scholarly journals The Influence of Lime Material and Nitrogen Fertilization on Reed Canary Grass Productivity, Plant Quality and Environmental Impact of Using Biomass for Energy Purposes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Gintaras Šiaudinis ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Regina Skuodienė ◽  
Regina Repšienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment with reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was carried out at LAMMC Vėžaičiai Branch (Western Lithuania) in 2010–2016 with the aim to evaluate the impact of liming and nitrogen on grass productivity, biomass chemical content and energetic parameters of the pellets. The site soil is the natural acidic loam Retisol (pH 4.2–4.6). Reed canary grass productivity was significantly affected by the year of growing and nitrogen fertilization. The average annual dry matter (DM) yield varied from 5442 to 11,114 t ha−1. The highest yields were obtained using the annual rate of 120 kg ha−1 N (nitrogen) fertilizers. Soil liming had a negligible effect on biomass productivity. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) varied greatly depending on the growing year and N fertilization rate. After analyzing the properties of reed canary grass and wood sawdust granules, it was found that the granules obtained a high density exceeding 1000 kg m−3 DM. The lowest calorific value of reed canary grass pellets was found to be quite high—17.4 MJ kg−1 DM. All harmful emissions did not exceed the permissible values. Summarizing the results, it can be stated that reed canary grass pellets may be recommended for burning in domestic boilers.

scholarly journals Energy potential of residual maize biomass at different spacings and nitrogen doses

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ambrosio ◽  
Volnei Pauletti ◽  
Gabriel Barth ◽  
Fabrício Pinheiro Povh ◽  
Dimas Agostinho da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Narrow Row

ABSTRACT Agricultural residual biomass is an important source of energy, and its production and quality vary according to the crop management. This study aimed to assess the effects of plant distribution and nitrogen fertilization on the energy production potential of the biomass of maize cultivated under no tillage. The field experiment was installed in southeast Brazil using five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1) and two inter-row spacings (0.4 and 0.8 m). Grain yield, residual biomass productivity, and bioenergy potential in different parts of the plant (grain, stalk+leaf, husk, and cob) were assessed. No change in grain yield was observed using narrow row spacing. Stalk+leaf and husk productivity was higher using 0.8 m than using 0.4 m of inter-row spacing. Nitrogen application resulted in increased grain yield and biomass productivity. Nitrogen influences the bioenergy potential by increasing the biomass and calorific value. Application of the maximum nitrogen fertilization rate is recommended for grain yield considering the use of only the husk and cob can generate 2712 kWh ha-1 of bioenergy.

scholarly journals Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Dionizas Streikus ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Mečys Palšauskas ◽  
Kęstutis Venslauskas
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Canary Grass

This paper presents the results of research on the preparation and use for energy purposes of three reed herbaceous energy plants: reed (Phragmites australis) and bulrush (Typha); both grown in local vicinities on lakes and riverbanks and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). The physical-mechanical characteristics (density, moisture, and ash content) of chopped and milled reeds were investigated. The investigation of mill fractional compositions determined the largest amount of mill—reed mill, collected on the sieves of 0.63 mm (40.0%). The pellet moisture ranged from 10.79% to 6.32%, while the density was 1178.9 kg m−3 for dry matter (DM) of reed. The ash content of reed, bulrush and reed canary grass pellets was 3.17%, 5.88%, and 7.99%, respectively. The ash melting temperature ranged from 865 to 1411 °C; these temperatures were high enough for ash melting. The determined pellet calorific value varied from 17.4 to 17.9 MJ kg−1 DM. The disintegration force, indicating pellet strength, ranged from 324.25 N for reed canary grass to 549.24 N for reed. The determined emissions of harmful pollutants—CO2, CO, NOx, and unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy)—did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from technology showed that the CO2 equivalents ranged from 7.3 to 10.1 kg CO2-eq. GJ−1 for reed and reed canary grass, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) grown for energy use

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strašil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Canary Grass

Field experiments with reed canary grass were conducted during 1996–2000 at four different sites (Ruzyně, Troubsko, Lukavec and Chomutov in the Czech Republic). In the period 2001–2009 the experiments were run at Ruzyně and Lukavec. During vegetation the following indicators were monitored: the course of weather in individual years at given sites and infestation of stands by pests and diseases. Furthermore, we monitored the effects of N application rates, year, site, as well as the effect of harvest time on yields of harvested biomass, moisture content, elements content, and energy content. The content of heavy metals in soils and subsequently in plants was also monitored. The zoning methodology was created for reed canary grass. The highest average dry matter yield of reed canary grass harvested in late autumn was achieved for comparable periods during 1996–2000 at Ruzyně (8.33 t/ha), and the lowest at Chomutov (6.80 t/ha). The greatest effect of N fertilization on yields was recorded at Ruzyně, where the N2 rate (80 kg/ha) increased the yield on average by 28.6% in comparison with the non-fertilized variants. Average loss of biomass over winter was 23.0%.

scholarly journals Biochar and Its Effects on Plant–Soil Macronutrient Cycling during a Three-Year Field Trial on Sandy Soil with Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Part I: Yield and Macro Element Content in Soil and Plant Biomass

