scholarly journals Hydrolyzed Yeast Supplementation in Calf Starter Promotes Innate Immune Responses in Holstein Calves under Weaning Stress Condition

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Eun Tae Kim ◽  
Hyo Gun Lee ◽  
Dong Hyeon Kim ◽  
Jun Kyu Son ◽  
Byeong-Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Control Calf ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Factor Α

Weaned calves are susceptible to infectious diseases because of the stress and malnutrition that occurs during weaning. Therefore, the dairy industry requires effective feed additives to ameliorate stress responses and promote immunity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed yeast (HY) supplementation on the growth performance, immune and stress parameters, and health status of calves after weaning. Eighteen Holstein calves were randomly assigned to two groups, either receiving a control calf starter or 0.2% HY calf starter from one week of age. All calves were weaned at six weeks of age as a stress challenge. The HY-fed calves had a significantly-higher body weight gain during the post-weaning period (kg/week) compared to the control. Cortisol levels at three days post-weaning (DPW) were significantly lower in the HY group than the control group. Calves fed HY had significantly-higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β at one DPW. The HY-fed calves also had higher concentrations of the acute-phase proteins, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and transferrin at one DPW. In addition, the diarrhea severity in HY-fed calves was milder after weaning compared to the control group. Our results indicate that HY supplementation reduces stress responses and may promote innate immunity in newly-weaned calves.

scholarly journals The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11511
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Naser Alhumam ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Sayed A. Quadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of zinc supplementation in testes of rats with experimentally induced diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1010-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neven M. Aziz ◽  
Maha Y. Kamel ◽  
Manar S. Mohamed ◽  
Sabreen M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Percent Area

One of the major obstacles that males with diabetes may confront is subfertility or infertility. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of co-administration of metformin and zinc (Zn) on the testes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group; untreated diabetic group; diabetic + metformin group, in which diabetic rats were treated orally with metformin (250 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks; and diabetic + metformin + Zn group, in which diabetic rats were treated orally with metformin in combination with Zn (10 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks. Concomitant administration of metformin and Zn produced a significant decrease in serum levels of glucose and insulin and testicular levels of malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor α. Additionally, there was a significant increase in serum levels of Zn, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as testicular total antioxidant capacity and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, when compared with both the diabetic and metformin-treated diabetic groups. Moreover, co-administration of Zn and metformin significantly improved testicular histopathology, with a significant reduction in percent area of collagen fibers and nuclear factor kappa B (p65) immunoreactivity and a significant increase in seminiferous tubule diameter and connexin 43 immunoreactivity as compared with the diabetic and metformin-treated diabetic groups. In conclusion, the combination of Zn and metformin was an efficacious and safe alternative treatment, as it had superior antihyperglycemic efficacy and provided additional benefits over metformin alone in rats with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Correlations of MIF polymorphism and serum levels of MIF with glucocorticoid sensitivity of sudden sensorineural hearing loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006051989387
Author(s):  
Wen-Yan Zhu ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Yong-Chi Ma ◽  
Zhi-Biao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucocorticoid Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Sensitive Group

Objective This study explored the relationship between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphism (−173G/C) and glucocorticoid sensitivity in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods A total of 120 patients with SSNHL were divided into a glucocorticoid-sensitive group and a glucocorticoid-resistant group. A group of 93 healthy individuals served as the control group. Serum MIF levels of the participants were measured and MIF genotyping was performed. Results The frequency of the MIF −173C allele was significantly higher in glucocorticoid-sensitive patients than in glucocorticoid-resistant patients. Serum MIF levels were significantly higher in SSNHL patients than in healthy controls, and higher in the glucocorticoid-sensitive group than in the glucocorticoid-resistant group of SSNHL patients, which was unexpected. Compared with patients with the GG genotype, patients with the −173C allele (GC and CC genotypes) had significantly higher levels of serum MIF and superoxide dismutase activity and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde. Conclusion The MIF −173G/C polymorphism is associated with glucocorticoid sensitivity in SSNHL patients. The C allele can result in higher MIF production, reduced oxidative stress, and greater glucocorticoid sensitivity.

scholarly journals Prophylactic Use of Meloxicam and Paracetamol in Peripartal Sows Suffering From Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoos ◽  
Ilias Chantziaras ◽  
Jordy Vandenabeele ◽  
Evelien Biebaut ◽  
Evelyne Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Health Parameters

Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS) is a major economic problem in modern sow farms. General treatment of PPDS consists of the use of oxytocin to promote milk ejection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate inflammatory processes. So far, studies investigated the use of a single administration of NSAIDs after parturition in healthy and non-healthy sows. The current study investigated whether administration of meloxicam or paracetamol in sows prior to parturition improves sow and piglet health as well as performance in a farm with PPDS problems in sows. Sixty sows and 978 piglets from a Belgian farrow-to-finish farm were enrolled. Sows were randomly divided into three groups: a non-treated control group, a meloxicam-treated group and a paracetamol-treated group. Treatment was administered orally for 7 days from gestation day 113 onwards. Performance and health parameters investigated in sows were gestation length, farrowing duration, litter characteristics, colostrum yield and quality (Immunoglobulin G), litter weight gain, weaning-to-estrus interval, pregnancy rate, rectal temperature, acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, interferon γ, interleukin 1β and 6 backfat, constipation and feed refusal. Performance and health parameters in piglets were birthweight, average daily weight gain, colostrum intake and mortality. Paracetamol-treated sows showed a significantly (P = 0.04) lower rectal temperature (mean ± SD: 38.09 ± 0.18°C) than the meloxicam-treated sows (38.24 ± 0.18°C), but not than the control group (38.22 ± 0.18°C). Sows of the paracetamol-treated group had a significantly (P = 0.001) longer gestation length (116.3 ± 0.9 days) than sows of the control group (115.3 ± 0.6 days), but not than meloxicam-treated sows (115.9 ± 0.9 days). No significant differences between the three groups were found for all the other parameters. In conclusion, the prophylactic oral administration of either meloxicam or paracetamol for 7 days starting 2 days prior to farrowing did not show beneficial effects on both health and performance parameters of sows and piglets.

