Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Silage Corn Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions

In water-scarce regions, high yield and improved water use efficiency (WUE) of crops can be obtained if water and nitrogen (N) are properly applied. While water and N have been the subject of research worldwide, studies are needed to advance our understanding on the complexity of their interaction. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Wyoming Powell Research and Extension Center in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine the effect of irrigation water and N on growth, dry matter (DM) yield, and WUE of silage corn (Zea mays L.) grown under on-surface drip irrigation (ODI). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangement with three replications. Irrigation was the main treatment and included 100ETc (100% crop evapotranspiration), 80ETc, and 60ETc. Nitrogen was the sub-treatment and included 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N ha−1 as urea-ammonium-nitrate solution Results showed that irrigation water, N, and application timing significantly affected growth and DM yield, especially at late vegetative and mid reproductive growth stages. At harvest (R4), no significant difference was observed between 180 kg N ha−1 and 270 kg N ha−1 on DM yield and WUE. However, significant differences of DM yield were observed between irrigation treatments, and 100ETc and 80ETc did not differ in WUE. Our findings suggest that 100ETc and 180 kg N ha−1 is the best combination for high yielding corn for silage grown in a semi-arid climate under ODI.

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Study of The Effect of Salt Stress and Kinetin and Their Interaction on The Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 923 (1) ◽

pp. 012084

Author(s):

Zahra Hussein Al-Khafaji ◽

Fouad Razzaq Al-Burki

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract A field experiment was conducted at the first station of the College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna for the agricultural season 2020-2021, with the aim of studying the effect of treatment with salinity stress and kinetin on the growth and yield of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar of Bohooth 22. The experiment was applied by split plates design using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three Replicators of 36 experimental units The main units included levels of irrigation water salinity (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) ds/m, while the secondary units included levels of kinetin (0, 30, 60 Ppm). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the salinity of the high irrigation water in most growth traits such as plant height, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant−1, spike length (cm) and number of days to physiological maturity (day) at a rate of (.5473, 14.912, 3.222, 9.176, 143.67) respectively, and the traits of the yield and its components represented by the number of spikes. m2, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains (gm), grain yield (ton ha−1) and biological yield (ton ha−1) at a rate of (300.06, 35.39, 31.60, 3.52, 9.46) respectively, while soaking the seeds with kinetin led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits. Thus, we conclude that salt stress has a negative role on the growth stages of the vegetative plant, and this leads to the reduction of the yield and its components.

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The Effect of Irrigation Intervals on the Growth and Yield of Quinoa Crop and Its Components

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n9p182 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Abdullah M. Algosaibi ◽

Ayman E. Badran ◽

Abdulrahman M. Almadini ◽

Mohammed M. El-Garawany

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Index Number

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation intervals on growth, yield and its components and some of the chemical characteristics of the soil after the harvest of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) plant. Three treatments were used as follow: T1 (twice irrigation every week, which is the common in the region), T2 (once irrigation every week) and T3 (twice irrigation every two weeks) using in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The crop coefficient (Kc) value differed according to the stage of growth where the results showed that the T2 treatment gave the highest mean in all the studied traits followed by the T3 treatment in all traits except the number of seed/m2. The results also confirmed that the increase in water reduced the agronomic traits such as harvest index, number of seeds and yield of seeds and straw/m2. Also it showed that the pH values in soils were not significantly affected by irrigation, while Ec significantly affected. Correlation coefficient was negative with the most traits and low with the number of grain (0.34) under overall studied treatments which confirms that quinoa is a plant that needs limited amounts of irrigation water. On the other hand there was positive strong correlation between the harvest index and grain yield (0.92). The results showed that moisture stress treatments increased the concentration of the ionic, NH4-N and NO3-N significantly compared to soils which do not have moisture stress (T1, T2). We assume that the development based on Kc during growth-stages helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for quinoa plant. These results indicate that the water requirements of quinoa plant are limited and that quinoa plant growth is not affected by the lack of irrigation water on the crop and its qualities.

