scholarly journals Daily Administered Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy Provides a Sustained Antibacterial Effect on Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Sakari Nikinmaa ◽  
Anna Podonyi ◽  
Peter Raivio ◽  
Jukka Meurman ◽  
Timo Sorsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Light Components ◽  
The One

New means to reduce excessive antibiotic use are urgently needed. This study tested dual-light aPDT against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm with different relative ratios of light energy with indocyanine green. We applied single-light aPDT (810 nm aPDT, 405 aBL) or dual-light aPDT (simultaneous 810 nm aPDT and 405 nm aBL), in both cases, together with the ICG photosensitizer with constant energy of 100 or 200 J/cm2. Single-dose light exposures were given after one-day, three-day, or six-day biofilm incubations. A repeated daily dose of identical light energy was applied during biofilm incubations for the three- and six-day biofilms. Using 100 J/cm2 light energy against the one-day biofilm, the dual-light aPDT consisting of more than half of aBL was the most effective. On a three-day maturated biofilm, single-dose exposure to aPDT or dual-light aPDT was more effective than aBL alone. With total light energy of 200 J/cm2, all dual-light treatments were effective. Dual-light aPDT improves the bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm compared to aPDT or aBL and provides a sustained effect. An increase in the relative ratio of aBL strengthens the antibacterial effect, mainly when the treatment is repeatedly applied. Thus, the light components’ energy ratio is essential with dual-light.

scholarly journals Antibiotics for Spinal Cord Stimulation Trials and Implants: A Survey Analysis of Practice Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syena Sarrafpour ◽  
Jamal Hasoon ◽  
Ivan Urits ◽  
Omar Viswanath ◽  
Farnad Imani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Practice Parameters ◽  
American Society

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established treatment modality for neuropathic pain. Published guidelines exist to aid physicians in proper antibiotic use during and after spinal cord stimulation trials and implants. In this brief review, we present and analyze the current antibiotic practice patterns of clinicians. Methods: The study protocol was reviewed and granted an exemption by an Institutional Review Board. The survey queried practice parameters in regards to spinal cord stimulation therapy. The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and Society of Interventional Spine (SIS) distributed the survey to their active members by emails with a web link to the survey. Results: Our results indicate that 82% and 69% of physicians do not utilize nasal swabs for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), respectively, prior to SCS trial and implantation. During trials, 47% providers administer a single dose of antibiotics, 35% administer antibiotics for the duration of the trial, and 17% do not administer antibiotics. During implantation, 44% of physicians administer a single dose during the procedure, 11% administer antibiotics up to 24 hours, 24% administer antibiotics between 3-5 days, 14% administer antibiotics for more than 5 days, and 4% do not administer antibiotics. Conclusions: Our study suggests a portion of pain physicians do not adhere to the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) guidelines in regards to antibiotic administration for SCS trial and implantation. Further analysis and surveys would allow insight into common practices. More information and education would be beneficial to optimize peri-procedure antibiotic use to reduce infection risk and decrease antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E Castro ◽  
J.M Ribeiro ◽  
T.T Diniz ◽  
A.C Almeida ◽  
L.C Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lippia Sidoides

The antibacterial effect of Lippia sidoides (rosemary pepper) essential oil was tested against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from homemade Minas cheese produced in Brazil. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determined in the Dilution Test was 13 µL oil mL-1 for both bacteria, which characterizes inhibitory action in broth for a 24-hour interaction period. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) determined in the Suspension Test, with one minute of contact, was 25 µL oil mL-1 for both tested bacteria, obtaining at this concentration a bactericidal effect of 99.9% on the viable bacterial cells from each sample. Results demonstrated the bacterial activity of Lippia sidoides essential oil against S. aureus and E. coli, suggesting its use as an antibacterial agent in foods.

scholarly journals Polyprenols ofGinkgo bilobaEnhance Antibacterial Activity of Five Classes of Antibiotics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tao ◽  
Chengzhang Wang ◽  
Jianzhong Ye ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Hongxia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Gentamicin Sulfate ◽  
Mic Value

Polyprenol (GBP) fromGinkgo bilobaLeaves (GBL) is an important lipid with many bioactive effects. The effect of GBP on antibacterial properties of five antibiotics belonging to different classes was through analysis of inhibition halos, MIC, and FIC index. And we studied the time-killing curves and Ca2+mobilization assay inStaphylococcus aureuscells treated with GBP microemulsion and gentamicin sulfate under MIC/2 conditions. These results showed that the GBP microemulsion (average diameter 90.2 nm) combining with gentamicin sulfate had the highest enhancing antibacterial effect againstStaphylococcus aureus, and the MIC value was 33.0 μg/mL. The increase of the antibacterial effect of tested antibiotics was positively correlated with the decrease of the average diameter of GBP microemulsion. Moreover, GBP microemulsion enhanced antibacterial effect and prolonged antibacterial time of GBP combining with gentamicin sulfate againstStaphylococcus aureus. GBP microemulsion could enhance the ability of gentamicin inducing an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations toStaphylococcus aureus. GBP microemulsion could help some classes of antibiotics to inhibit or kill bacteria. This study supports the fact that GBP microemulsion obviously can not only reduce the dosage of some classes of antibiotics, but also reduce the frequency of the antibiotic usein vitro.

scholarly journals Synergistic antibacterial combination of Lavandula latifolia Medik. essential oil with camphor

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursenem Karaca ◽  
Görkem Şener ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
Fatih Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Lavandula Latifolia

