scholarly journals Carvacrol Essential Oil: A Natural Antibiotic against Zoonotic Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Diseased Livestock and Humans

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Abed ◽  
Esraa F. Hegazy ◽  
Sherif A. Omar ◽  
Rehab M. Abd El-Baky ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Beih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mild Reduction ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Staphylococcus species cause diseases in animals and humans. The prevalence and antimicrobial profiles of Staphylococcus spp. in animals and human samples in the Minya Governorate, Egypt, were determined, and resistance- and virulence-associated genes were observed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of carvacrol essential oil (EO) on the MDR isolates was studied. A total of 216 samples were aseptically collected from subclinically mastitic cow’s milk (n = 100), sheep abscesses (n = 25) and humans (n = 91). Out of 216 samples, a total of 154 single Staphylococcus species (71.3%) were isolated. The most frequent bacterial isolates were S. aureus (43%), followed by S. schleiferi (25%), S. intermedius (12%), S. xylosus (12%), S. haemolyticus (4.5%), S. epidermidis (2%) and S. aurecularis (1%). Haemolytic activity and biofilm production were detected in 77 and 47% of isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high degree of resistance to the most commonly used antimicrobials in human and veterinary practices. The mecA, vanA, vanC1 and ermC resistance genes were detected in 93, 42, 83 and 13% of isolates, respectively. Moreover, hla, icaA and icaD virulence genes were detected in 50, 75 and 78% of isolates, respectively. Carvacrol effectively inhibited the growth of all tested isolates at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.04% while a concentration of 0.03% inhibited 75% of isolates. Interestingly, some phenotypic changes were observed upon treatment with a carvacrol oil concentration of 0.03%. All the treated MDR Staphylococcus isolates changed from multidrug resistant to either susceptible or intermediately susceptible to 2–3 antimicrobials more than parental bacterial isolates. Real-time PCR was applied for the detection of the differential expression of mecA and vanC1 genes before and after treatment with carvacrol which revealed a mild reduction in both genes’ expression after treatment. Staphylococcus spp. Containing MDR genes are more likely to spread between humans and animals. From these results, carvacrol EO is a promising natural alternative to conventional antimicrobials for pathogens impacting human health and agriculture due to its potential antimicrobial effect on MDR pathogens; even in sub-lethal doses, carvacrol EO can affect their phenotypic properties and genes’ expression.

scholarly journals Intramammary treatment with gentamicin in lactating cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamires Martins ◽  
Adriana F. Rosa ◽  
Lívia Castelani ◽  
Mariana S. de Miranda ◽  
Juliana R. P. Arcaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract The study evaluated the microbiological profile of milk samples collected before and after mastitis treatment with gentamicin and investigated biofilms production and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. isolated. The presence of gentamicin residues in milk after the recommended withdrawal period was also evaluated. Antimicrobial residues were analyzed by Delvotest® SP NT over a period of 12 days beginning after 24 hours the last gentamicin application. Some of Staphylococcus spp. isolates were biofilm producers (19.05%). Staphylococcus spp. showed high levels of resistance to neomycin (16.95%), penicillin G (10.17%), and ampicillin (10.17%). Multidrug resistance to all antibiotics tested was observed in 1.69% of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates. Among 1440 mammary quarter milk samples 24.95% presented gentamicin residues after the withdrawal period. Gentamicin residues were also detected in 3.8% of samples from calibrated glass recorder jar (n=383) 4.1 days after treatment. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics may lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains as well as increasing the risk of presence of residues of these drugs in milk. These problems affect the milk quality and may become a public health problem.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oils on Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhimurium in Chicken Fillets

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 545-551
Author(s):  
Alaa Eldin MA Morshdy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
16S Rna

