scholarly journals Alpha-Ketoglutarate: An Effective Feed Supplement in Improving Bone Metabolism and Muscle Quality of Laying Hens: A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2420
Author(s):  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
Anna Arczewska-Włosek ◽  
Dorota Wojtysiak ◽  
Piotr Dobrowolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Laying Performance

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation on performance, serum hormonal indices, duodenum and jejunum histomorphometry, meat quality characteristics, bone quality traits and cartilage degradation in laying hens with a mature skeletal system. Forty-eight 30 week-old Bovans Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to a control group or the group fed the basal diet plus 1.0% AKG. The experimental trial lasted 30 weeks. The supplementation of AKG increases blood serum content of leptin, ghrelin, bone alkaline phosphatate and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand, while osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin decrease. While dietary AKG was given to laying hens negatively influenced villus length, crypt depth, villus/crypt ratio and absorptive surface area in duodenum and jejunum, these changes have no effect on feed intake, weight gain, nor laying performance. In breast muscles, no significant changes in skeletal muscle fatty acid composition were observed, however, a higher shear force and decreased cholesterol content following AKG supplementation were noted, showing the improvement of muscle quality. While dietary AKG supplementation did not affect the general geometric and mechanical properties of the tibia, it increased collagen synthesis and enhanced immature collagen content. In medullary bone, an increase of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, fractal dimension and decrease of trabecular space were observed in AKG supplemented group. The trabeculae in bone metaphysis were also significantly thicker after AKG supplementation. AKG promoted fibrillogenesis in articular cartilage, as indicated by increased cartilage oligomeric matrix protein immunoexpression. By improving the structure and maintaining the proper bone turnover rate of highly reactive and metabolically active medullar and trabecular bones AKG showed its anti-osteoporotic action in laying hens.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Dry Hydrastis canadensis on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Cecal Microbiota in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Tzuen-Rong J Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Yu Liu ◽  
Chiao-Wei Lin ◽  
Pei-En Chang ◽  
Pei-Xin Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Alternative growth promoters are able to not only effectively replace the traditional use of antibiotics but also provide additional health benefits for livestock and reduce food safety concerns. This study investigated the effects of dry Hydrastis canadensis on the laying performance and fecal microbial community of laying hens. Twenty-four Lohmann (LSL, white layer strain) hens were reared from 40 to 48 weeks of age and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (six birds/treatment). The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet with no treatment as control, a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots (R) or leaves (L), and a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of a mixture of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves (1:1, LR). No mortality was observed in the whole experimental period. The results indicated that albumen height in the LR group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The diet supplemented with Hydrastis canadensis had no significant effects on egg production rate, egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk height during the whole experimental phase. However, principal coordinate analysis, comparative heat map analysis, and cluster dendrogram analysis of cecal microbiota showed distinct clusters among the groups treated with Hydrastis canadensis and the control group. Regarding blood biochemical parameters, serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all Hydrastis canadensis-treated groups compared with those in the control group. Moreover, serum low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in hens supplemented with the leaf of Hydrastis canadensis. The abundances of the phyla Fusobacteria and Kiritimatiellaeota were increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed with 0.6% Hydrastis canadensis leaves, whereas the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in cecum digesta decreased in response to treatment with Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves. The relative abundance of the Fusobacterium genus was higher in the LR group compared with that in the control. On the contrary, we found a different trend in the Synergistes genus. The potential influences of these microbiota on the performance of laying hens were discussed. The results demonstrate that Hydrastis canadensis can improve the egg albumen height and modulate the cecum digesta microbiota composition of laying hens.

