scholarly journals Horse Transport to Three South American Horse Slaughterhouses: A Descriptive Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béke Nivelle ◽  
Liesbeth Vermeulen ◽  
Sanne Van Beirendonck ◽  
Jos Van Thielen ◽  
Bert Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
South American ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Humidity Index

Between November 2016 and October 2017, 23 horse transports from 18 collection points to two slaughterhouses in Argentina and one in Uruguay were monitored. The goal of this study was to characterize the current practices in commercial horse transports and to detect potential threats to horse welfare. A total of 596 horses were transported over an average distance of 295 ± 250 km. Average transport duration was 294 ± 153 min. The infrastructure did not always promote smooth loading, but the amount of horses that refused to enter the trailers was limited. In each loading space, a camera was mounted to observe horse behaviour during the journey. Ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH) were recorded every five minutes in each loading space. In 14 of the 23 transports, the maximum temperature rose above 25 °C and the average temperature was over 25 °C during six transports. The average temperature humidity index (THI) exceeded 72 during six transports. The average stocking density was 1.40 ± 0.33 m2 per horse, or 308 ± 53 kg/m2. The degree of aggression differed between the front and rear loading space. Stocking density, environmental parameters, trailer characteristics, and transport duration and distance did not influence aggressiveness.

Heat balance, haematology and serum chemistry of layers under varying stocking density reared in locally fabricated metal-type cage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
K. O. Bello ◽  
A. E. Adiatu ◽  
M. O. Osunlakin ◽  
O. O. Oni
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fabricated Metal ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Metal Type

One hundred and thirty five 18weeks old Bovans Nera Black strain pullets were used in a 10week study to determine their heat balance and blood profile under varying stocking density in locally fabricated metal-type cage system. The cages were stocked 2, 3 and 4birds/cell. Daily ambient temperature and relative humidity of the cage and rectal temperature of the birds were taken and heat balance calculated. Record of Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood count (WBC) and differential of the birds were taken at beginning and end of the study for the haematological indices while blood glucose, total protein, Albumin and blood urea were taken for the bio-chemical measurements. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, and heat balance showed no significant (P>0.05) difference with cage stocking density. Cage stocking density had significant (P<0.05) effect on rectal temperature of layers. Bird stocked 3/cell recorded the least (41.14oC) rectal temperature while those stocked 4/cell recorded the highest (41.27oC). All the haematological parameters of the birds were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by stocking density of the cage type. Bio-chemical measurements were not significantly (P>0.05) different among layers under varying stocking density of the cage except total protein (P<0.05). Layers stocked 4/cell recorded highest (5.22g/dl) total protein while those stocked 3/cell had the least value (4.37g/dl). However, the values were within the normal range recommended for healthy chicken. The study concluded that locally fabricated metal-type battery cage could be used to rear layers and stocking density of 3birds/cell is ideal without compromising the welfare of the birds.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate on Incidence of Campylobacter spp. in Humans and Prevalence in Broiler Flocks in Denmark

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7474-7480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Evans Patrick ◽  
Lasse Engbo Christiansen ◽  
Michael Wainø ◽  
Steen Ethelberg ◽  
Henrik Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Single Predictor

ABSTRACT Campylobacter infections are increasing and pose a serious public health problem in Denmark. Infections in humans and broiler flocks show similar seasonality, suggesting that climate may play a role in infection. We examined the effects of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and hours of sunlight on Campylobacter incidence in humans and broiler flocks by using lag dependence functions, locally fitted linear models, and cross validation methods. For humans, the best model included average temperature and sunlight 4 weeks prior to infection; the maximum temperature lagged at 4 weeks was the best single predictor. For broilers, the average and maximum temperatures 3 weeks prior to slaughter gave the best estimate; the average temperature lagged at 3 weeks was the best single predictor. The combined effects of temperature and sunlight or the combined effects of temperature and relative humidity predicted the incidence in humans equally well. For broiler flock incidence these factors explained considerably less. Future research should focus on elements within the broiler environment that may be affected by climate, as well as the interaction of microclimatic factors on and around broiler farms. There is a need to quantify the contribution of broilers as a source of campylobacteriosis in humans and to further examine the effect of temperature on human incidence after this contribution is accounted for. Investigations should be conducted into food consumption and preparation practices and poultry sales that may vary by season.

