scholarly journals Foliar and Root Applications of Vegetal-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Differentially Enhance the Yield and Qualitative Attributes of Two Lettuce Cultivars Grown in Floating System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194
Author(s):  
Francesco Cristofano ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Antonio Pannico ◽  
Maria Giordano ◽  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable cultivated widely for its fast and year-round production and its beneficial phytochemical content, which may be boosted further by plant biostimulants that are considered eco-sustainable means for enhancing horticultural crop production. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the yield and qualitative parameters of two differently pigmented lettuce cultivars grown in a floating raft system either untreated or treated (leaf, root or leaf/root application) with vegetal protein hydrolysates (PHs). For foliar application (F), lettuce plants were sprayed at a dose of 3 mL L−1, whereas for root application, 0.15 (T1) or 0.3 (T2) mL L−1 was applied to the nutrient solution alone or in combination with foliar spray (T1 + F and T2 + F) with the same foliar concentration. Bio-morphometric and production data were collected after harvest. Physiological and plant nutrition assays included leaf gas exchange, leaf fluorescence, SPAD index, mineral content, carotenoids, total phenols, total ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activities. Cultivar-specific reactions to biostimulant application were noted: whilst the green pigmented cultivar thrived under nutrient solution applications and recorded higher yield by 82.7% (T1) or (T1 + F) and 71.7% (T2), the red cultivar thrived under combined treatments, yielding 55.4% (T2 + F) higher than control and providing the most concentrated phytochemical content. These latter treatments also engendered the highest SPAD index, Fv/Fm ratio, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration. In addition, the T2 + F treatment boosted ‘Canasta’ hydrophilic antioxidant activity (21.9%) and total ascorbic acid (5.6-fold). Nutrient solution treatments alone proved advantageous when compared to foliar treatments, while mixed treatments proved genotype-specific. New research on genotype specificity of biostimulant effects is warranted for future use, in order to rationalize biostimulant application modes and dosages.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Sugar Relationships in Immature Sugarcane Treated With Ascorbic Acid, Cysteine, Hydroxylamine, Cyanide, Silicon, and Iron

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Silicon Iron ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Immature sugarcane was treated with chemical additives to determine whether significant and predictable changes could be induced in enzyme behavior. All plants were grown in sand culture with controlled nutrient supply. One group received foliar application of ascorbic acid, cysteine, hydroxylamine and cyanide; the other group received silicon, iron, and cyanide as nutrient-solution supplements. Enzymes assayed included acid phosphatases, invertase, amylase, peroxidase, and tyrosinase (polyphenoloxidase). Each of the chemicals tested was known to affect one or more enzymes in vitro. Plants receiving 1,000 p.p.m. of cyanide as a foliar spray increased sucrose in leaves and meristem within 3 days. All enzymes measured were suppressed by CN. Amylase was markedly stimulated by 50 and 1,000 p.p.m. of cysteine. All the enzymes assayed were moderately stimulated by 50 p.p.m. of cysteine, whereas 1,000 p.p.m. caused general suppression. Plants receiving 200 p.p.m. of cyanide as a nutrient-solution supplement were greatly stunted and revealed low sugar content of leaf and meristem tissues. Tyrosinase was about 3 times more active in high-cyanide plants than in controls. Silicon added to nutrient solutions at rates of 20 and 200 p.p.m. greatly retarded invertase and tyrosinase. This confirms similar observations recorded earlier, and it is suggested that enzyme inhibition is a physiological function of silicon in sugarcane. Iron added to nutrient solutions at the rate of 10 p.p.m. caused general enzyme suppression, particularly with regard to meristem peroxidase and invertase. Significance of enzyme regulation in living cane is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Improvement of antioxidant activities and yield of spring maize through seed priming and foliar application of plant growth regulators under heat stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Shehzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Muhammad Ansar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Heat stress during reproductive and grain filling phases adversely affects the growth of cereals through reduction in grain’s number and size. However, exogenous application of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants may be helpful to minimize these heat induced yield losses in cereals. This two year study was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied through seed priming or foliar spray on biochemical, physiological, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and quality of late spring sown hybrid maize. The experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2007 and 2008. We observed that application of AsA, SA and H2O2 applied through seed priming or foliar spray improved the physiological, biochemical, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and grain quality of late spring sown maize in both years. In both years, we observed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the plants where AsA, SA and H2O2were applied through seed priming or foliar spray than control. Membrane stability index (MSI), relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, grain yield and grain oil contents were also improved by exogenous application of AsA, SA and H2O2 in both years. Seed priming of AsA, SA and H2O2was equally effective as the foliar application. In conclusion, seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 may be opted to lessen the heat induced yield losses in late sown spring hybrid maize. Heat tolerance induced by ASA, SA and H2O2 may be attributed to increase in antioxidant activities and MSI which maintained RWC and chlorophyll contents in maize resulting in better grain yield in heat stress conditions.

