scholarly journals Speciation and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Ocular Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
John E. Romanowski ◽  
Shannon V. Nayyar ◽  
Eric G. Romanowski ◽  
Vishal Jhanji ◽  
Robert M. Q. Shanks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Biochemical System ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Intravitreal Treatment ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequently occurring ocular opportunistic pathogens that are not easily identifiable to the species level. The goal of this study was to speciate CoNS and document antibiotic susceptibilities from cases of endophthalmitis (n = 50), keratitis (n = 50), and conjunctivitis/blepharitis (n = 50) for empiric therapy. All 150 isolates of CoNS were speciated using (1) API Staph (biochemical system), (2) Biolog GEN III Microplates (phenotypic substrate system), and (3) DNA sequencing of the sodA gene. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibilities for topical and intravitreal treatment were determined based on serum standards. CoNS identification to the species level by all three methods indicated that S. epidermidis was the predominant species of CoNS isolated from cases of endophthalmitis (84–90%), keratitis (80–86%), and conjunctivitis/blepharitis (62–68%). Identifications indicated different distributions of CoNS species among endophthalmitis (6), keratitis (10), and conjunctivitis/blepharitis (13). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles support empiric treatment of endophthalmitis with vancomycin, and keratitis treatment with cefazolin or vancomycin. There was no clear antibiotic choice for conjunctivitis/blepharitis. S. epidermidis was the most frequently found CoNS ocular pathogen, and infection by other CoNS appears to be less specific and random. Antibiotic resistance does not appear to be a serious problem associated with CoNS.

scholarly journals Insights into the pan-microbiome: skin microbial communities of Chinese individuals differ from other racial groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus H. Y. Leung ◽  
David Wilkins ◽  
Patrick K. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Skin Site ◽  
Community Membership ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Host Properties

Abstract Many studies have characterized microbiomes of western individuals. However, studies involving non-westerners are scarce. This study characterizes the skin microbiomes of Chinese individuals. Skin-associated genera, including Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Enhydrobacter were prevalent. Extensive inter-individual microbiome variations were detected, with core genera present in all individuals constituting a minority of genera detected. Species-level analyses presented dominance of potential opportunistic pathogens in respective genera. Host properties including age, gender and household were associated with variations in community structure. For all sampled sites, skin microbiomes within an individual is more similar than that of different co-habiting individuals, which is in turn more similar than individuals living in different households. Network analyses highlighted general and skin-site specific relationships between genera. Comparison of microbiomes from different population groups revealed race-based clustering explained by community membership (Global R = 0.968) and structure (Global R = 0.589), contributing to enlargement of the skin pan-microbiome. This study provides the foundation for subsequent in-depth characterization and microbial interactive analyses on the skin and other parts of the human body in different racial groups and an appreciation that the human skin pan-microbiome can be much larger than that of a single population.

scholarly journals Is Staphylococcus lugdunensis Significant in Clinical Samples?

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 3167-3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Argemi ◽  
Yves Hansmann ◽  
Philippe Riegel ◽  
Gilles Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Microbiological Data

ABSTRACTThe implication of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human diseases is a major issue, particularly in hospital settings wherein these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. In addition, some coagulase-negative staphylococci such asS. lugdunensishave emerged as pathogenic bacteria, implicated in severe infections, particularly, osteoarticular infections, foreign-body-associated infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis.In vitrostudies have shown the presence of several putative virulence factors such as adhesion factors, biofilm production, and proteolytic factors that might explain clinical manifestations. Taken together, the clinical and microbiological data might change the way clinicians and microbiologists look atS. lugdunensisin clinical samples.

Identification of Hemolysin encoding Genes and their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Nasaj ◽  
Zahra Saeidi ◽  
Babak Asghari ◽  
Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽  
Mohammad Arabestani
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Objection : Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered opportunistic pathogens which capable of producing several toxins, enzymes and also resistance genes. The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of different hemolysins and patterns of antibiotic resistance among CoNS species. Results : The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin in 49 isolates (53.8%), and the lowest resistance was against novobiocin in 5 isolates (5.5%). None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The prevalence of hla, hla_yidD, hld, and hlb genes were determined as 87.9%, 62.6%, 56%, and 47.3%, respectively. The hla/yidD and hld genes were detected in 69.4% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 94.6% of S. haemolyticus ; hlb gene was detected in 53.1% of the S. epidermidis isolates. mecA gene was identified in 50 (55%) of the CoNS isolates. In conclusion, the results of statistical analysis showed that the hld gene had a significant association with resistance to levofloxacin and erythromycin and the hlb with clindamycin resistance. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between hemolysin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns; therefore, detection of virulence factors associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant issue of concern.