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Urszula Sadowska ◽  
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Żabiński
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Pyrolyzed organic residues can be incorporated as a soil additive to improve their properties, crop productivity, or to increase retention or absorption of different compounds. However, in agronomy, the practice of biochar application is still under examination. The interactions between plant, soil, and biochar can be complex, and determines the agronomic effects obtained. A three-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of biochar addition and nitrogen (N) fertilization on biomass productivity and nutrient uptake of Mentha piperita L. The experiment was conducted with a three-factorial design in triplicate at N fertilizer rates of 75, 100, and 125 kg N ha−1 and biochar rates of 0, 5, 15, and 45 t ha−1. Commercial wood-based biochar produced at 650 °C was incorporated into sandy soil in 2017. Generally, our results demonstrated potential for treating a sandy soil, since biochar improved the nutrient availability for peppermint. However, on average, during a three-year mint-yielding period, no significant effect of the applied dose of biochar on this parameter was found. Significantly more soluble Ca, K, and SO4-S was found in the soil amended with biochar as compared with the control soil. Biochar, in doses of 15 and 45 t ha−1, increased the NH4-N concentration in the soil in the second and third year of the study, as well as NO3-N in 2018. The greatest amount of N and P was contained in the peppermint biomass after using 15 and 45 t biochar ha−1. The highest dose of biochar (45 t ha−1) also increased the contents of K and S in plants. Nitrogen fertilization increased the dry matter yield of peppermint on the harvest sampling dates. The N content in the mint increased proportionally to the nitrogen dose in fertilization, regardless of the biochar dose applied. The use of biochar in doses of 15 and 45 t ha−1 in coarse-textured soil contributed to increased use of nitrogen by plants after nitrogen fertilization at doses of 100 and 125 kg N ha−1. These findings suggest that the time-dependent responses of soil to biochar amendment are strongly influenced by plant, microbial, and soil feedback; if so, then practical long-term biochar effectiveness requires further study.

YIELD RESPONSE OF RAPESEED TO ROW SPACING AND RATES OF SEEDING AND N-FERTILIZATION IN INTERIOR ALASKA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. LEWIS ◽  
C. W. KNIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
High Precipitation

The effects of row spacings, seeding rates, and N-fertilization rates on yield of Candle, a cultivar of Brassica campestris L., were studied for 2 yr in interior Alaska. Rows were spaced at 18 and 36 cm. Seeding rates were 3, 7 and 13 kg ha−1. Fertilizer N was broadcast at 0, 55, 90, 125, 160 and 195 kg ha−1. Seed yield was not significantly affected by row spacing in either year of the study. Seeding rate did not significantly affect yield in 1978. In 1979, however, an interaction was detected between seeding rate and N-fertilization rate. During this year of abnormally high precipitation, when no N was applied, stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1 produced higher yields than those seeded at higher rates. With an initial N application of 55 kg ha−1, yields decreased from stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1, while yields from those seeded at 7 and 13 kg ha−1 increased. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on yield in both 1978 and 1979. Regression equations from both years (with the exception of that for the 3 kg ha−1 seeding rate in 1979) predicted maximum yields from N applications between 89 and 105 kg ha−1.Key words: Rapeseed, row spacing, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization, yield

scholarly journals The reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cultivated for energy utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strašil ◽  
V. Váňa ◽  
M. Káš
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Canary Grass

The reed canary grass as a source of energy was tested in field experiments on small plots at three different sites in 1996–2003. The effects of soil and weather conditions, different times of harvest (July, November, March) and different doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60 kg/ha) on yields of phytomass were investigated. The effects of the harvest time on the water content in harvested phytomass, loss of phytomass in different harvest period and the content of basic nutrients and heavy metals in plants were all specified. The influence of the year, site and N fertilization on yields of phytomass of the reed canary grass was highly significant. The reed canary grass responded positively to increasing doses of nitrogen by the increase of yields of phytomass. On the averages of years and sites, the N application dose of 30 kg/ha increased dry phytomass yields of the reed canary grass harvested in November by 14.6% (1.08 t/ha). The higher dosage of N 60 kg/ha increased yields of phytomass of the reed canary grass at all sites by 32.8% (2.08 t/ha) on average in contrast with variants without fertilization. By the dose of N 60 kg/ha, the dry above-ground phytomass harvested in autumn was 10.04 t/ha in Ruzyně, 8.27 t/ha in Lukavec and 6.94 t/hain Chomutov on average over the whole period. The later times of harvest resulted in a decrease of the average yield of phytomass (8.41 t/ha in July, 8.00 t/ha in November and 6.04 t/ha in March) and the average water content (64.3% – 45.2% – 21.5%); on the contrary, energy value of phytomass increased (16.93 GJ/t – 17.02 GJ/t – 17.19 GJ/t). The average content of ash in plants varied from 6.5% in Lukavec to 9.31% in Chomutov. The content of heavy metals in plants never exceeded the highest permissible values set in the Czech Republic for food and feed purposes.