scholarly journals Relief Role of Lysine Chelated Zinc (Zn) on 6-Week-Old Maize Plants under Tannery Wastewater Irrigation Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5161
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmad ◽  
Wajid Ishaque ◽  
Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Atif Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Maize Plants

Tannery wastewater mainly comes from leather industries. It has high organic load, high salinity, and many other pollutants, including chromium (Cr). Tannery wastewater is generally used for crop irrigation in some areas of Pakistan and worldwide, due to the low availability of good quality of irrigation water. As tannery wastewater has many nutrients in it, its lower concentration benefits the plant growth, but at a higher concentration, it damages the plants. Chromium in tannery wastewater accumulates in plants, and causes stress at physiological and biochemical levels. In recent times, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelated compounds has been found to be helpful in reducing abiotic stress in plants. In our present study, we used lysine chelated zinc (Zn-lys) as foliar application on maize (Zea mays L.), growing in different concentrations of tannery wastewater. Zinc (Zn) is required by plants for growth, and lysine is an essential amino acid. Maize plants were grown in tannery wastewater in four concentrations (0, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and Zn-lys was applied as a foliar spray in three concentrations (0 mM, 12.5 mM, and 25 mM) during plant growth. Plants were cautiously harvested right after 6 weeks of treatment. Foliar spray of Zn-lys on maize increased the biomass and improved the plant growth. Photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and contents of carotenoids also increased with Zn-lys application. In contrast to control plants, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were increased up to 12%, 50%, and 68% in leaves, as well as 16%, 51% and 89% in roots at 25%, 50%, and 100% tannery water application, respectively, without Zn-lys treatments. Zn-lys significantly reduced the damages caused by oxidative stress in maize plant by decreasing the overproduction of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in maize that were produced, due to the application of high amount of tannery wastewater alone. The total free amino acids and soluble protein decreased by 10%, 31% and 64% and 18%, 61% and 122% at 25%, 50% and 100% tannery water treatment. Zn-lys application increased the amino acids production and antioxidant activities in maize plants. Zn contents increased, and Cr contents decreased, in different parts of plants with Zn-lys application. Overall, a high concentration of tannery wastewater adversely affected the plant growth, but the supplementation of Zn-lys assertively affected the plant growth and enhanced the nutritional quality, by enhancing Zn and decreasing Cr levels in plants simultaneously irrigated with tannery wastewater.

Molybdenum deficiency in wheat results in lower dormancy levels via reduced ABA

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Modi ◽  
A. L. P. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Endogenous Aba

AbstractWheat which was grown in acid-washed sand and irrigated with a molybdenum-free nutrient solution was treated with various concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) as a foliar spray at the flag leaf stage. At maturity, dormancy levels and abscisic acid (ABA) content of the seed were determined. Seed dormancy and ABA content increased with increasing rates of Mo application. In a field experiment, wheat (cv. SST 66) was treated with 100 ppm Mo by foliar application at the flag leaf stage. Embryos were tested for sensitivity to exogenously applied ABA. Embryos from Mo-treated plants showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA-induced inhibition of germination. The Mo application also resulted in significantly higher levels of endogenous ABA and Mo in the seeds. It is postulated that Mo deficiency leads to a lack of dormancy in wheat via reduced synthesis of ABA.

scholarly journals Silicon Fertilization: A Step towards Cadmium-Free Fragrant Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440
Author(s):  
Qamar uz Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Rab Nawaz ◽  
Afzal Hussain ◽  
Kamran Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Silicon Fertilization

Soil contamination with toxic cadmium (Cd) is becoming a serious global problem and poses a key hazard to environments and the health of human beings worldwide. The present study investigated the effects of foliar applications of three forms of silicate chemicals (calcium silicate, sodium silicate, and potassium silicate) at four rates (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) at tillering stage on rice growth and the accumulation of Cd under Cd stress (30 mg kg−1). The results showed that Cd stress reduced the yield-related traits and enlarged Cd contents in different rice organs. The leaf gas exchange attributes and yield traits were enhanced, and the Cd accumulation and bioaccumulation factor in rice organs were reduced, especially in grains, through silicon application. In shoots, roots, and grains, foliar spray of Si reduced Cd contents by 40.3%, 50.7%, and 47.9%, respectively. The effectiveness of silicate compounds in reducing Cd toxicity varied with the kind of chemicals and doses of foliar applications. Foliar application of potassium silicate, at a rate of 0.5%, at tillering stage, showed the best effectiveness in improving grain yield, while mitigating Cd accumulation in rice grains. The outcome of this study provides a promising practicable approach in alleviating Cd toxicity in rice and preventing the entrance of Cd into the food chain.

scholarly journals Silicon Supplied via Root or Leaf Relieves Potassium Deficiency Effects in Common Bean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcilene Machado dos Santos Sarah ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior ◽  
Gelza Carliane Marques Teixeira ◽  
João Carlos dos Santos Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Control