scholarly journals Study of aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Karimsab ◽  
SK Razak
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Conjunctival Flora ◽  
Normal Bacterial Flora

Introduction: Normal bacterial flora may be altered by a variety of factors. Objective: To study the aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus and to find its clinical significance by comparing the results to the conjunctival flora of non-diabetic subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 75 diabetic patients were included as cases and 25 nondiabetics as controls to compare the results. Specimens for the study of conjunctival flora were taken by rubbing sterile cotton-tipped swabs to the inferior palbebral conjunctiva. The conjunctival culture report of the patients with diabetic mellitus was compared to that of nondiabetic subjects. Results: Positive conjunctival cultures were seen in a higher percentage of patients with diabetes (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 34.66 % and 58.66 % respectively) compared to that in non-diabetic controls (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 24 % and 16 % respectively). Diabetics showed a higher proportion of coagulase negative staphylococci (45.33 %), compared to the non-diabetic group (16 %). Among the diabetic patients, positive conjunctival cultures were detected more frequently in those with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. A higher proportions of bilateral positive conjunctival cultures were seen in cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (38.63 %) in comparison to patients with no retinopathy and different stages of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: The conjunctival floral pattern with increased bacteria in diabetics is a predominant cause of many diabetes-related ocular infections. The presence of diabetic retinopathy is an indicator for increased colonization of conjunctiva, and its severity correlates with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):28-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7818

scholarly journals In vivo antimicrobial activity of 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops in patients undergoing intravitreal injections: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Tognetto ◽  
Marco R. Pastore ◽  
Lorenzo Belfanti ◽  
Riccardo Merli ◽  
Alex L. Vinciguerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intravitreal Treatment ◽  
Preservative Free

AbstractTo investigate the antimicrobial activity of a preservative-free 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drop as an antiseptic procedure in decreasing the conjunctival bacterial load in eyes scheduled for intravitreal treatment and to compare its efficacy to the untreated fellow eye used as the control group. Prospective cohort analysis in which 208 patients received preservative-free 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops three times a day for three days before intravitreal injection. Before and after the prophylactic treatment, a conjunctival swab was collected from both the study eye and the untreated contralateral eye, used as control. The swab was inoculated on different culture media and the colony-forming units were counted. Bacteria and fungi were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Treatment with 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops significantly reduced the conjunctival bacterial load from baseline (p < 0.001 for blood agar and p < 0.001 for chocolate agar) with an eradication rate of 80%. The most commonly isolated pathogen at each time-point and in both groups was coagulase-negative Staphylococci, isolated in 84% of the positive cultures. The study provides evidence about the effectiveness of 0.6% povidone-iodine eye drops treatment in reducing the conjunctival bacterial load in eyes scheduled for intravitreal treatment.

scholarly journals Post-operative ocular infection due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 742-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraman Kaliamurthy ◽  
Vincenzo Cuteri ◽  
Nelson Jesudasen ◽  
Amjad Salman ◽  
Philip A Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intravitreal Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subspecies Equisimilis

Ocular infections due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis are rare. In the present report, three patients with a history of uncomplicated small incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation developed exogenous endophthalmitis due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. The identification of the organisms was confirmed by PCR for a 16S rRNA sequence specific to the species S. dysgalactiae. Intravitreal treatment of cefazolin and amikacin, in addition to topical ofloxacin and tobramycin, resulted in resolution of infection in all three patients. Our reports indicate the importance of bacterial culture and molecular identification in the diagnosis of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis infection in the eye.

scholarly journals Microbiological Isolates and Antibiotic Susceptibilities in Cases of Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis: A 15-Year Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chunhong Liu ◽  
Jian Ji ◽  
Zhujian Wang ◽  
Huiwen Chen ◽  
Wenjun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis ◽  
Over Time