scholarly journals Respon Fisiologis dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein pada Musim Kemarau Panjang di Dataran Tinggi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Didik Nurul Hadi ◽  
Nur Qoim Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari respon fisiologi, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah Frisian Holstein pada akhir musim kemarau panjang di Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole, Lembang, Bandung.  Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Parameter mikroklimat yang diamati antara lain adalah temperatur lingkungan, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, radiasi sinar matahari dalam kandang dan Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). Respon fisiologis yang diamati meliputi suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung. Nilai rerata THI (73.93±5.51) menunjukkan sapi perah berada dalam kondisi  stress ringan. Nilai rerata dari suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung secara berurutan 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13 ±3.00 dan 79.74±6.19. Nilai rerata persentase bahan kering, lemak dan protein susu secara berurutan 10,19 ± 0,72, 2,14 ± 0,38 dan 2,50 ± 0,32. Temperatur lingkungan yang tinggi  mempengaruhi respon fisiologis antara lain peningkatan denyut jantung yang lebih tinggi dari normal dan kualitas susu yang lebih rendah.   (Physiological responses and milk qualities of holstein friesian during long dry season at high altitude)ABSTRACT. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physiological responses and milk qualities of dairy cows in Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole West Bandung at the end of long dry season. Samples were determined by using purposive sampling method. Microclimate parameters  were included  ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, solar radiation and temperature-humidity index (THI). Physiological responses consisted of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate. The mean value of THI (73.93±5.51) showed that dairy cows suffered by heat stress. The mean value of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13±3.00 and 79.74±6.19 consecutively. The average percentage value of dry matter, fat and protein content in milk were 10.19±0.72, 2.14±0.38 and 2.50±0.32. High ambient temperature and low relative humidity affected physiological responses such as pulse rate that higher than normal,  and  lower milk yield.

Modeling of Ambient Environment and Thermal Status Relationship of Pig’s Body in a Pig Barn

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Kumar Basak ◽  
Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ◽  
Fawad Khan ◽  
Frank Gyan Okyere ◽  
Jihoon Park, Ara Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Thermal Status ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Body Surface Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Model Temperature

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of temperature model (T model), relative humidity model (H model), temperature-humidity model (TH model), and temperature-humidity index model (THI model) in predicting pig’s body surface temperature (PBT). Infrared Sensor (IR) was used to measure PBT at different locations: left side (LS), right side (RS), forehead (FH) and back side (BS). Ambient environmental parameters inside the room such as temperature (ART), relative humidity (RRH) and CO2 concentration were measured using livestock environment management system (LEMS). THI model was selected as the best model in making more accurate prediction in both training (R2=0.72, RMSE=0.80, RSE=0.26 and MAPE=2.08) and validation (R2=0.74, RMSE=1.10, RSE=0.40 and MAPE=2.80) stages. For more precise modeling, apart from temperature and humidity data other environmental factors inside pig’s barn (CO2 concentration, wind speed, air pressure etc.) as well as growth factors (body weight, feed intake etc.) may be included in models.

scholarly journals A Survey on Rice Crop Yield Prediction in India Using Improved Classification Technique

2019 ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Kolin Sukhadia ◽  
M. B. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Reference Crop

<p>India is an agricultural country. Agriculture is the important contributor to the Indian economy. There are many classification techniques like Support Vector Machine(SVM), LADTree, Natve Bayes, Bayesnet, K Nearest Neighbour(KNN), Locally Weighted Learning(LWL) on rice crop production datasets. They have some drawbacks like low accuracy and more errors. To achieve more significant result, To increase classification accuracy and reducing classification errors, our research uses classification method Bayesnet based adaboost will be proposed in work. Rice crop yield depend on environment's parameters like Rainfall, minimum temperature, average temperature, Maximum temperature, Vapour Pressure, potential evapotranspiration, reference crop evapotranspiration, cloud cover, wet day frequency for the kharif season. our dataset containing these environmental parameters for accurate prediction of Rice crop yield.</p>

DIAGNÓSTICO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE AVES DE CORTE EM DIFERENTES MUNICÍPIOS DO RS

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Zanandra Boff Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Poultry Farming

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico bioclimático para a produção de aves de corte em diferentes municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes ao período compreendido entre 1961 e 1990, disponíveis no site do INMET, para os municípios de: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guaporé, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, São Gabriel e Uruguaiana. Os valores do Índice de Umidade e Temperatura (ITU) para avicultura de corte foram calculados através da equação proposta por Bunffington et al. (1982). Os resultados demonstram que nas três primeiras semanas de vida dos animais, prevalece o ITU inferior ao de conforto, já a partir da terceira semana, prevalece o ITU superior ao de conforto. Na média dos municípios, o ITU fica na faixa de conforto durante quatro meses do ano para a criação de aves com uma, duas, três e seis semanas de vida e, cinco meses do ano para a criação de aves com quatro e cinco semanas de vida. Assim, o presente diagnóstico indica, para o RS, a necessidade de modificações no ambiente de criação, tanto de aquecimento quanto de resfriamento, para atender as das aves de corte em diferentes idades.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Índice de Temperatura e Umidade; Avicultura; Ambiência. BIOCLIMATIC DIAGNOSIS FOR BROILERS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT RIO GRANDE DO SUL MUNICIPALITIESABSTRACT: This study aimed the bioclimatic diagnosis of broilers  production in different municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. For this  average temperature compensated  (TMC) and offset relative humidity (URC) INMET data  from 1961 to 1990 were used. from the following municipalities: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guapore, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, Sao Gabriel, and Uruguaiana. The values of Temperature and Humidity Index (ITU) for poultry production were calculated using the equation proposed by Bunffington (1977). The results demonstrate that in the first three weeks of life of the animals, the prevailing ITU lower than comfort, as from the third week, reigns ITU higher than comfort. The average of the municipalities, the ITU is the comfort range for four months of the year for rearing birds with one, two, three and six weeks of life, and five months for poultry with four and five weeks life. Thus, the present diagnostic indicates to the RS, the need for changes in the environment, either as heating cooling, to meet as the broilers of cut at different ages.KEYWORDS: Temperature and Humidity Index; Poultry farming; Ambience.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Conditions during Weaned Pig Transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay D. Harmon ◽  
Steven J. Hoff ◽  
Thomas J. Baas ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Hongwei Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract.Transport of weaned pigs poses special challenges because of their size and thermal needs as well as the extended distances and transport times. The resultant economic impact can be substantial. Compared to transport of market pigs, weaned pigs generally encounter much farther travel distances with different adapting abilities to the environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were: 1) to characterize the environmental conditions within a typical transport trailer for weaned piglets to determine if current management practices and trailer design provides an acceptable environment as evidenced by mortality rates and environmental parameters, and 2) to analyze airflow patterns of the tranport trailer using a scale model in a wind tunnel. Data from 78 usable transport trips were collected for air temperature in each trailer compartment, ambient temperature,distance traveled, time traveled, stocking density, and mortality by compartment. The 78 trips had an average distance of 778 km (range of 264 to 1016 km), travel time of 8.51 h (range of 3.4 to 12.3 h), and mortality rate of 0.031% (range of 0 to 1.11%). There was no significant difference in mortality by compartment (p&gt;0.05). The results indicate that if pigs are transported at a higher stocking density, the compartment temperatures would be similar during cold weather (e.g., 2°C). Under mild weather condition (e.g., 16°C), significant differences could exist in compartment temperature between part of the upper deck (Upper 1) and the lower deck (Lower 4) (p&lt;0.05). In comparison, no significant differences were found at warm conditions (e.g., 29°C) (p&gt;0.05). In addition to the weather influence, in-trailer environment is affected by the side openings which may be adjusted by the driver. Keywords: Click here to enter keywords and key phrases, separated by commas, with a period at the end

