scholarly journals Potato Tuber Shape Phenotyping Using RGB Imaging

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. D. Neilson ◽  
Anne M. Smith ◽  
Lilia Mesina ◽  
Rachel Vivian ◽  
Susan Smienk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Tuber Shape ◽  
French Fry ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Prime Target

Potato tuber shape is an important quality trait for breeding and variety development. Length to width (L/W) ratio is a commonly used method to score potato tubers for suitability for different markets and is relatively easy to measure, though labor intensive when done manually. L/W also does not adequately capture secondary growth and other tuber malformations that contribute to tuber shape. Tuber shape has a genetic component and is a prime target for early breeding selection. In the current study we developed an image analysis pipeline to extract tuber shape statistics from images taken using inexpensive, commercially available cameras. The image processing pipeline was used to evaluate greenhouse grown tubers from 32 unique crosses. Tubers from greenhouse grown plants were then grown in a field located in Vauxhall, AB, Canada, and evaluated for tuber shape. Randomly selected tuber images were also shown to industry agronomists and potato growers located in Southern Alberta and their shape scored for suitability for processing (French fry and chipping) markets. Based on measurements taken from greenhouse grown tubers we were able to classify whether mean tuber shape from field grown plants were within ideal shape parameters for processing markets with ~76–86% accuracy. Based on performance of progeny we identified parents which show higher breeding value for tuber shape.

scholarly journals Pecan Kernel Color: Standards Using the Munsell Color Notation System

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy E. Thompson ◽  
L.J. Grauke ◽  
E.F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Notation System ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Color System ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Munsell System

The Munsell Color System was used to define pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] kernel colors and color changes for 21 clones, 11 locations, and 4 storage methods for nuts collected over a 4-year period. Hue readings ranged from 10.0 (10 red) to 22.5 (2.5 yellow). Value readings ranged from 2.5 to 8.0, and chroma readings ranged from 1.0 to 8.0. A total of 91 color chips (individual combinations of hue, value, and chroma) were needed to describe kernel color variability. In 1987 and 1988, one color [15.0/5/4 (hue/value/chroma)] accounted for 3,979 of the 32,078 readings taken, and the 15 most common colors accounted for 80.7% of all the readings. The Munsell system of color determination was well suited for pecan color determinations. A simplified color rating system with only six color classes was developed for general use by the pecan industry. This system is also routinely used in our breeding and genetics program to define this very important quality trait in pecan.

Effects of cultural practices on reducing field infestation of potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) and greening of tubers in the Sudan

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Tuber Shape ◽  
Crop Husbandry

SUMMARYThe population dynamics of the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and the influence of potato cultivar, planting date, planting depth, hilling-up, irrigation intervals and mulching on insect infestation and on the greening of tubers in the field were studied at Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan in the 1987/88 and 1988/89 winter seasons.The insect population initially increased slowly, then more rapidly after crop establishment and throughout the harvest period, after which it declined sharply. Tuber shape and skin characteristics had no effect on the degree of PTM infestation. Planting in the second week of November resulted in less insect damage and a significantly greater total yield compared with crops planted 3 weeks later. Greater depth of planting and more frequent hilling-up significantly lowered infestation levels and reduced the greening of tubers; for example, insect damage in early planted crops ranged from 3·3% (planting 10 cm deep and hilling-up thrice) to 16% (planting at 5 cm depth and hilling-up once).Irrigation and mulching both significantly reduced PTM damage and the greening of tubers.Light irrigation every 4 days and mulching with neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves during the last 4 weeks before harvest were the most effective treatments.Significant reductions in losses inflicted by PTM and by the greening of tubers were therefore achieved by the manipulation of crop husbandry practices.

scholarly journals Integrating a Low-Cost Electronic Nose and Machine Learning Modelling to Assess Coffee Aroma Profile and Intensity