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates in posttraumatic endophthalmitis over a 15-year period. Methods. A retrospective study of 3,163 posttraumatic endophthalmitis cases was conducted between July 2004 and July 2019. The outcome measures included the microbiological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibilities. Chi-squared tests were conducted to detect trends in changes in antibiotic sensitivity over the 15-year period. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Of the 3,163 cases of posttraumatic endophthalmitis, 1,003 culture-positive isolates were identified. Among these, there were 848 (84.5%) Gram-positive isolates, 109 (10.9%) Gram-negative isolates, and 46 (4.6%) fungal isolates. The most common isolates were Staphylococcal species. There was a significant increase in the percentage of fungal isolates over the 15-year period (P=0.02). Gram-positive organisms showed the greatest level of susceptibility to vancomycin (99.6%). The susceptibilities of the 109 Gram-negative isolated organisms were as follows: levofloxacin (95.8%), meropenem (95.7%), ciprofloxacin (93.5%), tobramycin (90.8%), imipenem (88.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (87.7%), ertapenem (80%), and ceftazidime (79.1%). The susceptibility of Gram-positive organisms to several antibiotics, including levofloxacin (P=0.004), ciprofloxacin (P<0.001), and chloramphenicol (P=0.001) decreased over time, whereas the susceptibility to TMP-SMX increased over time (P<0.001). The susceptibility of Gram-negative bacilli to ceftazidime decreased over time (P=0.03). Conclusions. Over the 15-year study period, most isolates were Gram-positive cocci, especially coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Vancomycin seemed to be the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria appeared to be most susceptible to fluoroquinolones. A number of antibiotics showed an increasing trend of microbial resistance.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of the Potential Zoonotic Pathogens Staphylococcus felis and Staphylococcus kloosii

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline Mascarenhas dos Santos ◽  
Ruili Jie ◽  
Helena Antunes Godoy ◽  
Manuela Alves ◽  
Jean-François Pombert
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Potential Reservoir

ABSTRACT Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens frequently encountered in nosocomial infections. Animal-associated CoNS pose a zoonotic risk and constitute a potential reservoir for virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. To improve our knowledge of animal-associated CoNS, we sequenced the complete genomes of Staphylococcus felis (ATCC 49168) and Staphylococcus kloosii (ATCC 43959).

A 12-Month Review of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis in Western Australia: Is Empiric Vancomycin Still Indicated for Some Patients?

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Kan ◽  
Mark A.B. Thomas ◽  
Christopher H. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Fungal Peritonitis ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guidelines recommend empiric therapy with cefazolin and ceftazidime for peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. Empiric cefazolin therapy may have diminishing efficacy because of emerging methicillin resistance in gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Western Australia also has large numbers of Aboriginal and isolated regional patients, where giving these antimicrobials can be impractical. Objectives To evaluate, based on local antimicrobial resistance patterns, the feasibility of following ISPD guidelines in Western Australia and to identify any subgroups of PD peritonitis patients that may benefit from alternative empiric intraperitoneal antibiotics ( e.g., vancomycin). Study Design Retrospective study of all PD peritonitis episodes in Western Australia from 1 February 2000 to 31 January 2001. Setting Three adult tertiary referral university hospitals and their PD patients in metropolitan Perth and regional Western Australia. Patients All adults on PD in Western Australia. Main Outcome Measure Isolates and antibiograms were analyzed versus patient characteristics, including race and patient demographics. Results 293 patients (28% Aborigines, 32% regional patients) received PD. 145 episodes of PD peritonitis occurred during the study. The overall PD peritonitis rate was 1 episode/16 patient months, with Aborigines having 1 episode/10.5 patient months versus non-Aborigines having 1 episode/17 patient months p (< 0.001). 36% of isolates from PD peritonitis episodes were resistant to cefazolin or ceftazidime. 22% were methicillin-resistant GPB (MR-GPB) [18% coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 1.6% MR Staphylococcus aureus]; 2.5% were multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB); 5.7% were polymicrobial (MR-GPB and/or MDR-GNB); and 5.7% were fungal. 63% of CoNS were methicillin resistant. Non-Aboriginal patients yielded MR-GPB in 22% of isolates versus 23% in Aborigines ( p = 0.9). Six of seven cases of fungal peritonitis occurred inAboriginal patients ( p < 0.001). Conclusions In our study population the ISPD guidelines were appropriate for 64% of patients with PD peritonitis. We could not identify specific patient subgroups where empiric cefazolin use could be more effective. High proportions of MR-GPB PD peritonitis episodes, along with local factors, make empiric cefazolin unsuitable for many regional PD patients in Western Australia.

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