scholarly journals Recent trends in climate of Bangalore

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
M. MOHAPATRA
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

The linear trends in the monthly, seasonal and annual mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, diurnal range of temperature, rainfall, relative humidities at 0830 & 1730 hr IST of Bangalore city and airport have been analysed based on the data for the period from 1960-95. The variation in surface wind over Bangalore during above period has also been studied to find out impact of urbanisation on weather parameters. It is found that Bangalore city is becoming warmer in terms of mean maximum & mean minimum temperatures. Rate of increase is significantly higher over Bangalore city (central observatory) than that over airport during winter months. Similarly the rising trend of average temperature of Bangalore city is higher than of Bangalore airport during October to April being significantly so during winter season. Also the diurnal range of temperature of Bangalore is becoming larger in winter months with the rising trend being higher over Bangalore city than over airport. Even though rainfall does not show any significant trend, the rising trend during monsoon & falling trend during post monsoon season over Bangalore city are higher than that of Bangalore airport. Also though both Bangalore city & airport show maximum rising trend in mean relative humidity at 0830 hr IST during winter, the rate of rise is less over Bangalore city. Similarly though the relative humidity at 1730 hr IST shows decreasing trend during all the seasons, the rate of decrease is less over Bangalore city for all seasons except post monsoon season. The mean maximum, minimum and average temperatures and relative humidities show cyclic variation of their monthly trend coefficients during the year.

scholarly journals Climate conditions associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial and macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-482
Author(s):  
L.C.A. Picinin ◽  
I.M. Toaldo ◽  
R.B. Hoff ◽  
F.N. Souza ◽  
M.O. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrocyclic Lactone ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Bulk Tank

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify the climate condition parameters that are associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial and macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk using a multivariate principal components analysis (PCA). A total of 132 raw milk samples were collected at dairy farms in Minas Gerais State in Brazil and analyzed for 35 analytes, comprising macrocyclic lactones and antibacterials, using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem mode spectrometry. Of the 132 samples, 34 (25.76%) bulk tank milk samples were positive for at least one analyte. PCA showed that antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk occurred less frequently on days with a higher average temperature, maximum temperature and temperature-humidity index. In contrast, relative humidity was inversely associated with antimicrobial residues in raw milk. The PCA showed that daily milk production was also related to macrocyclic lactone residues, while rainfall showed an inverse association. Thus, some climate conditions, such as average temperature, maximum temperature and temperature-humidity index, can predict the moments with lower risk of occurrence of antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk, in contrast to relative humidity. Furthermore, the risk of macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk was higher in months with less rainfall.

scholarly journals Thermal environment in two broiler barns during the first three weeks of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Osorio H. ◽  
Ilda F. F. Tinoco ◽  
Jairo A. Osorio S ◽  
Luciano B. Mendes ◽  
Keller S. O. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
South American ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Pressure Tunnel ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Temperature Maps

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the internal thermal environment of two broiler barns featuring different ventilation systems representative of Brazilian and South American poultry production industry: (a) a negative-pressure tunnel and (b) a positive-pressure lateral ventilation system. Environmental parameters such as dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index were assessed; temperature maps for day and night average conditions were determined for the first three weeks of life. Better uniformity of the thermal environment and comfort conditions inside the negative-pressure tunnel were found.

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