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Agronomic characteristics, silage quality, intake and digestibility of five new Brazilian sorghum cultivars

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185961400063x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 153 (2) ◽

pp. 371-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. L. A. NEVES ◽

R. D. SANTOS ◽

L. G. R. PEREIRA ◽

G. F. OLIVEIRA ◽

C. B. SCHERER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

High Yield ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

North Eastern ◽

Silage Quality ◽

Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage sorghum (FS) (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a key feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The present paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, silage quality, intake and digestibility of five new Brazilian sorghum cultivars (BRS Ponta Negra variety, BRS 655 hybrid, BR 601 hybrid, BRS 506 variety and BRS 610 hybrid). Forages were grown (randomized complete block design) in a typical Brazilian north-eastern semi-arid climate, irrigated with 267 mm water, harvested as plants reached the soft dough stage of grain maturity and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês lambs. BRS 506 outperformed the other cultivars in dry matter (DM) and digestible DM yields/ha. BRS 506 exhibited the lowest neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents and the highestin vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the cultivars examined. BRS 655 produced the lowest level of lactic acid and the highest pH and ammonia-N concentration. There was no difference in intake or digestibility of DM among cultivars. Silages produced from BRS Ponta Negra resulted in higher crude protein (CP) intake than BRS 655. Silages made from BRS 506 and BRS Ponta Negra resulted in a greater digestibility of CP than those produced from BRS 655. Intake of NDF in silages generated from BRS Ponta Negra and BRS 610 was higher than that found in other cultivars. Although an average Brazilian North-eastern FS exhibited similar characteristics to other cultivars grown in dry regions around the world, the results indicated that BRS 506 had a yield advantage and higher nutritive value under Brazilian semi-arid conditions as compared to the other cultivars examined.

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ANISE (PIMPINELLA ANISUM): CHANGES IN YIELDS AND COMPONENT COMPOSITION ON HARVESTING AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PLANT MATURITY

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479708006959 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 117-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

ABDULHABIP ÖZEL

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Block Design ◽

Component Composition ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Plant Maturity ◽

Harvesting Stage ◽

Main Component

SUMMARYThis study investigated the effects of harvesting at different plant maturation stages on the yield and component compositions of aniseed. It was carried out on the Harran Plain (Sanliurfa, Turkey) in the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons. A randomized complete block design was used. The plants were harvested at 10 different growth stages and determinations were made of the yields of seed, the essential oil and its main component (E)-anethole, the weight of 1000 seeds, the number of umbels per plant, the number of seedless umbels per plant and number of seeds per umbel. Statistical analyses indicated that all properties studied were affected by the harvesting stage. The fourth harvesting stage gave the highest yields of seed, essential oil and (E)-anethole. The first and second harvesting stages provided the best quality of essential oils with a high (E)-anethole content.

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Response of Rapes (Brassica napus L.) to Nano- Iron Fertilization under semi-arid Region conditions

Bionatura ◽

10.21931/rb/2019.04.01.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lamiaa A. Mutlag ◽

Nagam A. Meshaimsh ◽

Hasan H. Mahdi ◽

Raghad S. Mouhamad ◽

Hasan H. Khamat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

The field experiment was conducted in the season of 2017-2018 at the Agricultural Research Department-AL-Azafrinih/Baghdad-Iraq. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding the Foliar Fe fertilization (Nano-Fe) and ground fertilization of (N, P) in the growth and production yield of rapes (Brassica napus L.). The experiment included three levels of foliar fertilization (Nano-Fe) that is (0, 5, 10 Kg. ha-1) and one level of ground fertilization (N 100 Kg. ha-1, P 250 Kg. ha-1). The experiment designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications each parameter. The studied traits were nutrients content (macro-micro) in seeds and soil, the percentage of protein, oil, and carbohydrate. All data were analyzed and used statistically. Results showed a significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization and nutrient content (N, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Cu), pH in soil at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Moreover, the significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization, yield (1425.6 kg. ha-1), the percentage of oil (52.16%), protein content in seeds (46.5%), carbohydrate (26.8%), Nutrient content N and P in seeds at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization and the nutrient content (Ca, Mg, Fe) in seeds at levelof5 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Current results suggested that Nano-Fe fertilization at the level of 10 kg. ha-1 can be adopted as the best level for rapes (Brassica napus L.) cultivation under semi-arid conditions.

