Can Biofertilizers Reduce Synthetic Fertilizer Application Rates in Cereal Production in Mexico?

Biofertilizers are considered as potential supplements or alternatives to fertilizers. The objective of the present study is to evaluate different biofertilizers in combination with synthetic fertilizers on the yields of maize and wheat in several states in Mexico. Fourteen biofertilizer treatments plus a treatment with 100% the locally recommended fertilizer rate (RFR), another with 50% RFR (the control treatment), and one without any fertilizer (for a total of 17 treatments) were tested on maize and wheat in five states across Mexico. Field experiments were established in five states and several years for a total of 14 experiments in Mexico. In general, except for the experiments conducted in moderately low soil P conditions, Chiapas and Sonora (maize), no response to biofertilizers was observed in the remaining locations, through the years in wheat and maize. We conclude that in high input production systems, the biofertilizer response is more an exception than a rule with only 21% of the experiments showing a significant difference in favor of biofertilizers and only 4 of 15 products tested produced a yield response in more nitrogen deficient environments. Some products containing AMF may be beneficial in maize production systems with phosphorus deficient environments.

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Influence of organic sources of nutrients on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) as an intercrop in coconut garden

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i2.3102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

Author(s):

H. P. Maheswarappa, V. Krishnakumar, ◽

Alka Gupta, A. Geetha Kumari

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Population Level ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Biogas Slurry ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vigorous Growth

Performance of vanilla, as influenced by organic source of nutrition when grown as intercrop in coconut garden, was studied in sandy loam soil at ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala for seven years. Field experiments were carried out with different sources of organic manures, recommended NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. Application of cow dung slurry (6 tonnes ha-1) resulted in vigorous growth of vine (vine length of 5.5 m) and higher number of beans per vine (208) and a significantly higher mean fresh yield of bean (1.87 kg vine-1). Application of vermicompost (5 kg plant-1) + biofertilizers (Bacillus and Azospirillum) and vermiwash were on par and recorded mean fresh yield of 1.47 kg vine-1 and 1.30 kg vine-1, respectively. Control treatment without fertilizer application recorded significantly lower fresh bean yield (0.55 kg vine-1) due to lower number of beans per vine (72 nos.). In the rhizosphere of vanilla, no significant difference for either bacterial or actinomycetes population was noticed among the treatments. The fungal population differed significantly among the treatments and the highest population level was found with application of biogas slurry (62.1x103cfu g-1 soil), which was on par with application of cow dung slurry (59x103 cfu g-1 soil). Among the function specific microbial communities, the highest population of P-solubilisers (98x103 cfu g-1 soil) was recorded in the biogas slurry treatment, and it was the lowest in control and vermiwash application treatments. The average coconut yield realized during experimental period(2004-05 to 2009-10) was 136 nuts per palm, recording 53 per cent increase in yield compared to pre-experimental yield (89 nuts per palm).

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Influence of intra-row plant spacing, phosphorus application and growth stage on the forage, seed yields and quality of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides) in subhumid area of Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v31i1.1456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

A. T. Omokanye ◽

J. T. Amodu ◽

S. O. Onifade

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Application Rates ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

P Application ◽

Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Phosphorus Application

Forage, seed yields and herbage chemical composition of phasey bean Macroptilium lathyroides) were investigated at 3 intra-row plant spacings (15, 30 and 45cm between plants; 50 cm between roms), 4 phosphorus (P) fertilizer application rates (O), 50, 100 and 750 kg/ha P) and 5 harvest stages (uncut control, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks post sowing) in two growing seasons at Shika in northern Nigeria. The least intra-row plant spacing (15cm) produced higher (p<0.01) total DM vield (1.50 t/ha) than wider spacings. The proportion of leaf was least (40 %) in the widest spacing compared with other spacings (59-62 %). The P-fertilized plots produced 58-60% more total DM vields than the unfertilized plots and total DM yields increased with advanced plant growth. The highest percentage (61-63) of leaf was recorded from 6 to 12 weeks post sowing. Nitrogen level in herbage increased (p<0.05) with increased intra-row plant spacing and P application. Phosphorus and Calcium. Levels in herbage did not respond to intra-row plant spacing but increased with P application. The Ca:P ratios at the harvest stages were between 1:1 and 6:1. The highest seed yields (198 and 188 kg/ha) were recorded respectiely in the least intra-row plant spacing and the application of 100 kg Piha. Supplementation of calves on grasses/cereal stovers with phasey bean hay in a sustainable crop livestock production systems is suggested.

