scholarly journals Integrated Horticultural Practices for Improving Apple Supply Chain Sustainability: A Case Study in the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Xiaoqiang Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Environmental Emissions

Apple production provides smallholders with low economic benefits, while high environmental emissions limit the sustainability of the apple supply chain. Furthermore, coordination to achieve greater economic benefits and environmental protection, thereby improving the sustainability of the apple supply chain, remains underdeveloped. Here, we have analyzed the current status of the economic benefits and environmental emissions of the apple production process and explored the level of collaboration within the apple supply chain, based on an analysis of farmer horticultural practices for high production, high economic benefit, and low environmental emissions, in combination with substance flow analysis. Our study showed that compared with traditional practice, high-yielding, high-efficiency practice allowed fruit yield, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, and economic benefit to increase by 33%, 61% and 49%, respectively, while soil nitrogen residue levels decreased by 13%. The improvement and adoption of technology in the apple-planting process significantly improved the sustainability of the apple supply chain: the economic benefit increased by 63%, while the nitrogen footprint decreased by approximately 68%. Additionally, the application of integrated nutrient management technology in the apple planting process significantly improved the sustainability of apple production, thereby synergistically improving the economic and environmental impact of the apple supply chain.

The Impact of a Potential Public/Private Initiative on a Defined Region of the South Suburban Chicago Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Market Area ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The university is considered one of the engines of growth in a local economy or its market area, since its direct contributions consist of 1) employment of faculty and staff, 2) services to students, and supply chain links vendors, all of which define the University’s Market area. Indirect contributions consist of those agents associated with the university in terms of community and civic events. Each of these activities represent economic benefits to their host communities and can be classified as the economic impact a university has on its local economy and whose spatial market area includes each of the above agents. In addition are the critical links to the University, which can be considered part of its Demand and Supply chain. This paper contributes to the field of Public/Private Impact Analysis, which is used to substantiate the social and economic benefits of cooperating for economic resources. We use Census data on Output of Goods and Services, Labor Income on Salaries, Wages and Benefits, Indirect State and Local Taxes, Property Tax Revenue, Population, and Inter-Industry to measure economic impact (Implan, 2016).

scholarly journals A mathematical model for designing a reliable cellular hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing system considering alternative and contingency process routings

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Hooshyar Telegraphi ◽  
Akif Asil Bulgak
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Hybrid Manufacturing ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain

AbstractDue to the stringent awareness toward the preservation and resuscitation of natural resources and the potential economic benefits, designing sustainable manufacturing enterprises has become a critical issue in recent years. This presents different challenges in coordinating the activities inside the manufacturing systems with the entire closed-loop supply chain. In this paper, a mixed-integer mathematical model for designing a hybrid-manufacturing-remanufacturing system in a closed-loop supply chain is presented. Noteworthy, the operational planning of a cellular hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing system is coordinated with the tactical planning of a closed-loop supply chain. To improve the flexibility and reliability in the cellular hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing system, alternative process routings and contingency process routings are considered. The mathematical model in this paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first integrated model in the design of hybrid cellular manufacturing systems which considers main and contingency process routings as well as reliability of the manufacturing system.

Design and Analysis of a High Pitch to Chord Ratio Cascade Representative of Ducted Propfans

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Weber ◽  
W. Steinert ◽  
H. Starken
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Integral Boundary ◽  
Pressure Loss Coefficient ◽  
Distribution Boundary ◽  
Very High

Efforts to reduce the specific fuel consumption of a modern aero engine focus in particular on increasing the by-pass ratio beyond the current level of around 5. One concept is the counterrotating shrouded propfan operating at low overall pressure ratio and having only very few fan blades of extremely high pitch/chord ratios. The relative inlet Mach numbers cover a range from 0.7 at the hub to 1.1 at the tip section of the first rotor. A propfan cascade was designed by taking into account two characteristic features of a propfan blade-blade section: • a very high pitch/chord ratio of s/c = 2.25 • an inlet Mach number of M1 = 0.90 which leads to transonic flow conditions inside the blade passage In the design process a profile generator and a quasi-3D Euler solver were used iteratively to optimize the profile Mach number distribution. Boundary layer behavior was checked with an integral boundary layer code. The cascade design was verified experimentally in the transonic cascade wind tunnel of DLR at Cologne. The extensive experimental results confirm the design goal of roughly 5 degree flow turning. A total pressure loss coefficient of less than 1.5% was measured at design conditions. This validates the very high efficiency level the propfan concept is calling for. A 2D Navier-Stokes flow analysis code yields good results in comparison to the experimental ones.