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Reduced Asian Soybean Rust Control by Commercial Fungicides Co-formulations in the 2018-2019 Growing Season in Southern Brazil

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v13n4p113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Erlei Melo Reis ◽

Mateus Zanatta ◽

Andrea Camargo Reis

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Commercial Fungicide

It has been a growers concen the reduction of Asian soybean rust (ASR) control by commercial fungicide co-formulations in the last growing seasons in southern Brazil. The objective of this work was to assess the ASR control efficacy by the most used co-formulations in the 2018/19 season. In a field experiment, 19 fungicides in commercial formulations to control soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, were evaluated. Chemicals at their recommended doses were sprayed at four soybean growth stages. The first application was performed with 1.82% leaflet incidence and coinciding with R1 phenological stage. The others were performed at 14-18 days intervals. At stage R6, end of the epidemic and coinciding with half of the defoliation in the control plots, the leaf severity was appraised. The experiment was conducted with Ativa soybean cultivar, in 3 × 6 m plots, four replications and randomized block design. The harvest was made with a plot combine and the yield expressed in grains kg/ha. The means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. The disease control efficacy by 17 fungicide co-formulation showed control less than 57%, one with 78% and none with ≥ 80%. The unsprayed treatment severity was 81% and the greatest control of 78% resulted in 3,876 kg/ha yield. Therefore, the hypothesis raised in this work was accepted showing that the site-specific fungicides co-formulations are showing efficacy reduction season after season.

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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) in Bihar

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i630325 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Sushil Kumar Yadav ◽

Dilip Kumar Mahto ◽

Neha Sinha ◽

Sanjay Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Cropping System ◽

Bottle Gourd ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Available N ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference

A field experiment was conducted at Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda during summer 2017 to assess the effect of complementary and sole applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of bottle gourd under onion-onion-bottle gourd crop sequence. The experiment consists of seven treatments viz.,T1-Inorganic fertilizers (120 Kg N: 60 Kg P2O5 and 40 Kg K2O); T2-50% NPK through inorganic fertilizer + 50%N through FYM; T3-50% N through FYM + 50% N through VC; T4-1/3 of N through FYM + VC + Neemcake; T5-50% N through FYM + PSB + Azotobactor; T6-T3 + PSB + Azotobactor and T7-T4 + PSB + Azotobactor. These seven treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Results revealed that T1-100% NPK through inorganic fertilizer recorded 225.7 q ha-1 fruit yield, which was statistically at par with T2 and T6 producing (211.8 and 209.5 q ha-1). Vine length differed significantly at all the growth stages. T1 recorded maximum vine length (51.8, 370.3 and 464.7 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, which was significantly higher over T5 at 30 DAS, over T4 and T5 at 60 DAS and over T5 at 90 DAS. Among organics, T6 recorded longest vine, while T5 recorded shortest. No. of branches were found non-significant at 30 DAS but it become significant at 60 and 90 DAS and found significantly highest in T6 over all the treatments. After completion of the cropping system; onion-onion-bottle gourd, soils were subjected to analysis. pH differed significantly, while non-significant difference were observed in EC and soil Org-C. Similarly, available N and P concentration were also found non-significant due to different fertilizer sources, but the concentration of available K differed significantly and found highest in T1 which was at par with T2. T1-100% inorganic fertilizer sources recorded highest gross return, net return and B: C ratio followed by T2. On the basis of result it has been concluded that T2 having 50% NPK through inorganic fertilizer + 50% N through FYM may found suitable for sustainable bottle gourd production as it performed at par with T1 in respect to crop growth and yield.

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CRESCIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MAMOEIRO FERTIRRIGADO COM DIFERENTES COMBINAÇÕES DE FONTES NITROGENADAS

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n4p575-586 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 575-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatyane Velasco Souza ◽

Vital Pedro da Silva Paz ◽

Eugênio Ferreira Coelho ◽

Francisco Adriano de Carvalho Pereira ◽

Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Biometric Data ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference

CRESCIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MAMOEIRO FERTIRRIGADO COM DIFERENTES COMBINAÇÕES DE FONTES NITROGENADAS Tatyane Velasco Souza1; Vital Pedro da Silva Paz1; Eugênio Ferreira Coelho2; Francisco Adriano de Carvalho Pereira1; Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo21Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, [email protected] 2Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, Cruz das Almas, BA, [email protected] 1 RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos de diferentes combinações de fontes nitrogenadas (sulfato de amônio e nitrato de cálcio), aplicadas via água de irrigação, sobre os componentes biométricos e de produção do mamoeiro Tainung n°1. O experimento foi desenvolvido no campo experimental da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, em Cruz das Almas, Bahia, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Foram obtidos dados biométricos (altura de planta, diâmetro de caule e área foliar) e de produção. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias de crescimento e produtividade do mamoeiro nos diversos tratamentos, indicando não haver diferença entre as fontes nítrica e amoniacal para fertirrigação. A substituição do sulfato de amônio por nitrato de cálcio como única fonte nitrogenada para o mamoeiro promoveu um ganho de produtividade de 14,79%, elevando, porém, o custo de produção em 649,84%. A aplicação de nitrogênio ao solo no período de 12 meses, considerando 50% do período com sulfato de amônio e 50% com de nitrato de cálcio, não causou acidificação ou aumento do pH do solo. UNITERMOS: Fertirrigação, parâmetros biométricos, produtividade. SOUZA, T. V.; PAZ, V. P. da S.; COELHO, E. F.; PEREIRA, F. A. de C.; LEDO, C. A. da S. GROWTH AND YIELD OF PAPAYA UNDER COMBINATIONS OF NITROGEN SOURCES APPLIED BY IRRIGATION WATER 2 ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to study the effects of different combinations of nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate), applied by irrigation water, on biometric and production parameters of papaya cv. Tainung # 1. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, in Cruz dasAlmas,Bahia, under a randomized block design, with five treatments and five replications. Biometric data (plant height, stem diameter and leaf area) and production ones were collected. There was no significant difference among treatments, i.e., no difference between the nitrical and ammoniacal nitrogen sources at growth and production stages of the crop. The replacement of ammonium sulfate by calcium nitrate as the only nitrogen source for papaya provided a gain of 14.79% in yield, but the productions of cost increased 649.84%. The application of nitrogen to the soil during 12 months by ammonium sulfate during 50% of the period and calcium nitrate in the remaining did not cause acidification or increase of soil pH.KEYWORDS: Fertirrigation, growth parameters, productivity

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Performance of Sorghum Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) developed for rain-fed areas of Sudan

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1504395h ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 395-406

Author(s):

El Hassan ◽

Yasir Gamar ◽

Ibrahim Elzein ◽

Asma Ali ◽

Tareg Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Block Design ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Wide Range

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is the most widely produced and consumed cereal crop in Sudan. However, productivity is low since the crop is produced in favorable and unfavorable environments where the crop suffers from drought stresses at different growth stages. In the present study, six sorghum inbred lines developed by local breeding program and two commercial checks were evaluated for grain yield potential, yield stability, some important agronomic characters and grain quality properties. Series variety trials were conducted at Elobeid and Suki, Damazin areas of Sudan, during three consecutive rainy seasons. The selected locations represent low, medium and high rainfall areas of Sudan. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that mean squares of genotypes, seasons, locations, location x season, location x genotypes, season x genotypes and season x location x genotype interactions were highly significant (P=0.01) for grain yield. The sorghum genotypes Edo 34-23-4, Edo 26-18 and Edo 16-dwarf produced substantially higher grain yields than commercial checks and the trial mean. Their percentage yield increase ranged from 5% to 75% over commercial checks. The stability analysis revealed that the above mentioned Edo-genotypes had high yield potentials and were stable across a wide range of agricultural conditions. Moreover, the same Edo-lines showed early maturing compared to selected commercial checks and also the Edo-lines possessed good food grains and were market preferred and acceptable for making quality kisra (fermented sorghum pancake-like flatbread). The Edo developed lines also possess the acceptable grain quality in addition to moderate physical grain characteristics such as protein content, fat acidity and moisture content.

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Effect of Irrigation and N-fertigation Levels on Broccoli Performance in a Polynet House

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i1230576 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 261-267

Author(s):

Sathyamurthy Naik ◽

K. S. Kumar ◽

Sai Kumar Rondla ◽

K. Kishan

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Block Design ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Green Colour ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Npk Uptake ◽

Set Up

The purpose of this study is to see how the microclimate of the polynet house, irrigation, and fertigation levels affect broccoli output. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design within bounds beneath a polynet house with 320 m2 floor area covered with 50% perforated green colour net. Plant height, dry matter production yield, and its attributes were found to be maximum in drip irrigation (1.0Epan) + 125 % N at all growth stages, as per effect of scheduled irrigation and fertigation levels on crop biometric performance. Drip irrigation (1.0Epan) + 125% N resulted in a high higher yield (22.02 t ha-1); while treatments drip irrigation (1.5 Epan) + 75% N resulted as in lowest yield (18.02 t ha-1).The treatment drip irrigation (1.0Epan) + 125% N had a maximum NPK uptake. Polynet house covered with 50% perforation of green colour is suitable for realizing favorable microclimate for broccoli cultivation. Drip irrigation scheduled at 1.0 E pan with 125%N in the poly net house is recommended for broccoli production in central Telanganaagro-climatic conditions as it maintained high yield and water use efficiency.

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