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Claudia Gonzalez Viejo ◽  
Eden Tongson ◽  
Sigfredo Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Aroma is one of the main attributes that consumers consider when appreciating and selecting a coffee; hence it is considered an important quality trait. However, the most common methods to assess aroma are based on expensive equipment or human senses through sensory evaluation, which is time-consuming and requires highly trained assessors to avoid subjectivity. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the coffee intensity and aromas using a low-cost and portable electronic nose (e-nose) and machine learning modeling. For this purpose, triplicates of six commercial coffee samples with different intensity levels were used for this study. Two machine learning models were developed based on artificial neural networks using the data from the e-nose as inputs to (i) classify the samples into low, medium, and high-intensity (Model 1) and (ii) to predict the relative abundance of 45 different aromas (Model 2). Results showed that it is possible to estimate the intensity of coffees with high accuracy (98%; Model 1), as well as to predict the specific aromas obtaining a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.99), and no under- or over-fitting of the models were detected. The proposed contactless, nondestructive, rapid, reliable, and low-cost method showed to be effective in evaluating volatile compounds in coffee, which is a potential technique to be applied within all stages of the production process to detect any undesirable characteristics on–time and ensure high-quality products.

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlation of traits of production and reproduction of Simmental cows in different regions of Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
Dragan Niksic ◽  
Nevena Maksimovic ◽  
Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Marina Lazarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
One Year

The main goal of this research was to examine, using modern methods, the variability of phenotypic correlations of production performances and reproductive properties of Simmental cows reared on the farms of individual agricultural producers, in different breeding areas of the Republic of Serbia. The study of phenotypic correlations of milk performance and fertility properties in different regions of Serbia was carried out on a total of 3.056 primi parous Simmental heifers under control, with lactations completed within one year. The examined animals were reared on different individual farms, and mainly in very different conditions of housing and nutrition, depending on the breeding area. The study of phenotypic correlations included the following milk performance traits: milk yield, milk fat content, milk fat yield, yield of 4% corrected milk; and fertility properties: age at first calving and service period. The results of the study among other things indicate that although the phenotypic correlations between the fertility and milk performance properties show different degrees of variation, they should be taken into account in the final assessment of the breeding value of the animal, so that the breeding selection programs are more comprehensively designes.

scholarly journals Relationships between puroindoline-prolamin interactions and wheat grain hardness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Geneix ◽  
Michèle Dalgalarrondo ◽  
Caroline Tassy ◽  
Isabelle Nadaud ◽  
Pierre Barret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Binding Behavior ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Important Quality

AbstractGrain hardness is an important quality trait of cereal crops. In wheat, it is mainly determined by the Hardness locus that harbors genes encoding puroindoline A (PINA) and puroindoline B (PINB). Any deletion or mutation of these genes leading to the absence of PINA or to single amino acid changes in PINB leads to hard endosperms. Although it is generally acknowledged that hardness is controlled by adhesion strength between the protein matrix and starch granules, the physicochemical mechanisms connecting puroindolines and the starch-protein interactions are unknown as of this time. To explore these mechanisms, we focused on PINA. The overexpression in a hard wheat cultivar (cv. Courtot with the Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1d alleles) decreased grain hardness in a dose-related effect, suggesting an interactive process. When PINA was added to gliadins in solution, large aggregates of up to 13 µm in diameter were formed. Turbidimetry measurements showed that the PINA-gliadin interaction displayed a high cooperativity that increased with a decrease in pH from neutral to acid (pH 4) media, mimicking the pH change during endosperm development. No turbidity was observed in the presence of isolated α– and γ-gliadins, but non-cooperative interactions of PINA with these proteins could be confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. A significant higher interaction of PINA with γ-gliadins than with α–gliadins was observed. Similar binding behavior was observed with a recombinant repeated polypeptide that mimics the repeat domain of gliadins, i.e., (Pro-Gln-Gln-Pro-Tyr)8. Taken together, these results suggest that the interaction of PINA with a monomeric gliadin creates a nucleation point leading to the aggregation of other gliadins, a phenomenon that could prevent further interaction of the storage prolamins with starch granules. Consequently, the role of puroindoline-prolamin interactions on grain hardness should be addressed on the basis of previous observations that highlight the similar subcellular routing of storage prolamins and puroindolines.