Importance of Markers of Sepsis in Surgical Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Smolár ◽  
Ivana Dedinská ◽  
Michal Hošala ◽  
Július Mazúch ◽  
L'Udovit Laca
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Septic Condition

Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock represent a serious medicinal and general social problem and still maintain an important position among the present issues in the basic and clinical research. In the prospective analysis of patients satisfying the criteria of septic condition, we determined serum levels of bioparameters in three consecutive days from the first signs of sepsis depending on the stage or advancement of the septic condition. We determined the most significant parameter/parameters which are able to determine the stage of sepsis or to predict patient's death. In the group of 68 patients, all monitored biomarkers showed significant difference in serum concentrations versus the control group (P = 0.001). The strongest positive connection between the seriousness of sepsis and serum level is in case of procalcitonin. Predictor of mortality (r = -0.468; P = 0.001), transferrin (r = -0.506; P = 0.003), and tumor necrosis factor-α (r = 0.939; P = 0.001). Our results show that the monitored parameters (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin 6) have strong correlations between the serum levels and the stage of disease. Examination of at least one cytokine in normal clinical practice might lead to better interpretation of the patient's condition, determining the risk of death.

scholarly journals Assessment of Acute-Phase Protein Response Associated with the Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
José Espinosa ◽  
Rubén de la Morena ◽  
Julio Benavides ◽  
Carlos García-Pariente ◽  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Antibody Levels

In this study, the concentrations of two acute-phase proteins (APPs), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), were quantitatively assessed in serum samples from cattle naturally infected with paratuberculosis (PTB). APP profiles were compared across 190 animals classified according to the different pathological forms associated with infection: uninfected (n = 59), with focal lesions (n = 73), multifocal lesions (n = 19), and diffuse paucibacillary (n = 11) and diffuse multibacillary lesions (n = 28). Our results showed a significant increase in both APPs in infected animals compared to the control group, with differences depending on the type of lesion. Hp and SAA levels were increased significantly in all infected animals, except in cows with diffuse multibacillary lesions that showed similar values to non-infected animals. The expression pattern of both APPs was similar and negatively correlated with the antibody levels against PTB. These results indicate that the release of Hp and SAA is related to the presence of PTB lesions associated with a high cell-mediated immune response and a lower bacterial load, suggesting that the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are associated with these forms are the main stimulus for their synthesis. These molecules could show some potential to be used as putative biomarkers of PTB infection, particularly for the identification of subclinical animals showing pathological forms related to latency or resistance to the development of advanced lesions.

scholarly journals Application of Dexmedetomidine in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Prefilling

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582093976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Shaowei Wang ◽  
Zhen Xing ◽  
Fulong Li ◽  
Jinliang Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the application of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: A total of 60 patients undergoing elective cardiopulmonary bypass were divided into control (C) group and Dex group. In the Dex group, appropriate amount of Dex was added into the membrane lung prefilling solution before anesthesia induction, while those in control group were given normal saline. The levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at different times were measured. The levels of cardiac troponin I (CTNI), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) at different points (T0/T1/T2/T3/T4) in both groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: The intraoperative and postoperative levels of MAP and HR in the 2 groups were significantly lower than those preoperatively ( P < .05). The levels of MAP and HR in the Dex group were significantly lower than those of the C group ( P < .05). The levels of CTNI/MDA/IL-6/TNF-α at different points in both groups were significantly higher than those at T0 ( P < .05). The serum levels of CTNI, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α in the Dex group at T1/T2/T3/T4 were significantly lower than those in the C group ( P < .05). The rate of arrhythmia in the Dex group was significantly lower than that in the C group ( P < .05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine has a stable effect in cardiopulmonary priming solution.

scholarly journals Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Hsieh ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
W. Y. Chuang ◽  
M. H. Chen ◽  
S. C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Components

Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues.Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% <i>Pleurotus sajorcaju</i> stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% <i>Fammulina velutipes</i> stalk residue (FV).Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM.Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>) essential oil, avilamycin and protexin on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and carcass characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Riyazi ◽  
Y. Ebrahimnezhad ◽  
S. A. Hosseini ◽  
A. Meimandipour ◽  
A. Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract. The effects of a probiotic (protexin), a medicinal plant (basil essential oil) and an antibiotic growth promoter (avilamycin) as broiler feed additives on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broilers were studied. A total of 600 Arian broilers were divided into six treatments, with four replicates of 25 birds. Treatments were a plant essential oil in three levels (200, 400 and 600 ppm), the probiotic (150 ppm), the antibiotic (150 ppm) and a control group with no additives. Birds in different treatments received the same diets during the experimental period. Growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass traits were measured. There were no effects of dietary treatment on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the broilers. Internal organ weights and carcass characteristics were not influenced by treatments; however, 200 ppm basil essential oil supplementation decreased abdominal fat (P < 0.05). Biochemical parameters including serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol were not statistically influenced. However, addition of 400 ppm basil essential oil into diet increased serum triglyceride as compared to the control (P < 0.05). Results of this experiment demonstrated that the herbal natural feed additives such as basil may be used as alternatives to an antibiotic growth promoter without any adverse effects on broiler production.

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