scholarly journals Effects of Ginger Extract on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen ◽  
Gu ◽  
Tao ◽  
Cheng ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger extract (GE) as a dietary supplement for laying hens. A total of 40-week-old 288 Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into two groups with six replicates, and fed a basal diet with or without 100 g/t GE for eight weeks. Dietary GE supplementation increased egg weight, albumin height, and Haugh unit of eggs, and decreased yolk cholesterol content and activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in serum at eight weeks. Moreover, GE resulted in higher total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content in yolk at four and eight weeks and in serum. It was concluded that GE was effective in increasing egg weight and improving the egg quality and antioxidant status of laying hens.

scholarly journals Radioprotective Effect of Sodium Selenite on Mandible of Irradiated Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Mayra Cristina Yamasaki ◽  
Rocharles CavalcanteFontenele ◽  
Yuri Nejaim ◽  
Deborah Queiroz Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Radioprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the radioprotective effect of selenium in the bone microarchitecture of irradiated rats mandibles. Forty rats were separated into 4 groups with 10 animals: control group (CG), irradiated group (IG), sodium selenite group (SSG) and sodium selenite irradiated group (SSIG). A single dose of 0.8 mg/kg sodium selenite was administered intraperitoneally in the SSG and SSIG groups. One hour later, animals of IG and SSIG groups were irradiated with 15 Gy of x-rays. Forty days after radiation a bilateral extraction of the mandibular first molars was performed. After the extraction procedure, five rats were killed after fifteen days and others five after thirty days. Micro- computed tomography was used to evaluate cortical and trabecular bone of each rat. The mean and standard deviation of each bone microarchitecture parameter were analyzed using the statistical test of two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). At 15 days, the bone volume presented higher values in the CG and SSG groups (p=0.001). The same groups presented statistically significant higher values when bone volume fraction (p<0.001) and trabecular thickness (p<0.001) were analyzed. At 30 days, it was observed that in relation to the bone volume fraction, SSG group presented the highest value while SSIG group had the lowest value, with statistically significant difference (p=0.016). Sodium selenite demonstrated a median radioprotective effect in the bone microarchitecture of irradiated mandibles, which indicates the substance may be a potential radioprotective agent against chronic effects of high doses of ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Content, Fatty Acid Profile and Health Lipid Indices in the Egg Yolk of Eggs from Hens at the End of the Laying Cycle, Following Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
Siemowit Muszyński ◽  
Anna Arczewska-Włosek ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
Renata Pyz-Łukasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Cont Group ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Total Fat

The current study aimed to assess the effects of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation to laying hens on the fatty acid (FA) profile and cholesterol levels of the egg yolk at the end of production cycle. The experiment was performed on forty-eight Bovans Brown laying hens randomly assigned to either a control group (CONT) or a group supplemented with AKG. The CONT group was fed the basal diet, and the AKG group was fed the basal diet plus 1.0% AKG from the 31st until the 60th week of age, when FA profile, fat and cholesterol content of the egg yolks were determined. No significant changes in the cholesterol and total fat content of the egg yolks were observed. However, there were positive (the decrease in n-6 FA and the increase in MUFA), and negative (decrease in PUFA and n-3 FA, increase in TI and n-6/n-3 ratio) changes in FA profile following AKG supplementation. In conclusion, it was shown that dietary AKG after a 30-week long supplementation influence FA profile in egg yolk and its nutritional value.

scholarly journals Etoricoxib decreases mouse subchondral bone mass and biomechanical properties in early osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Chen-Chen Ji ◽  
Yi-Jie Shao ◽  
Ting Liang ◽  
Jia-Heng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Early Oa