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Response of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to phosphorus fertilisation on alkaline soils in eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr04037 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 913 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

C. G. Dorahy ◽

I. J. Rochester ◽

G. J. Blair

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

P Uptake ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Critical Limit ◽

Soil P ◽

Application Rates ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

P Application ◽

Fertiliser Application

Abstract. Seventeen field experiments were conducted on alkaline soils in eastern Australia between 1997 and 2000 to evaluate irrigated cotton response to phosphorus (P) fertilisation. Only 3 experiments demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in crop P uptake or lint yield with P application. Comparison of several soil P tests revealed that Colwell (bicarbonate) P provided the best correlation with P uptake at early flowering and lint yield. Soil P may limit cotton growth where Colwell-P concentrations are <6 mg/kg. Soil P concentrations at most of the sites were well above this critical limit, so P fertiliser application was not required. Average P uptake at physiological cut-out and P removal in seed cotton was 21 and 15 kg P/ha, respectively. Apparent P fertiliser recovery was variable (0–67%) and may have contributed to the lack of response that was observed in 14 out of the 17 experiments. It is recommended that at least 40 kg P/ha be applied to soils with Colwell-P concentrations <6 mg/kg to increase soil P reserves. Application rates of at least 20 kg P/ha are recommended where Colwell-P falls between 6 and 12 mg/kg to maintain soil P fertility.

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THE RELATION OF SOIL TEST VALUES TO FERTILIZER RESPONSE BY THE POTATO: IV. AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS AND PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss67-030 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 175-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. F. Bishop ◽

C. R. MacEachern ◽

D. C. MacKay

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Response ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Test ◽

Soil Series ◽

Response Curves ◽

Fertilizer Response ◽

Soil P ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mitscherlich Equation

In field experiments, conducted at 18 locations during a 3-year period, tuber yields on zero-P plots ranged from 49.7–95.5% of those obtained with optimum P fertilization. Each of three chemical methods used to estimate available soil P showed a wide range of values for the different locations.When Bray's modification of the Mitscherlich equation was used to express the relationship between soil test values and yield response to applied P, there were appreciable differences in c1 values which varied with soil series and soil test methods.Polynomial response curves showed that, irrespective of the chemical method used, if soils were grouped on the basis of available P into "high", "medium" and "low" classes, response to applied P was much less in the high than in the medium and low classes. Response curves also showed that both P requirements and maximum yields varied with different soil series.

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The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-021-05187-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Waqas Qasim ◽

Yiming Zhao ◽

Li Wan ◽

Haofeng Lv ◽

Shan Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

N Losses ◽

Application Rates ◽

Greenhouse Vegetable ◽

Straw Incorporation ◽

Deep Soils ◽

Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Abstract Background About 30 % of vegetables in China are produced in intensively managed greenhouses comprising flood irrigation and extreme rates of nitrogen fertilizers. Little is known about denitrification N losses. Methods Soil denitrification rates were measured by the acetylene inhibition technique applied to anaerobically incubated soil samples. Four different greenhouse management systems were differentiated: Conventional flood irrigation and over-fertilization (CIF, 800 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); CIF plus straw incorporation (CIF+S, 889 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer application rates (DIF, 314 kg N ha−1, 190 mm); DIF plus straw incorporation (DIF+S, 403 kg N ha−1, 190 mm). Soil denitrification was measured on nine sampling dates during the growing season (Feb 2019-May 2019) for the top-/ subsoil (0 – 20/ 20- 40 cm) and on three sampling dates for deep soils (40-60/ 80-100 cm). Data was used to constrain N-input-output balances of the different vegetable production systems. Results Rates of denitrification were at least one magnitude higher in topsoil than in sub- and deep soils. Total seasonal denitrification N losses for the 0 – 40 cm soil layer ranged from 76 (DIF) to 422 kg N ha−1 (CIF+S). Straw addition stimulated soil denitrification in top- and subsoil, but not in deep soil layers. Integrating our denitrification data (0-100 cm) with additional data on N leaching, N2O emissions, plant N uptake, and NH3 volatilization showed, that on average 50 % of added N fertilizers are lost due to denitrification. Conclusions Denitrification is likely the dominant environmental N loss pathway in greenhouse vegetable production systems. Reducing irrigation and fertilizer application rates while incorporating straw in soils allows the reduction of accumulated nitrate.

