scholarly journals Non-Antibiotics Strategies to Control Salmonella Infection in Poultry

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez ◽  
Zuamí Villagrán ◽  
Juan José Valdez-Alarcón ◽  
Marcelino Martínez-Núñez ◽  
Lorena Jacqueline Gomez-Godínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Salmonella Control

Salmonella spp. is a facultative intracellular pathogen causing localized or systemic infections, involving economic and public health significance, and remains the leading pathogen of food safety concern worldwide, with poultry being the primary transmission vector. Antibiotics have been the main strategy for Salmonella control for many years, which has allowed producers to improve the growth and health of food-producing animals. However, the utilization of antibiotics has been reconsidered since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can quickly increase within microbial communities. The use of alternatives to antibiotics has been recommended and successfully applied in many countries, leading to the core aim of this review, focused on (1) describing the importance of Salmonella infection in poultry and the effects associated with the use of antibiotics for disease control; (2) discussing the use of feeding-based (prebiotics, probiotics, bacterial subproducts, phytobiotics) and non-feeding-based (bacteriophages, in ovo injection, vaccines) strategies in poultry production for Salmonella control; and (3) exploring the use of complementary strategies, highlighting those based on -omics tools, to assess the effects of using the available antibiotic-free alternatives and their role in lowering dependency on the existing antimicrobial substances to manage bacterial infections in poultry effectively.

scholarly journals PROPAGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT Salmonella spp. IN BIVALVE MOLLUSKS FROM ESTUARY AREAS OF BAHIA, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLA SILVA DA SILVEIRA ◽  
OSCARINA VIANA DE SOUSA ◽  
NORMA SUELY EVANGELISTA-BARRETO
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Development Of Resistance

ABSTRACT: In recent years, the emergence of resistant pathogens has complicated the treatment of bacterial infections in livestock production as well as in the medical field, due to the development of resistance mechanisms by microorganisms. The objective of this study was to delineate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from bivalve mollusks (oysters and mussels) and from estuarine environment water of two regions of Bahia, Brazil. Twenty-seven strains, 12 isolated from bivalve mollusks and 15 from estuarine water, were tested. Eight antimicrobial agents (phenicol, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones and fluoroquinolones classes) were used for a susceptibility test, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production. Isolates showed high susceptibility to the classes of antimicrobial agents tested, with resistance only to nalidixic acid (27%), ampicillin (25%) and tetracycline (25%). Bacterial resistance was of chromosomal origin and the multidrug resistance index (MAR) among isolates of shellfish (mussels in natura) was 0.25. The MIC was found to be 100 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL and 350 µg/mL to nalidixic acid, ampicillin and tetracycline, respectively. None of the isolates presented ESBLs production. The presence of multidrug-resistant and high MIC Salmonella spp. is being conveyed in extraction areas of bivalve mollusks in the State of Bahia, Brazil.

scholarly journals Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance by genes qnrA1 and qnrB19 in Salmonella strains isolated in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 496-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Ferrari ◽  
Antonio Galiana ◽  
Rosa Cremades ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodriguez ◽  
Marciane Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
Microbial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Selection Of

Considering the importance of the mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance, this study evaluate the presence of PMQR in 126 epidemic and not epidemic strains of Salmonella spp. It was noted that presence of PMQR, by itself, did not generate resistance to ciprofloxacin;  but detection of qnr genes in Salmonella spp. and the identification of the qnrB19 variant in a strain of poultry origin alert for the indiscriminate use of quinolones in poultry production, that can result in a pressure for mutant selection of resistant strains with a clinical limitation use of FQs in the near future. And last but not least, is the need to continued study of resistance mechanisms and to monitor the microbial resistance profile of epidemiological strains.

scholarly journals Klebsiella spp. in the pathology of poultry and their role in epidemiology of human foodborne diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalczyk ◽  
Marcin Śmiałek ◽  
Bartłomiej Tykałowski ◽  
Andrzej Koncicki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

One of the important problems, increasing successively, in intensive poultry production are bacterial infections, and the major reason of this inconvenient situation is increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. In most cases infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Additionally, bacteria Klebsiella spp. are isolated from many pathological conditions of poultry. To date these bacteria were isolated from dead embryos, yolk sac infections, pathological conditions associated with ascites, cellulitis, diseases with respiratory symptoms and from skin swabs of poultry carcasses. Klebsiella spp. are considered to be microbes of low pathogenicity, but in the case of birds’ immunosuppression they can intensify the course of primary infections. Moreover, an alarming fact is the very wide antimicrobial resistance of strains of these bacteria, and Klebsiella spp. is the frequent cause of critical infections in humans. The presence of these bacteria in poultry, and therefore the possibility of contamination of poultry carcasses, especially if processed without correct heat treatment, may serve as a source of infections for humans, which has been described in the past in studies with the use of phylogenetic analysis.