Supply chain practices and organizational performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Gorane ◽  
Ravi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test a framework which identifies the relationships between various supply chain practices (SCPs) and organizational performance (operational performance (OP), customer satisfaction, and financial performance) in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations. Design/methodology/approach From the literature, ten SCPs are selected which finally influences the organizational performance. In order to understand the interactions between SCPs and organizational performance, this paper grouped the ten SCPs into four constructs namely: information and communication technology, supply chain (SC) integration, operational responsiveness, and closed loop green practices. Three levels of firm performance are also examined, including OP, customer satisfaction, and financial performance. The paper-based and web-based survey yielded 292 responses from the Indian manufacturing organizations. The data collected were put through rigorous statistical analysis to test for the content, construct, and criterion-related validity, as well as reliability analyses. Further a structural equation model was developed to test the relationships between SCPs and organizational performance. Findings The finding suggests that a successful SCPs implementation not only improves the OP, but also enhances customer satisfaction and financial performance. In addition, higher financial performance is also attributable to better customer value resulting from the achievement of better customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications SCPs are complex constructs. While this study shows the effect of broadly accepted SCPs on organizational performance, not all possible practices are covered in this study. Again the study can be further extended to sector specific so that the results can be further refined. Practical implications This is one of the few studies which attempts to investigate whether there is any relationship exits between SCPs and organizational performance. The finding will help decision makers in the organization to know the importance of SCPs and how SCPs influence the organizational performance. Second, this study has developed and validated a multi-dimensional construct of SCPs, which can assist decision makers of Indian organizations to evaluate the competence of their current status of SCPs in the organization. Originality/value As per the knowledge of the authors, this is the first kind of study which empirically investigated the relationships between SCPs and organizational performance in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations.

Impact of Lean Supply Chain Management on Operational Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Bin Zhou ◽  
Fiona Xiaoying Ji
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Lean Supply Chain

Lean is a systematic approach to identify and eliminate non-value-added activities or waste through continuous improvement process. While traditional lean manufacturing focuses on the activities within a single organization, lean supply chain consists of the same processes, but it views these processes over multiple organizations. This research addresses an important yet under-studied area – lean supply chain management in small organizations, especially small manufacturing firms. The study examines driving factors of lean supply chain management, focus of lean supply chain practices, and major supply chain and information technology solutions applied in these companies. Through a research survey, the study has provided important insights into the current status of lean supply chain practices and related implementation issues in small businesses.

scholarly journals Bio-ethanol (2nd Generation Ethanol): A Solution to Ever Polluting Gasoline to Climate in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohapatra ◽  
Raj Kishore Mishra ◽  
Khitish K. Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Rapid Pace

Environmentally sustainable energy sources are called for due to contemporaneous development in industries along with the rapid pace of urbanization. Ethanol produced from biomass can be deliberated as a clean and safest liquid fuel and an alternative to fossil fuels as they have provided unique environmental, strategic economic benefits. For the past decade, it has been noticed that there is an increasing trend found in bio ethanol production which has created a stimulus to go for advancement in bio ethanol production technologies. Several feed stocks have been used for the bio ethanol production but the second generation bio ethanol has concentrated on the lignocellulosic biomass. Plenteous lignocellulosic biomass in the world can be tapped for ethanol production, but it will require significant advances in the ethanol production process from lignocellulosic because of some technical and economic hurdles found in commercial scale. This review will encompass the current status of bio ethanol production in terms of their economic and environmental viability along with some research gaps as well as policy implications for the same.

scholarly journals Optimal fishing mortality assignment for southern hake Merluccius australis in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
Felipe Lopez ◽  
Jorge Jimenez ◽  
Cristian Canales
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Objective Functions