AbstractCombination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L. latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range: 0.16–20 mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range: 0.125–16 μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25–5 mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L. latifolia essential oil–camphor combinations were identified as “synergistic (FIC ≤ 0.5), and additive (0.5 < FIC ≤ 1)” in the respective combinations, suggesting further evaluation for formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals The bactericidal effect of vancomycin is not altered by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, dexamethasone, or lidocaine in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schwerdt ◽  
Eric Röhner ◽  
Sabrina Böhle ◽  
Benjamin Jacob ◽  
Georg Matziolis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

AbstractOne of the most challenging complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). There is growing evidence of a good anti-infective effect of intrawound vancomycin powder in total joint arthroplasty. At the same time, various different locally applied substances have become popular in total joint arthroplasty. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate a possible inhibition of the bactericidal effect of vancomycin by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, lidocaine, or dexamethasone. The bactericidal effect of vancomycin was quantified using the established method of the agar diffusion test. The plates were incubated with Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis and four wells were stamped out. The wells were filled with vancomycin alone, the tested substance alone or a mixture of the two. The fourth well remained empty as a control. The plates were incubated overnight at 37 °C and the zone of inhibition in each field was measured on the next day. All tests were run three times for each pathogen and mean values and standard deviations of the measurements were calculated. Differences between the substances were tested using the t-test at a level of significance of 0.05. The bacterial growth was homogeneous on all plates. The baseline value for the zone of inhibition of vancomycin was on average 6.2 ± 0.4 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 12 ± 0.3 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis. In all other substances, no inhibition was detected around the well. The combination of vancomycin and each other substance did not show any different result compared to vancomycin alone. The bactericidal effect of vancomycin on staphylococci is not altered by tranexamic acid, adrenalin, dexamethasone, or lidocaine in vitro.

scholarly journals New Antimicrobials Based on the Adarotene Scaffold with Activity against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Salvatore Princiotto ◽  
Stefania Mazzini ◽  
Loana Musso ◽  
Fabio Arena ◽  
Sabrina Dallavalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Common Infections

The global increase in infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is severely impacting our ability to successfully treat common infections. Herein, we report the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis (including some MDR strains) of a panel of adarotene-related synthetic retinoids. In many cases, these compounds showed, together with favorable MICs, a detectable bactericidal effect. We found that the pattern of substitution on adarotene could be modulated to obtain selectivity for antibacterial over the known anticancer activity of these compounds. NMR experiments allowed us to define the interaction between adarotene and a model of microorganism membrane. Biological assessment confirmed that the scaffold of adarotene is promising for further developments of non-toxic antimicrobials active on MDR strains.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial multidrug resistance in the era of COVID-19: a forgotten plight?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pelfrene ◽  
Radu Botgros ◽  
Marco Cavaleri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global problem to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may further contribute. With resources deployed away from antimicrobial stewardship, evidence of substantial pre-emptive antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients and indirectly, with deteriorating economic conditions fuelling poverty potentially impacting on levels of resistance, AMR threat remains significant. Main body In this paper, main AMR countermeasures are revisited and priorities to tackle the issue are re-iterated. The need for collaboration is stressed, acknowledging the relationship between human health, animal health and environment (“One Health” approach). Among the stated priorities, the initiative by the European Medicines Regulatory Network to further strengthen the measures in combatting AMR is highlighted. Likewise, it is asserted that other emerging health threats require global collaboration with the One Health approach offering a valuable blueprint for action. Conclusion The authors stress the importance of an integrated preparedness strategy to tackle this public health peril.

scholarly journals Bacteriocins of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domonique A. Carson ◽  
Herman W. Barkema ◽  
Sohail Naushad ◽  
Jeroen De Buck
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Whole Genomes

ABSTRACT Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), the bacteria most commonly isolated from the bovine udder, potentially protect the udder against infection by major mastitis pathogens due to bacteriocin production. In this study, we determined the inhibitory capability of 441 bovine NAS isolates (comprising 26 species) against bovine Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, inhibiting isolates were tested against a human methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate using a cross-streaking method. We determined the presence of bacteriocin clusters in NAS whole genomes using genome mining tools, BLAST, and comparison of genomes of closely related inhibiting and noninhibiting isolates and determined the genetic organization of any identified bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters. Forty isolates from 9 species (S. capitis, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis, S. pasteuri, S. saprophyticus, S. sciuri, S. simulans, S. warneri, and S. xylosus) inhibited growth of S. aureus in vitro, 23 isolates of which, from S. capitis, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis, S. pasteuri, S. simulans, and S. xylosus, also inhibited MRSA. One hundred five putative bacteriocin gene clusters encompassing 6 different classes (lanthipeptides, sactipeptides, lasso peptides, class IIa, class IIc, and class IId) in 95 whole genomes from 16 species were identified. A total of 25 novel bacteriocin precursors were described. In conclusion, NAS from bovine mammary glands are a source of potential bacteriocins, with >21% being possible producers, representing potential for future characterization and prospective clinical applications. IMPORTANCE Mastitis (particularly infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus) costs Canadian dairy producers $400 million/year and is the leading cause of antibiotic use on dairy farms. With increasing antibiotic resistance and regulations regarding use, there is impetus to explore bacteriocins (bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides) for treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. We examined the ability of 441 NAS bacteria from Canadian bovine milk samples to inhibit growth of S. aureus in the laboratory. Overall, 9% inhibited growth of S. aureus and 58% of those also inhibited MRSA. In NAS whole-genome sequences, we identified >21% of NAS as having bacteriocin genes. Our study represents a foundation to further explore NAS bacteriocins for clinical use.

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