Development of Peptides that Inhibit Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and β-Lactamases for Control of Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1026
Author(s):  
Bruna O. Costa ◽  
Marlon H. Cardoso ◽  
Octávio L. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Target Interaction ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

: Aminoglycosides and β-lactams are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. This occurs because they are capable of acting in the treatment of acute bacterial infections. However, the effectiveness of antibiotics has been constantly threatened due to bacterial pathogens producing resistance enzymes. Among them, the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and β-lactamase enzymes are the most frequently reported resistance mechanisms. AMEs can inactivate aminoglycosides by adding specific chemical molecules in the compound, whereas β-lactamases hydrolyze the β-lactams ring, preventing drug-target interaction. Thus, these enzymes provide a scenario of multidrug-resistance and a significant threat to public health at a global level. In response to this challenge, in recent decades, several studies have focused on the development of inhibitors that can restore aminoglycosides and β-lactams activity. In this context, peptides appear as a promising approach in the field of inhibitors for future antibacterial therapies, as multiresistant bacteria may be susceptible to these molecules. Therefore, this review focused on the most recent findings related to peptide-based inhibitors that act on AMEs and β-lactamases, and how these molecules could be used for future treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles as Modulators of Myogenesis-Related Gene Expression in Chicken Embryos

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Walaa A. Husseiny ◽  
Abeer A. I. Hassanin ◽  
Adel A. S. El Nabtiti ◽  
Karim Khalil ◽  
Ahmed Elaswad
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Myogenic Factor

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of colloidal nanoparticles of silver (Nano-Ag) on the expression of myogenesis-related genes in chicken embryos. The investigated genes included the members of the myogenic regulatory factors family (MRFs) and myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) genes. A total of 200 fertilized broiler eggs (Indian River) were randomly distributed into four groups; non-injected control, injected control with placebo, treatment I in ovo injected with 20 ppm Nano-Ag, and treatment II in ovo injected with 40 ppm Nano-Ag. The eggs were then incubated for 21 days at the optimum temperature and humidity conditions. Breast muscle tissues were collected at the 5th, 8th, and 18th days of the incubation period. The mRNA expression of myogenic determination factor 1 (MYOD1), myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), myogenic factor 6 (MYF6), myogenin (MYOG), and MEF2A was measured at the three sampling points using real-time quantitative PCR, while MYOD1 protein expression was evaluated on day 18 using western blot. Breast muscle tissues were histologically examined on day 18 to detect the changes at the cellular level. Our results indicate that myogenesis was enhanced with the low concentration (20 ppm) of Nano-Ag due to the higher expression of MYOD1, MYF5, and MYF6 at the transcriptional level and MYOD1 at the translational level. Moreover, histological analysis revealed the presence of hyperplasia (31.4% more muscle fibers) in treatment I (injected with 20 ppm). Our findings indicate that in ovo injection of 20 ppm Nano-Ag enhances the development of muscles in chicken embryos compared with the 40-ppm dosage and provide crucial information for the use of silver nanoparticles in poultry production.

scholarly journals Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
Filippo Prencipe ◽  
Anna Zanfardino ◽  
Michela Di Napoli ◽  
Filomena Rossi ◽  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Catalytic Chemistry

The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of silver resistance and the effectiveness at low concentration as well as to their low toxicities compared to the most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively employed to coordinate transition metals mainly for catalytic chemistry. However, more recently, NHC ligands have been applied as carrier molecules for metals in anticancer applications. In the present study we selected from literature two NHC-carbene based on acridinescaffoldand detailed nonclassicalpyrazole derived mono NHC-Ag neutral and bis NHC-Ag cationic complexes. Their inhibitor effect on bacterial strains Gram-negative and positivewas evaluated. Imidazolium NHC silver complex containing the acridine chromophore showed effectiveness at extremely low MIC values. Although pyrazole NHC silver complexes are less active than the acridine NHC-silver, they represent the first example of this class of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Moreover all complexesare not toxic and they show not significant activity againstmammalian cells (Hek lines) after 4 and 24 h. Based on our experimental evidence, we are confident that this promising class of complexes could represent a valuable starting point for developing candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections, delivering great effectiveness and avoiding the development of resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Use of Bacteriophages in the Poultry Industry