Abstract BackgroundEtoricoxib, a selective Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is commonly used in osteoarthritis (OA) for pain relief. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of Etoricoxib on mouse subchondral bone in early OA.MethodsOA was induced via destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in C57BL/6J mice. After surgery, the mice were randomly and equally divided into five groups: a sham-operated control group (Sham group), an osteoarthritis (OA) group (DMM group), an OA treated with Etoricoxib 5mg/kg (DMM+E5) group, an OA treated with Etoricoxib 10mg/kg (DMM+E10) group, and an OA treated with Etoricoxib 20mg/kg (DMM+E20) group. Mice in the Sham group and DMM group were injected with a similar dose of vehicle (40% ethyl alcohol–saline solution). Four weeks after treatment, mice were euthanized. Micro computed tomography (Mirco-CT) analysis, Safranin O-Fast Green staining, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were performed to evaluate morphological and structural changes. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis was performed to evaluate changes in the elastic modulus. Furthermore, changes in microstructure were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsEtoricoxib inhibited osteophyte formation in the subchondral bone. However, it also reduced the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), lowered trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and more microfractures and pores were observed in the subchondral bone. Moreover, Etoricoxib reduced the elastic modulus of subchondral bone. Furthermore, exposure to Etoricoxib further increased the empty/total osteocyte ratio of the subchondral bone. In cartilage and synovium, Etoricoxib did not significantly change the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, the modified Mankin score, and the synovialitis-score versus the DMM group. ConclusionOur results demonstrate that although Etoricoxib can relieve the pain induced by OA, it also has adverse effects on subchondral bone in early OA.

scholarly journals Bone microarchitectural parameters can detect oxytocin induced changes prior to bone density on mitigating bone deterioration in rabbit osteoporosis model using micro-CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyou Qiu ◽  
Cuisong Tang ◽  
Mario Serrano-Sosa ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Jingqi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Abstract Background This study is aimed to determine the efficacy of X-Ray Microtomography (micro-CT) in predicting oxytocin (OT) treatment response in rabbit osteoporosis(OP) model. Methods Sixty-five rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group, ovariectomy (OVX) -vehicle and OVX-oxytocin group. The controls underwent sham surgery. OVX-vehicle and OVX-oxytocin groups were subjected to bilateral OVX. The rabbits in OVX-oxytocin group were injected with oxytocin. In the 0th, 4th, 8th, 10th and 12th weeks post OVX operation, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone micro-architectural parameters were measured in three groups. Results Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), Trabecular Number (Tb.N), and Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th) decreased, while Trabecular Spacing (Tb.Sp) and Structure Model Index (SMI) increased overtime in all the three groups. In OVX-oxytocin group, the bone deterioration tendency is slowing down compared with that of the OVX-vehicle group. The BMD of the OVX-oxytocin group was significantly lower than those in the OVX-vehicle group at 12th week (P = 0.017). BV/TV and Tb.Sp in OVX-oxytocin group changed significantly from 8th week (P = 0.043) and 12th week (P = 0.014), which is earlier than that of BMD and other bone micro-architectural parameters. Conclusion BV/TV and Tb.Sp changed prior to BMD and other bone micro-architectural parameters with oxytocin intervention, which indicate that they are more sensitive markers for predicting early osteoporosis and treatment monitoring when using micro-CT to evaluate osteoporosis rabbit model.

scholarly journals The effect of a probiotic preparation containing Bacillus subtilis ATCC PTA-6737 on egg production and physiological parameters of laying hens

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Sobczak ◽  
Krzysztof Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Probiotic Preparation

Abstract A total of 288 Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly divided into two groups (9 replicates of 16 birds each). The hens were housed in three-tier battery cages for 26 weeks, including a two-week pre-laying period. All birds were fed iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets, and had free access to water. Control group (C) hens were fed a basal diet, and experimental group (BS) hens received a basal diet supplemented with a commercial probiotic preparation of Bacillus subtilis ATCC PTA- 6737 at 1×108 CFU/kg feed. The number and weight of eggs laid, feed intake, feed conversion, egg quality, the fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of yolk lipids, and selected blood biochemical parameters of hens were determined throughout the experiment. No significant differences (P>0.05) were noted between the groups in average egg weight, laying performance (%), daily feed intake or feed conversion. Eggs laid by BS group hens received significantly higher scores for yolk color (Roche yolk color fan) and albumen quality (Haugh units), and they were characterized by a significant improvement in shell thickness and breaking strength (P<0.05) in comparison with eggs laid by control group hens. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between the groups in the fatty acid profile of yolk lipids, except for a significant increase (P<0.05) in oleic acid concentrations in group BS. No significant differences (P>0.05) were noted between the groups in selected blood biochemical parameters of laying hens. Group BS eggs had a significantly lower (P<0.05) cholesterol content of yolk lipids. It can be concluded that a probiotic preparation containing Bacillus subtilis ATCC PTA-6737 had a beneficial influence on selected performance parameters of laying hens, egg quality and the cholesterol content of yolk lipids.