Chicken meat, which could be a healthy and nutritionally food, is regrettably incriminated as a source of Salmonella typhimurium which has a great ability to cause human salmonellosis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium in chicken meat and the effects of essential oils on its viability. A total of 300 chicken meat and its products samples were streaked on XLD agar plates, which was followed by identification of the isolates based on biochemical and serological tests. Ten isolates were serotyped as S. typhimurium then assayed for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials by the single diffusion method. Eight isolates (80%) showed multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) for 3 or more antimicrobials with MAR index of 0.4857 in average. Serotyped S. typhimurium strain with the highest antimicrobial resistance, confirmed by 16s RNA sequencing, was selected for studying the effects of thyme, oregano, and lemon essential oils with concentrations of 0.5, and 1% on its viability after inoculating into chicken fillets by intensity of 3.0×106 and on sensory traits of chicken fillets on 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th days of inoculation during cold storage (4ºC). All results showed a significant reduction of S. typhimurium counts with highest inhibition obtained using 1% lemon essential oil. The sensory properties of treated chicken fillets were improved by all used essential oils, compared to the control samples after 6th day, and 8th day of the storage period. The samples treated with 0.5, and 1% lemon essential oil revealed the highest improvement of sensory attributes. This study proved that the majority of S. typhimurium existing in chicken meat are Multidrug-resistant and have no negative effect on sensory traits, hence, posing a public health hazard. Natural essential oils have, also, great antimicrobial effect on S. typhimurium, thus it could replace chemical antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Resistance Status of Bacteria from a Health Facility in Ghana: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abass Inusah ◽  
Elvis Quansah ◽  
Kwabena Fosu ◽  
Isaac Dadzie
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background. Regardless of the global concerted effort to control the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, increasing cases are continually documented at many medical centres. This situation is reinforced by inadequate information on the trend of resistance resulting from lack of regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance. The present study sought to detect the number of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates at a health facility in Ghana from January 2018 to July 2020. Method. A total of 800 data on antimicrobial testing results were extracted from the records of the health facility. The extracted data were explored for the detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR. The study further determined the use of antibiotics using the multiple-drug resistance index (MDRI). Results. Except for Staphylococcus and Neisseria spp., all bacterial isolates showed extremely high (100%) proportion of MDR. Although only Staphylococcus spp. (38 (4.8%)) was observed to be XDR, the rest of the bacteria showed the potential to attain the status of XDR or PDR. MDRI indicated high use of antibiotics in the health facility. Conclusion. The high antimicrobial resistance observed by the study underscores the need for prompt and effective antibiotic resistance control strategies.

STUDY OF CXCL12, CCR4, EGFR GENE EXPRESSION IN MIGRATING MYELOMONOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS BEFORE AND AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. B. Filina ◽  
O. A. Svitich ◽  
Yu. I. Ammur ◽  
A. K. Golenkov ◽  
E. F. Klinushkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemokine Cxcl12 ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cell Chemotaxis

Аim. A study of CXCL12 effect on the migration of mononuclear cells isolated from healthy patients, from patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia before and after chemotherapy and the study of CCR4, EGFR and CXCL12 genes expression after exposure to CXCL12. Materials and methods. The chemotaxis of mononuclear cells (MNCs) of healthy donors and patients with myelomonoblastic leukemia was studied in a Boyden chamber, followed by isolation of RNA, reverse transcription and PCR-RV. Results. A significant increase in myelomonoblasic cell chemotaxis towards CXCL12 after chemotherapy was demonstrated, as well as a decrease in the expression of this chemokine in tumor cells before chemotherapy after exposure to CXCL12. Сonclusion. Presumably, the tumor cells themselves produce CXCL12 in large amounts, which is necessary for the disturbance of intercellular interactions and further intravasation, whose production may decrease with external stimulation by the same chemokine. CXCL12 also helps to increase the expression level of EGFR and CCR4, which leads to increased tumor proliferation and migration of tumor cells.

Antimicrobial Effect of 940 nm Diode Laser based on Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Alexandru Odor ◽  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Deborah Violant ◽  
Victoria Badea
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Before And After

Moderate and severe periodontitis represents a challenge in the non-surgical periodontal therapy. Due to the lack of evidence regarding the antimicrobial effectiveness of 940 nm diode laser in periodontal treatment, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photolysis performed with 940 nm diode laser in the treatment of moderate and severe periodontitis. Twenty-five patients with 100 teeth were selected for this pilot study. The test teeth were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: Group 1: scaling and root planning (SRP) (control group); and the following experimental groups: Group 2: H2O2; Group 3: 940 nm diode laser therapy; Group 4: 940 nm diode laser therapy and H2O2. Clinical examinations, like probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed before and after the treatment. The microbiological evaluation, effectuated before and after the treatment, included nine periodontal bacteria species and investigated by means of real-time PCR assay. The clinical and bacterial differences in the tested groups, was assessed between control group and the other three experimental groups, as well as between the experimental groups. The total bacteria load was reduced for all four studied groups. Group 4 (diode laser + H2O2) showed significant bacterial reduction of the major periodontal bacteria like Pg., Tf., Td., Pi., Pm., Fn (p[0.001) than the other 3 groups (p]0.001). Also the periodontal clinical parameters, like PD, CAL and BOP showed a significant reduction after the photolysis of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser (p[0.001). Differences between tested groups showed a significant beneficial results in regard to Group 4.It is suggested that the photoactivation of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser can be used successfully in adjunctive to the non-surgical periodontal treatment as a bactericidal tool.