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OF SOME FIELD TRAITS OF WHEAT TO ABA UNDER EFFECT OF WATER STRESS RESPONSE

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v48i4.353 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Hashim & Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Water Stress ◽

Plant Height ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Significant Difference

Two field experiments were carried out at the field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib of agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of water irrigation quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on some morphological traits of wheat cultivar bahooth 10. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation volumes which control treatment (irrigation 50% of the water available), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sub plots. Second experiment included same irrigation treatments which occupied main plots while ABA spraying concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) micromoles occupied sub plots. Irrigation treatment 70% of first experiment produced plant height was 97.08 cm and flag leaf area 46.35 cm-2 and dry weight at 100% anthesis 1144.57 gm m-2. For second experiment control treatment gave highest values for duration from planting to 100% anthesis 113.41 and 111.50 day, number of tillers 388.95 and 403.18 tiller m-2 , the crop growth rate 10.61 and 11.31 g m-2 day for both season respectively with no significant difference with 70% of control treatment for both seasons. Soaking concentration 3 micromoles attained the highest value of number of tillers 338.58 and 354.20 tiller m-2, dry matter at 100% anthesis 970.10 and 1102.43 gm m-2, day the crop growth rate 8.85 and 10.16 gm-2 . day for both seasons respectively .While spraying 90 micromoles concentration gave the lowest values for plant height 82.63 and 88.22 cm, but the highest value for number of tillers 336.67 and 384.92 tiller m-2 , for both season , day the crop growth rate 9.13 and 9.05 g m-2 day for first season with did not differ significantly from 60 micromoles . Therefore could be conclude to capability of irrigation with 70% from full irrigation without signification effect in growth traits, as well as can be treat plant wheat with ABA concentration 3 and 60 micromoles soaking and spraying respectively to improve their ability to tolerance water stress .

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The effect of application rate of chemical herbicides on weed control and yield in early potatoes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600024370 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

Maurice Eddowes

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Low Cost ◽

Application Rate ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Application Rates ◽

Herbicide Mixtures ◽

Rate Controlled ◽

Annual Weeds

SummaryIn a series of field experiments from 1966 to 1969, on light sandy loam soils in the West Midlands, comparisons were made between two levels of application of herbicides based on urea, triazine and bipyridil compounds for weed control in early potatoes.Under conditions of adequate nutrient and water supply, the high application rate controlled about 94%, and the low application rate about 88% of the annual weeds. At equivalent application rates, urea compounds and herbicide mixtures containing ureas, gave superior weed control to triazine compounds and herbicide mixtures containing triazines, but the ureas were apparently more phytotoxic to the potatoes.In 1970, comparisons were made between three levels of application of ametryne and monolinuron, high, medium and low and an unsprayed control treatment.The highest yields of potatoes were associated with the low application rates of herbicides from 1966 to 1970.It was concluded that, on these light sandy loam soils, when irrigation is available, relatively low application rates of either monolinuron or ametryne, or mixtures of ureas or of triazines, or mixtures of bipyridils and ureas or triazines could give adequate control of annual weeds in early potatoes at low cost.

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Efficacy of Biostimulants Formulated With Pseudomonas putida and Clay, Peat, Clay-Peat Binders on Maize Productivity in a Farming Environment in Southern Benin

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.666718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Nadège Adoukè Agbodjato ◽

Marcel Yévèdo Adoko ◽

Olubukola Oluranti Babalola ◽

Olaréwadjou Amogou ◽

Farid T. Badé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Putida ◽

Production Systems ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Vital Role ◽

Maize Production ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Half Dose ◽

