scholarly journals Endophyte Bacillus velezensis Isolated from Citrus spp. Controls Streptomycin-Resistant Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri That Causes Citrus Bacterial Canker

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fazle Rabbee ◽  
Md. Sarafat Ali ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Baek
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC), caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a devastating disease in many commercial citrus cultivars. Every year, CBC causes a substantial reduction in fruit quality and quantity that corresponds to significant economic losses worldwide. Endophytic microorganisms produce numerous bioactive secondary metabolites that can control plant pathogens. We investigated the antagonistic activities of 66 endophytic bacteria isolated from nine citrus cultivars to control streptomycin-resistant Xcc. The suspension of Endophytic Bacteria-39 (EB-39), identified as Bacillus velezensis, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against three wild-type and six streptomycin-resistant Xcc strains, with the inhibition zones between 39.47 ± 1.6 and 45.31 ± 1.6 mm. The ethyl acetate extract of EB-39 also controlled both wild-type and streptomycin-resistant Xcc strains, with the inhibition zones between 29.28 ± 0.6 and 33.88 ± 1.3 mm. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the ethyl acetate extract of EB-39-induced membrane damage and lysis. The experiments using the detached leaves of a susceptible Citrus species showed that EB-39 significantly reduced the incidence of canker on the infected leaves by 38%. These results strongly suggest that our newly isolated EB-39 is a novel biocontrol agent against CBC caused by wild-type and streptomycin-resistant Xcc strains.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TENGGULUN (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
N. M. Puspawati ◽  
N. L. P. F. Widiari ◽  
I M. Sukadana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Inhibition Zones

This study aims to examine the antibacterial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extract of tenggulun leaves (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus bacteria and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the most active extracts and identify its active compounds. A total of 1000 g of tenggulun leaf powder was macerated with methanol and 91.78 g of crude methanol extract was obtained which was further partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion well method and the result showed that the ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 20% was strongly able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria with inhibition zones of 20.08 mm, followed by n-butanol 16.66 mm, and n-hexane 13.33 mm. The minimum concentration of ethyl acetate extract was 0.2% in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 6.20 mm. Separation of the active ethyl acetate extract was conducted by silica gel column chromatography with mobile phase of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7.5: 2.5) gave 6 combined fractions. Fractions B, G, H and I showed antibacterial activity at concentrations of 50% with a diameter of inhibition zone of 5.62 mm, 6.87 mm, 8.50 mm, and 6.75 mm respectively. The results of mass spectra analysis from the chromatogram peaks of LC-MS / MS suggested that the G and I fractions were tentatively identified as crotarin, benzophenone-2, and medroxyprogesterone acetate which may contributed to the antibacterial activity by acting synergisticly.    Keywords: antibacterial, tenggulun, Staphylococcus aureus, LC-MS/MS.

scholarly journals New Bioactive Oleanane Type Compounds fromCoriandrum sativumLinn.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Rubina Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Imam Bakhsh Baloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Five (1–5) new bioactive oleanane type triterpenoids have been isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract ofCoriandrum sativumLinn. of Umbelliferae family. Ethanolic extract of the whole plant was fractionated in organic solvents. Ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatography on HPLC RP-18 to get 1-oxo-11β,21β-dihydroxy-oleanane (1), 1-oxo-11β-hydroxy-21β-O-acetyloleanane (2), 1-oxo-11β-hydroxy-21β-O-angeloyloleanane (3), 1-oxo-11β-O-angeloyl-21β-O-acetyloleanane (4), and 1-oxo-11β,21β-O-dibenzoyloleanane (5). The structures were elucidated after analysis of spectroscopic data, UV, IR, NMR (1H,13C, 1D, and 2D), and mass measurements. Suspension in water of crude ethyl acetate extract was employed to treat sheep with ringworm disease. All isolated compounds (1–5) displayed excellent activity in terms of inhibition zones, MICs, MBCs, and MFCs against both bacteria and fungi. Ethyl acetate extract showed excellent antiringworm activity in sheep.