Abstract Potassium (K) deficiency affects physiological performance and decreasing vegetative growth in common bean plants. However, silicon (Si) supplied via nutrient solution or foliar application may relieve nutritional stress. Thus, two experiments were carried out: initially, a test was performed to determine the best source and concentration of leaf-applied Si. Subsequently, the chosen Si source was applied via nutrient solution or via leaf to verify if it is efficient in alleviating the effects caused by K deficiency. To that end, a completely randomized 2 x 3 factorial design was used, with two levels of K: deficient (0.2 mmol L− 1 of K) and sufficient (6 mmol L− 1 of K); and Si: via nutrient solution (2 mmol L− 1 of Si) or foliar spray (5.4 mmol L− 1 of Si) and control (0 mmol L− 1 of Si). In the first experiment, foliar spraying with sodium silicate and stabilized potassium at a concentration of 5.4 mmol L− 1 was better in favoring the physiology of bean plants. In the second experiment, K deficiency without the addition of Si compromised the plant's growth. Si applied through nutrient solution or foliar spray relieved K deficiency stress, increasing chlorophylls and carotenoids content, photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency and vegetative growth.

scholarly journals Role of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Cultivars in Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) Production in Arid Region of Bahawalpur

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Rashid Hussain ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Foliar Concentration

A field experiment was carried out to screen the best foliar concentration of salicylic acid (SA) out of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1 for its effect on various growth and yield parameters like number of leaves, plant height, number of fruits plant-1, fruit dimensions, leaf chlorophyll content and yield plant-1 in three chilli cultivars. The selected chilli cultivars included were Sky-Land-II, Sky-Land and 1130. The experiment was conducted in field area of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan during 2017. Results indicated that different levels of SA significantly increased plant growth and yield parameters, but the level of SA @ 75 mg L-1 highly improved the studied parameters in selected cultivars. Moreover, foliar spray of SA significantly increased growth in selected cultivars; however, Sky-Land-II performed better in response to different concentrations of SA. In conclusion, foliar spraying of 75 mg L-1 SA could be recommended to chilli growers under arid region of Bahawalpur for growing cultivar Sky-Land-II.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Banana Pseudostem Sap on Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)  

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
W.S.L.V. Fernando ◽  
Brintha Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pod Length

Improved soil fertility is a requirement for enhanced crop production. Combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers improve crop productivity while reduce environmental degradation. An experiment was carried out at Eastern University, Sri Lanka to study the effect of Foliar Application of Banana Pseudostem Sap on Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design having five treatments viz; recommended inorganic fertilizer N, P, K as basal and N as topdressing (T1), N, P, 1⁄2 K as basal with recommended N as topdressing and foliar spray of 1% , 3%, 5% and 7% banana pseudostem sap solution (T2-T5) at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th week after planting. The results revealed that significant difference (P<0.05) were noted on number of pods per plant at 1st and 2nd picking. Higher number of pods per plant, maximum pod length and girth were in T2 while low in T1. Sun dried weights of pods and number of seeds per pod were significantly (P<0.05) varied at each picking. Further, cowpea yield at each picking were higher in T2 compared to tested treatments. The present study suggested that, among the tested treatments N, P, 1⁄2 K as basal with recommended N as topdressing and foliar spray of 1% Pseudostem sap solution at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th WAP would be the most suitable for cowpea production in sandy regosol.

scholarly journals Improvement of drought tolerance in five different cultivars of Vicia faba with foliar application of ascorbic acid or silicon

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e0802
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohamed A. T. Yasin ◽  
El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Physiological Attributes

Aim of study: To explore the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) or silicon (Si) in improving drought tolerance in five faba bean cultivars under irrigation water deficit (IWD).Area of study: The experimental farm; 30° 36′ N, 32° 16′ E, Egypt.Material and methods: Three drip irrigation regimes (WW, well-watered, 4000 m3 water ha-1; MD, moderate drought, 3000 m3 water ha-1; and SD, severe drought, 2000 m3 water ha-1) were applied to plants, which were sprayed 25, 40, and 55 days after sowing with 1.5 mM AsA or 2.0 mM Si vs distilled water as a control.Main results: Drought negatively affected physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, relative water content, membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage (EL), and lipid peroxidation), which restricted plant growth and yields, and stimulated alterations in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. However, AsA or Si application mitigated drought effects on physiological attributes, improving growth, yields and water use efficiency by raising antioxidant activities and suppressing lipid peroxidation and EL in stressful cultivars. The mitigating effects of AsA and Si were more pronounced under MD.Research highlights: ‘Nubaria-2’, ‘Giza-843’, and ‘Sakha-3’ were more tolerant than ‘Giza-716’ and ‘Sakha-4’, suggesting the use of AsA or Si to ameliorate the IWD effects on stressful cultivars. Certain physiological traits exhibited positive association with growth and seed yield, demonstrating their importance in enhancing seed yield under irrigation treatments.

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