Set Up ◽

Southern Benin

Maize plays a vital role in Benin's agricultural production systems. However, at the producer-level, yields are still low, although the production of this cereal is necessary for food security. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of solid biostimulants formulated from the rhizobacteria Pseudomonas putida and different binders on maize cultivation in the farming environment in three (03) study areas in South Benin. For this purpose, three (03) biostimulants were formulated based on Pseudomonas putida and the clay, peat and clay-peat combinations binders. The experimental design was a randomized block of four (04) treatments with 11 replicates per study area. Each replicate represented one producer. The trials were set up at 33 producers in the study areas of Adakplamè, Hayakpa and Zouzouvou in Southern Benin. The results obtained show that the best height, stem diameter, leaf area as obtained by applying biostimulants based on P. putida and half dose of NPK and Urea with respective increases of 15.75, 15.93, and 15.57% as compared to the full dose of NPK and Urea. Regarding maize yield, there was no significant difference between treatments and the different study areas. Taken together, the different biostimulants formulations were observed to be better than the farmers' practice in all the zones and for all the parameters evaluated, with the formulation involving Pseudomonas putida on the clay binder, and the half-dose of NPK and Urea showing the best result. The biostimulant formulated based on clay + Pseudomonas putida could be used in agriculture for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly maize production in Benin.

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Tomato Responses to Preplant-incorporated or Fertigated Phosphorus on Soils Varying in Mehlich-1 Extractable Phosphorus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.1.67 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Osmar Alves Carrijo ◽

George Hochmuth

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Soil Testing ◽

Yield Response ◽

Drip Irrigation System ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Soil P ◽

Application Rates ◽

Very High

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the yield response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to P, either preplant-incorporated or injected through the drip irrigation system, on soils with low, high, or very high soil P content. Fertilization through the drip irrigation system (fertigation) was more efficient than preplant incorporation of P for soil that tested low in P (9 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P). On soil testing low in P, marketable yield response to preplant soil P application rates (0 to 100 kg·ha–1) was maximum at 61 kg·ha–1 P according to the linear-plateau model, but 37 kg·ha–1 P according to the quadratic-plateau model. The lower value is about one-half the P recommended by Univ. of Florida for low-P soils. On soil testing high in P (48 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P) the linear-plateau model predicted a maximum yield of 72.8 t·ha–1 with 25 kg·ha–1 P. The Univ. of Florida recommended no P for that soil. On soil testing very high in P (85 mg·kg–1 Mehlich-1 P), there was no yield improvement with P fertilization.

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Effect of potassium fertilization of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) on yield, pyrethrins concentration in dry achenes and potassium concentration in soil and plant tissues

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9940647 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 647 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AA Salardini ◽

KSR Chapman ◽

RJ Holloway

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Northern Region ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Response ◽

First Year ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Tanacetum Cinerariifolium ◽

Second Year

Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), a small perennial plant, has been commercially grown for production of pyrethrins (Py) in Tasmania since 1983. Two field experiments were conducted on clay loam and sandy clay loam krasnozem soils at Harford and North Motton in the northern region and a two-year experiment on an alluvial sandy loam at Ouse in the southern region of Tasmania to study its potassium (K) requirements. Potassium, at rates up to 200 kg K ha-1, was band-placed at planting (basal K) of pyrethrum splits. At Ouse in the spring of the following year up to 100 kg K ha-1 was side-dressed in the subplots. No achene yield response was observed at Harford with the soil Colwell K (Kc) of 80 mg K kg-1 and North Motton (Kc = 132), but at Ouse (Kc = 50) in the first year a maximum increase of 86% in the achene yield was attained at 50 kg K ha-1. In the second year at Ouse, the achene yield response occurred with residual basal K up to the 200 kg ha-1 rate, where the achene yield was 3.9-fold greater than the control. In addition to the increase gained from the residual K in the second year, 50 kg side-dressed K ha-1 increased the achene yield by a maximum of 50%. Basal K did not have any effect on the Py concentration of the first year crops, but it increased the Py concentration in the second year crop at Ouse. Side-dressed K also increased the Py concentration. The Py yield at the highest rate of 200 kg basal and 25 kg side-dressed K ha-1 was more than 6.5-fold that in the control treatment. The Kc and the concentration of K in apical tissues were correlated to the rates of applied K, achene yield and Py yield, and their potential as techniques to predict pyrethrum response to K application is discussed.

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