Since 1979, southern hake (Merluccius australis) has been exploited in Chile from the Bio Bio to the Magallanes regions, between the parallels 41°28.6'S and 57°S. There is evidence of a constant fishing effort and a sustained reduction of the fish population, consistent with a progressive decrease in total annual catches. Management strategies based on the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and quota assignment/ distribution criteria have not been able to sustain acceptable biomass levels. A non-linear optimization model with two objective functions was proposed to determine an optimal total catch quota for more sustainable exploitation of this fishery. The first function maximizes the total catch over time in response to an optimal assignment of fishing mortality rates per fleet; the second function maximizes the total economic benefit associated with the total catch. The dynamics of the fish population were represented with the equations of a predictive age-structured model. Decision variables were fishing mortality rates and annual catch quotas per fleet, subject to constraints that guarantee a minimum level of biomass escape over a long-term period. The input parameters were obtained from the last stock evaluation report carried out by the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) of Chile. The historical background data of the fishery and the regulatory framework were relevant aspects of the methodology. Five scenarios were evaluated with the two objective functions, including a base scenario, which considered the referential mortality rate as input data as the average mortality rate per fleet from 2007 to 2012. Total economic benefits fluctuate between 102 and USD 442 million for total catches in the range of 108 to 421 thousand tons, which were obtained from maximizing the economic and biological objective functions. Economic benefit/catch ratios were reduced for scenarios with higher constraints on catch limits, and they were more efficient from a biological point of view. Situations with lighter constraints showed in general higher economic benefits and better performance ratios than those with stronger restrictions. The use of optimization models may provide a useful tool to evaluate the effect of regulations for adequate conservation and economical utilization of a limited resource.

scholarly journals Technological Change in Electric Power Supply Chain: Quantifying Economic Benefits of General Electric's GT11N2 M

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Genc
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Electric Power Supply

Abstract This paper examines General Electric's new combined-cycle gas turbine GT11N2 M upgrade. The new technology provides operational flexibility and promises output and cost efficiencies. To investigate the benefis of this technology, we propose a power supply chain model and construct cost functions for generation and service and maintenance using actual market and firm level data. The upstream firm is General Electric (GE) who invests in GT11N2 generators. The investment results in innovation of GT11N2 M upgrade facilitating different operational modes and efficiencies. The downstream firm is TransAlta's Sarnia plant which utilizes this new technology to produce and sell electricity to residential, small business, industrial, and wholesale market customers in Ontario, Canada. We quantify equilibrium prices and outputs under various efficiency rates in costs of fuel, service, and maintenance. We find a large variation in electricity generation depending on which operational mode ("Maximum Continuous Load" or "Performance" or "Lifetime") of GT11N2 M is selected. Under a mixed usage of all modes, we expect 44% output expansion to the industrial customers and 0.2% sales increase in the Ontario wholesale electricity market. Under this mode, GE's price should go down by 0.4% due to fuel cost efficiency. If GE's cost was $2.8 per MWh, GE should have asked Trans-Alta an average price of $5.822 per MWh for service and maintenance prior to the new technology. With the new technology, GE should charge $5.502 per MWh to Trans Alta. While GE's sales to wholesale market are almost stable, the sales to industrial customers increase nonlinearly in downstream efficiency rates. This shows that the amount of greenhouse gas emissions will be largely impacted by the choice of operational mode and how long it is used.

scholarly journals Classification and ways of China urban express terminal distribution service modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 04030
Author(s):  
Wang Shengjin ◽  
Chen Ying
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Service Models ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Express Delivery

In order to meet the diversified consumption needs of urban residents, many new urban express terminal distribution service models have emerged, from the traditional “door to door” service to the current service station and smart cabinets and other service modes coexist. The diversification of urban express delivery service models can not only bring customers a better consumer experience, but also help to further improve the consumption level of urban residents. Through qualitative comparison and analysis of existing urban express terminal distribution service models, this paper can provide a reference for e-commerce companies and logistics companies to choose the urban express terminal distribution service models suitable for their own development. Improving the current status of urban express delivery services will help resolve the contradiction between customer experience demands and enterprises, bring economic benefits to enterprises, and also help improve urban transportation and bring social benefits.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Marshalling Model for Enterprise Station Freight Railway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Guo ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Zili Xie ◽  
Jiawei Wen ◽  
Nanshan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Energy Consuming

Railway marshalling and transportation is an important component of the production supply chain for large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Traditional inefficient manual-made marshalling plans usually are not optimal in time or energy consuming. An efficient method needs to be developed to find the optimal marshalling plans automatically. This paper mainly studies the railway train automatic marshalling in large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Based on the investigation at the train station of a certain enterprise, according to the railway track information, carriage information, and production task information, this paper designs the abstracted railway state definitions of the station. Then based on the state definitions, the scheduling rules, and the objective function of time cost and economic cost, this paper converts abstract scheduling instructions into a general railway automatic marshalling model which can be executed by computers. By introducing the greedy strategies into different situations to optimize the algorithm of tracks occupation, carriages selection and train path selection in the model, the planning efficiency can be improved while ensuring the economic benefits of the enterprises and the quality of the formation plan. The experimental results show that the proposed model can generate fewer marshalling plans and find the optimal one faster in most cases, which proves the feasibility and availability of the model.

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