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Żbikowska ◽  
Monika Michalczuk ◽  
Beata Dolka
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Public Health And Safety

The emergence of multidrug-resistant infections and antibiotic failures have raised concerns over human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Poultry production has had to confront the problems of an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, including zoonotic pathogens. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis have been the most frequently reported human foodborne diseases linked to poultry. This situation has strongly stimulated a renewal of scientists’ interest in bacteriophages (phages) since the beginning of the 21st century. Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. They are abundant in nature, and accompany bacteria in each environment they colonize, including human microbiota. In this review, we focused on the use of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to treat infections and reduce counts of pathogenic bacteria in poultry, as biocontrol agents to eliminate foodborne pathogens on/in food, and also as disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses in industrial conditions. Most of the phage-based products are targeted against the main foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens. Phages are currently addressed at all stages of the poultry production "from farm to fork", however, their implementation into live birds and food products still provokes discussions especially in the context of the current legal framework, limitations, as well as public health and safety.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity, Epidemiology and Virulence Factors of Salmonella species: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamègnon Victorien DOUGNON ◽  
Boris LEGBA ◽  
Esther DEGUENON ◽  
Gildas HOUNMANOU ◽  
Jerrold AGBANKPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Salmonella Control

Salmonella infections are major public health problems worldwide. The hereby review aimed to establish an overview on the pathogenicity, epidemiology and virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world. A systematic search was conducted online using the keywords ‘Salmonella’, ‘Salmonella spp.’, ‘Salmonella spp. Epidemiology’, ‘virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world’, ‘bacteria responsible for the contamination of meat products’, ‘non-typhoid salmonella’. These keywords were entered into databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using mainly French language. The obtained articles were included based on the reliability of their source, the study area (usually Benin and Africa) and the subject. The review revealed that Salmonella spp. is motile Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, of the family Enterobacteriaceae, currently counting more than 2,600 serovars. Human contamination occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water and food and can cause gastroenteritis or typhoid fever, which are two serious public health problems. A gene set constituting the pathogenicity islands determines the pathogenesis of Salmonella spp. The diagnosis is based on bacteriological, serological and molecular techniques. Salmonella infections are usually treated using antibiotics; however, emergence of antibiotic resistance in these microorganisms suggests that the anti-salmonella control should explore new sources such as medicinal plants

scholarly journals Embryonic Thermal Manipulation and in ovo Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Supplementation Regulating the Chick Weight and Stress-Related Genes at Hatch

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshat Goel ◽  
Chris Major Ncho ◽  
Chae-Mi Jeong ◽  
Yang-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Thermal Manipulation

Chickens are exposed to numerous types of stress from hatching to shipping, influencing poultry production. Embryonic manipulation may develop resistance against several stressors. This study investigates the effects of thermoneutral temperature (T0; 37.8°C) with no injection (N0) (T0N0), T0 with 0.6 ml of 10% in ovo gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation (N1) at 17.5th embryonic day (ED) (T0N1), thermal manipulation (T1) at 39.6°C from the 10th to 18th ED (6 h/day) with N0 (T1N0), and T1 with N1 (T1N1) on hatchability parameters and hepatic expression of stress-related genes in day-old Arbor Acres chicks. The parameters determined were hatchability, body weight (BW), organ weight, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant-related gene expression. Percent hatchability was calculated on a fertile egg basis. Growth performance was analyzed using each chick as an experimental unit. Eight birds per group were used for organ weight. Two-way ANOVA was used taking temperature and GABA as the main effect for growth performance and gene expression studies. Analysis was performed using an IBM SPSS statistics software package 25.0 (IBM software, Chicago, IL, USA). Hatchability was similar in all the groups and was slightly lower in the T1N1. Higher BW was recorded in both T1 and N1. Intestinal weight and MDA were higher in T0N1 against T0N0 and T1N1, respectively. The expression of HSP70, HSP90, NOX1, and NOX4 genes was higher and SOD and CAT genes were lower in the T1 group. The present results show that T1 and N1 independently improve the BW of broiler chicks at hatch, but T1 strongly regulates stress-related gene expression and suggests that both T1 and N1 during incubation can improve performance and alleviate stress after hatch.

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