scholarly journals Analisa Potensi Ekstrak Daun Kari (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mustanir Mustanir ◽  
Tara Rizki Al-Qarana ◽  
Hilda Gusvianna ◽  
Nurdin Saidi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Daun M. koenigii sangat umum digunakan sebagai rempah dalam berbagai masakan di Aceh, namun pemahaman masyarakat terhadap pentingnya daun M. koenigii perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat ditingkatkan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakterial daun M. koenigii terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus serta uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil). Uji antibakterial dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram, dan hasilnya ekstrak etil asetat menghasilkan zona hambat yang lebih besar dibandingkan ekstrak metanol dan n-heksana. Zona hambat yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi 1, 5 dan 10 % secara berturut-turut adalah 8,7; 7,7 dan 6,7 mm terhadap E. coli, dan 12,8 ;10,7 dan 8,0 mm terhadap S. aureus. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat dibandingkan dengan ekstrak metanol dan nheksana secara berturut-turut berdasarkan nilai IC50 yaitu 23; 50,54; dan 64,70 ppm. Berdasarkan kromatografi kolom diperoleh 8 (A-H) subfraksi dan subfraksi G menunjukan aktifitas antioksidan yang paling kuat sebesar 14,41 ppm   Murraya koenigii (M. koenigi) leaves are very commonly used as spices in various cuisines in Aceh, but people's understanding of the importance of M. koenigi leaves needs to be improved, so it can be utilized better. In this study, the antibacterial activity of M. koenigii leaves was carried out against E. coli and S. aureus and antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals (1,1- Diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil). Antibacterial tests were carried out using the disc diffusion method, and as a result, the ethyl acetate extract produced a larger inhibition zone than the methanol and n-hexane extracts. The inhibition zones produced at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10% were 8.7; 7.7 and 6.7 mm against E. coli, and 12.8; 10.7 and 8.0 mm against S. aureus. Ethyl acetate extract had the strongest antioxidant activity compared to methanol and nexexane extracts based on IC50 values, 23; 50; 54; and 64.70 ppm. Based on column chromatography obtained, 8 (A-H) subfraction and subfraction G showed the strongest antioxidant activity of 14.41 ppm.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Ethyl Acetate Extract From Breadfrui (Artocarpus Altilis) Leaves to Inhibit Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria

Biomedika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Yusianti Silviani ◽  
Ardy Prian Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Diarrhea is a health problem that commonly occurs in developing countries. Bacteria that cause diarrhea are among others Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This research aimed to investigate the diameters of inhibition zones of breadfruit leaf (A. altilis) ethyl acetate extract in different concentrations against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The research applied an experimental laboratory by using a post-test control group design. This research was performed at the Bacteriology Laboratory of STIKES Nasional by using the diffusion disk method. The research showed the radical zone diameters against Escherichia coli with the concentrations of  20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%,  were 6.16 mm, 6.41 mm, 6.74 mm, 7.49 mm, and 7.79 mm, respectively.  The inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus were 8.15, mm 9.43 mm, 10.29, 10.38 mm and 11.42 mm, while against Salmonella typhosa were 7.94 mm, 8.87 mm, 10.15 mm, 10.26 mm, and 11.23 mm, respectively. The results of the ANOVA test showed the p-value=0.00 and the results of the LSD test revealed the differences in the inhibition effects of A. altilis leaf extract against the growth of E. coli, S. typhosa and S. aureus. This study concludes that concentration variations of Artocarpus altilis leaf ethyl acetate extract can inhibit the growth of  Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhosa.

Antinociceptive profile of ethyl acetate extract of Hyptis fruticosa Salzm. ex Benth. (Labiatae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Marçal ◽  
DM Ptak ◽  
RR Krempser ◽  
MR Krempser ◽  
SV Floresta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract

Phytochemical screening for identification of bioactive compounds of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) responsible for larvicidal action against Aedes triseriatus Say, 1823 (Diptera : Culicidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Rhitayu Chakraborti ◽  
Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Aedes Triseriatus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lc50 Value

Study to assess the larvicidal property of Lantana camara leaves against Aedes triseriatus larvae found that the ethyl acetate extract had profound larvicidal action with the crude extract having a LC50 value of 409.831ppm. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract confirmed the presence of twenty-one compounds out of which beta-caryophyllene covered the highest percentage of the chromatogram area. Further tests with beta-caryophyllene against the mosquito larvae proved it to be the active ingredient of L. Camara with a LC50 value of 104.243ppm.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S129
Author(s):  
I. Namoune ◽  
B. Khettal ◽  
A.M. Assaf ◽  
S. Elhayek ◽  
L. Arrar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

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