Microarchitecture and Biomechanical Evaluation of BoneCeramic Grafted Alveolar Defects during Tooth Movement in Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ru ◽  
Sean Shih-Yao Liu ◽  
Yuxing Bai ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Yunfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Objective: BoneCeramic can regenerate bone in alveolar defects, but it remains unknown whether it is feasible to move a tooth through BoneCeramic grafting sites. The objective of this study was to investigate three-dimensional real-time bone responses and micromechanical properties in the grafting sites during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss), and no graft, respectively, after the extraction of the left maxillary first molar. After 4 weeks, the maxillary left second molar was moved into the extraction for 28 days. Dynamic bone microstructures and root resorption were evaluated using in vivo micro-computed tomography and histology. Stress distribution of tooth roots and biomechanical properties of corresponding bone tissue were examined by finite element methods and nanoindentation. Mixed-model analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference among time points with Bonferroni post hoc tests at the significance level of P < .05. Results: The BoneCeramic group had the least amount of tooth movement and root resorption volume and craters, highest bone volume fraction, trabecular number, mean trabecular thickness, microhardness, and elastic modulus, followed by Bio-Oss and the control group. The highest stress accumulated in the cervical region of the mesial roots. Conclusion: BoneCeramic has better osteoconductive potential and biomechanical properties and induces less root resorption compared with Bio-Oss grafting and naturally recovered extraction site.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Modulates the Expressions of Proinflammatory Cytokines IL33 and IL17A, and Their Receptors ST2 and IL17RA, within the Articular Cartilage in Early Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jai-Hong Cheng ◽  
Shun-Wun Jhan ◽  
Chieh-Cheng Hsu ◽  
Hung-Wen Chiu ◽  
Shan-Ling Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave ◽  
Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Trabecular Number

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (AVNFH) is a disease caused by injury to the blood supply of the femoral head, resulting in a collapse with osteonecrosis and damage to the articular cartilage. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been demonstrated to improve AVNFH owing to its anti-inflammation activity, angiogenesis effect, and tissue regeneration in clinical treatment. However, there are still so many pieces of the jigsaw that need to be fit into place in order to ascertain the mechanism of ESWT for the treatment of AVNFH. The study demonstrated that ESWT significantly protected the trabecular bone volume fraction BV/TV ( P < 0.01 ) and the trabecular thickness ( P < 0.001 ), while in contrast, the trabecular number and trabecular separation were not significantly different after treatment as compared with AVNFH. ESWT protected the articular cartilage in animal model of AVNFH. The levels of IL1-β and IL33 were significantly induced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) as compared with Sham and ESWT groups and reduced in ESWT group ( P < 0.001 ) as compared with AVNFH group. In addition, the expression of the receptor of IL33, ST2, was reduced in AVNFH and induced after ESWT ( P < 0.001 ). The expression of IL17A was induced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) and reduced in the ESWT group ( P < 0.001 ). Further, the expression of the receptor of IL17A, IL17RA, was reduced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) and improved to a normal level in the ESWT group as compared with Sham group ( P < 0.001 ). Taken together, the results of the study indicated that ESWT modulated the expression of IL1-β, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL33 and IL17A, and their receptors ST2 and IL17RA, to protect against loss of the extracellular matrix in the articular cartilage of early AVNFH.

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