Image-based automated potato tuber shape evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Si ◽  
Sindhuja Sankaran ◽  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Mark J. Pavek
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Tuber Shape

scholarly journals Construction of IsoVoc Database for the Authentication of Natural Flavours

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1550
Author(s):  
Lidija Strojnik ◽  
Jože Hladnik ◽  
Nika Cvelbar Weber ◽  
Darinka Koron ◽  
Matej Stopar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
The Cost

Flavour is an important quality trait of food and beverages. As the demand for natural aromas increases and the cost of raw materials go up, so does the potential for economically motivated adulteration. In this study, gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) analysis of volatile fruit compounds, sampled using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), is used as a tool to differentiate between synthetic and naturally produced volatile aroma compounds (VOCs). The result is an extensive stable isotope database (IsoVoc—Isotope Volatile organic compounds) consisting of 39 authentic flavour compounds with well-defined origin: apple (148), strawberry (33), raspberry (12), pear (9), blueberry (7), and sour cherry (4) samples. Synthetically derived VOCs (48) were also characterised. Comparing isotope ratios of volatile compounds between distillates and fresh apples and strawberries proved the suitability of using fresh samples to create a database covering the natural variability in δ13C values and range of VOCs. In total, 25 aroma compounds were identified and used to test 33 flavoured commercial products to evaluate the usefulness of the IsoVoc database for fruit flavour authenticity studies. The results revealed the possible falsification for several fruit aroma compounds.

scholarly journals Body-shape trajectories and their genetic variance component in Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Fragkoulis ◽  
Dimosthenis Kerasovitis ◽  
Costas Batargias ◽  
George Koumoundouros
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Integration ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Ontogenetic Trajectories ◽  
Important Quality

AbstractThe phenotype of juvenile fish is closely associated with the adult phenotype, thus consisting an important quality trait for reared fish stocks. In this study, we estimated the correlation between the juvenile and adult body-shape in Gilthead seabream, and examined the genetic basis of the ontogenetic trajectories. The body shape of 959 pit-tagged fish was periodically examined during the juvenile-to-adult period. Individual shape ontogenetic trajectories were studied in respect to the initial (juvenile) and final (adult) phenotypes, as well as to the rate that adult phenotype is attained (phenotypic integration rate). We found that the juvenile body-shape presented a rapid change up to 192.7 ± 1.9 mm standard length, followed by a phenotypically stable period (plateau). Depending on the shape component considered, body-shape correlations between juvenile and adult stages ranged from 0.22 to 0.76. Heritability estimates (h2) of the final phenotype ranged from 0.370 ± 0.077 to 0.511 ± 0.089, whereas h2 for the phenotypic integration rate was 0.173 ± 0.062. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the variance of the ontogenetic trajectories has a substantial additive genetic component. Results are discussed in respect to their potential use in selective breeding programs of Gilthead seabream.

scholarly journals PECAN KERNEL COLOR: STANDARDS USING MUNSELL COLOR CHIPS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 432a-432
Author(s):  
Tommy E. Thompson ◽  
L.J. Grauke ◽  
E.F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Color Determination ◽  
Color System ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

The Munsell Color System was used to study pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] kernel colors and color changes for 21 clones, 11 locations, and five storage methods for nuts collected over 4 years. Hue readings ranged from 10.0 (10 red) to 22.5 (2.5 yellow). Value readings ranged from 2.0 to 8.0, and chroma readings ranged from 1.0 to 8.0. A total of 91 classes (individual combinations of hue, value, and chroma) were needed to describe all kernel colors. Overall, one class 115.0/5/4 (hue/value/chroma)] accounted for 3979 of the 32,078 readings taken, and the 15 most common classes accounted for 80.7% of all the readings. This system of color determination was well-suited for pecan color determinations and continues to be used routinely as a part of our breeding and genetics program to define this important quality trait in pecan.

scholarly journals Potential nutritional strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature in cattle – a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Environmental conditions influence animal production from an animal performance perspective and at the carcass level post-slaughter. High rigor temperature occurs when the animal is hyperthermic pre-slaughter, and this leads to tougher meat. Hyperthermia can result from increased environmental temperature, exercise, stress or a combination of these factors. Consumer satisfaction with beef meat is influenced by the visual and sensory traits of the product when raw and cooked, with beef consumers commonly selecting tenderness of the product as the most important quality trait. High rigor temperature leads to a reduction in carcass and eating quality. This review examines some possible metabolic causes of hyperthermia, with focus on the importance of adipose tissue metabolism and the roles of insulin and leptin. Potential strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature are offered, including the use of dietary supplements such as betaine and chromium, anti-diabetic agents such as thiazolidinediones, vitamin D, and magnesium (Mg) to provide stress relief.

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