients as prevention who attended the IMSS laboratory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Arcelia González-García ◽  
Claudia Hernández-Salas ◽  
Rosa Maria Martínez-Ortiz ◽  
Lilia González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Nowadays in our state, intestinal parasitic diseases are still endemic, with a greater frequency in rural and mountainous urban areas. After the years have elapsed since the last national survey, it was necessary to carry out a new survey to know the prevalence rates of intestinal parasitosis and to compare the results obtained between both studies. Such knowledge would be of great value in developing health strategies and designing intestinal parasitic infection control programs. Objective: to determine the current prevalence rates of intestinal parasites, to compare the results with those of the survey obtained. Methods: a random cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during the months of December 2018 to March 2019 in a random sample of both sexes from the population of urban communities and the province of Zacatecas, Zac. Each one had a stool sample collected that was analyzed by the direct examination method, the Willis concentration technique, and the Kato-Katz examination; A questionnaire was also applied to them. Results: when comparing the results of the national and state surveys of intestinal parasitic infections carried out in 2009 and 2018, it was found that, in general, infections by parasites decreased, both helminths and pathogenic protozoa, although those infected with commensals increased their frequency in that of 2019. There was also a decrease in the frequency of infections by all species of soil-transmitted helminths, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostomideos, and Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as by the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolitica. Conclusions: when comparing the results of national and state surveys of intestinal parasite infections carried out in 2018 and 2019, it was found that in general the frequencies of infections with intestinal parasites decreased. The finding in both studies of a higher frequency of infection with parasites or commensals in the group aged 5 to 14 years (school age), supports the recommendation to place emphasis on control programs for intestinal parasites in this age group.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and their Association with Nutritional Status of Rural and Urban Pre-School Children in Benue State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Kpurkpur Tyoalumun, MSc ◽  
Sani Sani Abubakar, MSc ◽  
Nongu Christopher, MLT
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Z Scores

Background and Objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are highly prevalent in developing countries, contributing to high incidence of malnutrition and morbidity. This study aimed to fi nd the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their association with nutritional status of children in Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from January-June 2016, among 418 school children under-5 years of age. Anthropometric data, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age Z-scores from each child and fecal samples were collected and screened for intestinal parasites using standard laboratory methods. Results: Among the intestinal parasitic infections detected, the prevalence of E. histolytica was higher (51.0% and 29.0%) than all other parasites encountered in rural and urban pupils (P<0.05). Other parasites were Hookworm (46.2% and 24.8%); G. lamblia (11.5% and 8.6%); and T. trichiura (2.4% and 5.2%). The prevalence of stunting (HAZ<-2), in rural and urban pupils were 43.8% and 32.9%; 64.4% and 39.0% rural and urban pupils were underweight (WAZ<-2), while 30.3% and 24.3% were wasted (WHZ<-2). Infected children had signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher z-scores than the uninfected children. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Benue State is among the Nigerian states with the highest burden of tropical diseases with a current plan of elimination implemented through mass drug administration. This study identify/evaluate some essential information that will support the planning and implementation of the State’s ongoing efforts.   Copyright © 2016 Tyoalumun et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Parasitological and serological studies on amoebiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections in the rural sector around Recife, Northeast Brazil

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Felipe Gonçalves ◽  
Masanobu Tanabe ◽  
Francisco de Paula de Melo Medeiros ◽  
Fernando José Gonçalves ◽  
Ivanize da Silva Aca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Diffusion Precipitation

Parasitological examinations were carried out during July to December, 1989, on 485 inhabitants of four villages in São Lourenço da Mata, 25 km northwest of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Approximately 99.6% of the inhabitants were infected with at least one species of intestinal parasites. A high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni (82.1%), hookworm (80.2%) Trichuris trichiura (69.9%), Ascaris lumbricoides (61.9%) and Entamoeba coli (36.7%) infections were demonstrated. Test tube cultivation revealed that the most common species of hookworm in this region was Necator americanus (88.4%), and also that the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis was 5.8%. Three hundred and thirty-four sera were serologically examined for amoebiasis by the gel diffusion precipitation test (GDP) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No positive reaction was observed in all sera as examined by GDP, while 24 sera were positive by ELISA.

Thick Stool Smear Wet Mount Examination: A New Approach in Stool Microscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Parija ◽  
Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽  
Prasant Padhan
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Cotton Blue ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Difference

Microscopic examination of a wet mount of the stool has been the standard practice for the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Here we describe a novel method of stool microscopy of 80 stool samples, 31 (38.75%) were positive by the new thick stool smear wet mount method, whereas the corresponding figure for the conventional method using lacto-phenol cotton blue was 16 (20%). The difference was found to be statistically significant ( P<0.04 by McNemar's test). The thick stool smear wet mount procedure promises to be superior to the direct wet mount method in the detection of the intestinal parasites.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases and Schistosomiasis in Preschool Age Children in Mwea Division, Kirinyaga South District, Kirinyaga County, and Their Potential Effect on Physical Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Sifuna Wefwafwa Sakari ◽  
Amos K. Mbugua ◽  
Gerald M. Mkoji
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Preschool Age Children

Intestinal parasitic infections can significantly contribute to the burden of disease, may cause nutritional and energetic stress, and negatively impact the quality of life in low income countries of the world. This cross-sectional study done in Mwea irrigation scheme, in Kirinyaga, central Kenya, assessed the public health significance of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH), schistosomiasis, and other intestinal parasitic infections, among 361 preschool age children (PSAC) through fecal examination, by measuring anthropometric indices, and through their parents/guardians, by obtaining sociodemographic information. Both intestinal helminth and protozoan infections were detected, and, among the soil-transmitted helminth parasites, there were Ascaris lumbricoides (prevalence, 3%), Ancylostoma duodenale (<1%), and Trichuris trichiura (<1%). Other intestinal helminths were Hymenolepis nana (prevalence, 3.6%) and Enterobius vermicularis (<1%). Schistosoma mansoni occurred at a prevalence of 5.5%. Interestingly, the protozoan, Giardia lamblia (prevalence, 14.7%), was the most common among the PSAC. Other protozoans were Entamoeba coli (3.9%) and Entamoeba histolytica (<1). Anthropometric indices showed evidence of malnutrition. Intestinal parasites were associated with hand washing behavior, family size, water purification, and home location. These findings suggest that G. lamblia infection and malnutrition may be significant causes of ill health among the PSAC in Mwea, and, therefore, an intervention plan is needed.

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