scholarly journals α-Terpinyl Acetate: Occurrence in Essential Oils Bearing Thymus pulegioides, Phytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Vaida Vaičiulytė ◽  
Kristina Ložienė ◽  
Jurgita Švedienė ◽  
Vita Raudonienė ◽  
Algimantas Paškevičius
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Lower Effect

The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrence of T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype, as source of natural origin α-terpinyl acetate, to determine its phytotoxic and antimicrobial features. Were investigated 131 T. pulegioides habitats. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Phytotoxic effect of essential oil of this chemotype on monocotyledons and dicotyledons through water and air was carried out in laboratory conditions; the broth microdilution method was used to screen essential oil effect against human pathogenic microorganisms. Results showed that α-terpinyl acetate was very rare compound in essential oil of T. pulegioides: it was found only in 35% of investigated T. pulegioides habitats. α-Terpinyl acetate (in essential oil and pure) demonstrated different behavior on investigated plants. Phytotoxic effect of α-terpinyl acetate was stronger on investigated monocotyledons than on dicotyledons. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil inhibited seeds germination and radicles growth for high economic productivity forage grass monocotyledon Poa pratensis, but stimulated seed germination for high economic productive forage legume dicotyledon Trifolium pretense. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil showed high antimicrobial effect against fungi and dermatophytes but lower effect against bacteria and Candida yeasts. Therefore, T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype could be a potential compound for developing preventive measures or/and drugs for mycosis.

scholarly journals 1458. Uncharted territories: applying “precision medicine” to understand the treacherous landscape of extensively and multidrug resistant (XDR and MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient with cystic fibrosis and lung transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S731-S731
Author(s):  
Laura J Rojas ◽  
Mohamad Yasmin ◽  
Jacquelynn Benjamino ◽  
Steven Marshall ◽  
Kailynn DeRonde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a persistent and difficult-to-treat pathogen in many patients, especially those with cystic fibrosis (CF). Herein, we describe our experience managing a young woman suffering from CF with XDR P. aeruginosa who underwent lung transplantation. We highlight the contemporary difficulties reconciling the clinical, microbiological, and genetic information. Methods Mechanism-based-susceptibility disk diffusion synergy testing with double and triple antibiotic combinations aided in choosing tailored antimicrobial combinations to control the infection in the pre-transplant period, create an effective perioperative prophylaxis regimen, and manage recurrent infections in the post-transplant period. Thirty-six sequential XDR and PDR P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from the patient within a 17-month period, before and after a double-lung transplant were analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNAseq in order to understand the genetic basis of the observed resistance phenotypes, establish the genomic population diversity, and define the nature of sequence changes over time Results Our phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates that these isolates represent a genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous population. The pattern of mutation accumulation and variation of gene expression suggests that a group of closely related strains was present in the patient prior to transplantation and continued to evolve throughout the course of treatment regardless of antibiotic usage.Our findings challenge antimicrobial stewardship programs that assist with the selection and duration of antibiotic regimens in critically ill and immunocompromised patients based on single-isolate laboratory-derived resistant profiles. We propose that an approach sampling the population of pathogens present in a clinical sample instead of single colonies be applied instead when dealing with XDR P. aeruginosa, especially in patients with CF. Conclusion In complex cases such as this, real-time combination testing and genomic/transcriptomic data could lead to the application of true “precision medicine” by helping clinicians choose the combination antimicrobial therapy most likely to be successful against a population of MDR pathogens present. Disclosures Federico Perez, MD, MS, Accelerate (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Robert A. Bonomo, MD, Entasis, Merck, Venatorx (Research Grant or Support)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document