scholarly journals The Dependence of Cocksfoot Productivity of Liming and Nitrogen Application and the Assessment of Qualitative Parameters and Environmental Impact Using Biomass for Biofuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8208
Author(s):  
Gintaras Šiaudinis ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Danutė Karčauskienė ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Kristina Lekavičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Technological Parameters

In order to evaluate the liming and nitrogen efficiency of cocksfoot (Dactylisglomerata L.) productivity, a field experiment was performed in Western Lithuania’s naturally acidic Retisol area (55°43′ N, 21°27′ E). Based on seven years of research data, dry mass (DM) yield (including first and second cuttings) reliably varied depending on the growing year, from 4.57 to 7.34 t ha−1. The most significant and positive impact on DM yield was obtained by the application of higher liming (6.0 t ha−1 CaCO3) and nitrogen (120 kg ha−1) rates. Liming utilization efficiency (LUE) was affected by the year of growth (although not always significantly), with a 6.0 t ha−1 CaCO3 liming rate and nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) varied depending on the growing year and N fertilization rate. One of the most effective solutions for improving cocksfoot biomass is to prepare pressed granulated biofuel, which is potentially a good quality raw material for the direct combustion process. The execution and evaluation of technological parameters and properties of produced pellets revealed that cocksfoot pellet humidity reached 10.0% ± 0.6%, whereas pellet density was sufficiently high, and reached 983.8 ± 22.9 kgm−3 DM. The lower calorific value of cocksfoot pellets reached 17.7 MJkg−1. Ash content after pellet burning was relatively high, reaching 7.0–7.6%. Pellet ash melting temperatures were sufficiently high, with ash softening temperature (ST) reaching 1065 °C. Determined emissions of harmful gases from the burning of cocksfoot pellets (CO2, CO, SO2, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons CxHy) did not exceed the permissible limits.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root distribution of winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Svoboda ◽  
J. Haberle
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
N Treatment

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root length (RL) distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozemic soil in the years 1996–2003. Two (N0, N1) and three (N0, N1, N2) treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg N/ha (N2) were studied in 1996–2000 and 2001–2003, respectively. Nitrogen rate 100 kg/ha had no effect on RL in soil layers (P > 0.1) in years 1996–2000 and 2002–2003 and there was not significant interaction between N treatment and soil layer except for year 1998 (P < 0.01). Nitrogen fertilization affected RL distribution significantly (P = 0.013) only in 2001 due to reduction of root growth in subsoil layers in treatment N2 (200 kg N/ha) in comparison with N0 and N1. The effect of N fertilization on total RL in rooted soil volume was insignificant. There was a significant effect of year on total RL (P < 0.01) but not of interaction of year and N treatment. Roots reached, with the exception of two years, the depth between 100 and 130 cm. Nitrogen fertilization (N1) had no effect (P = 0.59) on rooting depth (RD) in years 1996–2000 but there was a significant effect of interaction between year and N fertilization on RD (P < 0.01). In the second experimental series (2001–2003) N fertilization rate 200 kg N/ha significantly reduced maximum RD (P < 0.01) in comparison with N0 and N1. The year had highly significant effect on RD.

scholarly journals PSIV-B-27 Late-Breaking: Effects of grazing management and nitrogen fertilization on Marandu palisade grass production in silvopastoral systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
Josimari R Paschoaloto ◽  
José Charlis Alves Andrade ◽  
Marcia Vitoria Santos ◽  
Leandro Diego da Silva ◽  
Priscila Junia Rodrigues da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Forage Production

Abstract Integrated systems have been gaining prominence in recent years, especially the crop-livestock-forestry, which, in addition to being an alternative income per area, increase fertility and organic matter content in the soil, and protect animals against weather conditions. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the management of pastures under such conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the grazing management and nitrogen fertilization in Marandu palisade grass consorted with Eucalyptus to obtain the greater of forage production. The experimental design was a randomized block, arranged in split-plot, the plots were composed of two eucalyptus spacing (12 x 2 or 12 x 3) and Marandu monoculture, the subplots were composed of the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 100, 200 kg N/ha using ammonium sulfate). The higher DM accumulation rate was observed at 200 kg N ha-1 (69.29 kg DM ha-1 day), while there was no difference between the treatments without fertilization and 100 kg N ha-1 (P > 0.001). DM accumulation rate increased by 30.01% when fertilization increased from 100 kg N ha-1 to 200 kg N ha-1. Marandu palisade grass with 200 kg N ha-1 showed the highest production (28.82 t ha-1) independent of spacing. In the silvopastoral system, the greater accumulation of forage was observed when handled with 80% of the light interception (LI), corresponding to a height of 67 cm. Therefore, we conclude that Marandu grass in a silvopastoral system, without N fertilization, should be managed with a pre-grazing height of 60 cm and 73% LI. Marandu grass in a silvopastoral system, with 100 kg N ha-1 fertilization, should be managed with a height of 68 cm and 84% LI, and, with 200 kg N ha-1, should be managed at 80% of LI for the greater pasture utilization and development.

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