scholarly journals Directed Evolution of a Mycobacteriophage

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cebriá-Mendoza ◽  
Sanjuán ◽  
Domingo-Calap
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Set Up

Bacteriophages represent an alternative strategy to combat pathogenic bacteria. Currently, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections constitute a major public health problem due to extensive antibiotic resistance in some strains. Using a non-pathogenic species of the same genus as an experimental model, Mycobacterium smegmatis, here we have set up a basic methodology for mycobacteriophage growth and we have explored directed evolution as a tool for increasing phage infectivity and lytic activity. We demonstrate mycobacteriophage adaptation to its host under different conditions. Directed evolution could be used for the development of future phage therapy applications against mycobacteria.

scholarly journals Old therapies, new science

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Thomas V Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
New Science

With the emergence of antibiotic resistance as a major public health problem and the apparent decline in pharmaceutical company drive to produce new antimicrobials, there has been an increase in interest in revisiting remedies and agents once popular before the advent of the antibiotic era.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the fixed oil of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (Fabaceae) seeds

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-689
Author(s):  
Filipe Gutierre Carvalho de Lima ◽  
Maria Arlene Pessoa da Silva ◽  
Beatriz Tupinambá Freitas ◽  
José Carlos Marques Freitas ◽  
Claudener de Souza Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Family

Bacterial resistance to current drugs is a major public health problem worldwide. The search for biologically active compounds that act synergistically with antibiotics for their use at lower concentrations would be of great help in overcoming bacterial resistance. Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, also known as sucupira-preta or sucupira-do-cerrado, is a species of the family LeguminosaePapilionoidea that occurs in both primary and secondary formations, always in fast-draining areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate of antibiotic modulation through of the fixed oil from the seeds of B. virgiloides activity. . The seeds showed a considerable amount of oil, with a yield of approximately 11%. The oil did not inhibit bacterial growth, but its combination with the antibiotics tested produced growth inhibition. Our data indicated that the oil extracted from B. virgiloides seeds has no antibacterial activity at clinically relevant concentrations, but when combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics, it showed modulatory activity, lowering the antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative strains.

The role of BCG in prevention of tuberculosis and the strategies to improve its immunogenicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Jolanta Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
A Current

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem and the main cause of death from the infectious diseases worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a causative agent of tuberculosis, is the oldest known human pathogen. The only available TB vaccine, BCG, was first administered in 1921 and since then remains the only protecting tool against TB. Yet, its efficacy is limited and there is an urgent need to design and produce a novel vaccine that will protect against this deadly disease in the era of emerging problems with antibiotic resistance. In this review a current, global TB situation is outlined and the characteristics of BCG are presented. Finally, the strategies leading to generation of BCG variants providing improved protecting efficacy are shortly described.

scholarly journals Incidence of psychrotrophs bacteria with potential public health implications in ice cream sold in Zakho markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4247
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdulla AlBany ◽  
Reem Qasim Mohammed ◽  
Nagham Mohammed Azzo ◽  
Mohammad Ismail Al-Berfkani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Foodborne illness are caused by the consumption of food that is contaminated with either bacteria or their toxins and the most common causes are psychotropic bacteria which cause major public health problem. The aim was to detect and enumerate pathogenic bacteria in locally made ice cream.Methods: 250 locally made ice cream samples were randomly collected from automatic soft machines and dipping cabinets in the markets of Zakho city over a period of ten months starting in July 2016 to May 2017. All collected samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory. The most probable number methods used for detection and enumeration of pathogenic psychotropic bacteria.Results: In general, both types of ice cream samples were showed heavy contamination with aerobic bacteria. The Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) counts exceeded the standard limits in all samples; the count in dipping cabinets' samples was higher than automatic soft machines samples whereas Coliform count in automatic soft machines samples was higher than dipping cabinets' samples. High incidence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes had been detected in all ice cream samples and the range in samples from automatic soft machines were higher than samples obtained from dipping cabinets.Conclusions: This study indicates a high prevalence of pathogenic psychrotrophs in unpacked ice cream and poor hygiene during production, which make local ice cream unsuitable for consumption and it is indicating the need to monitor the hygienic quality of markets and the health authorities must be informed about such cases to avoid food poisoning. 

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

Crucial role of physiotherapy in treating COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Poonam Thakre ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Trupti Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Ingole ◽  
Sourabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sixth International

The emergence in China of 2019 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) previously provisionally names 2019-nCoV disease (COVID19) caused major global outbreak and is a major public health problem. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID19 to be the sixth international public health emergency. This present pandemic has engrossed the globe with a high rate of mortality. As a front line practitioner, physiotherapists are expected to be getting in direct contact with patients infected with the virus. That’s why it is necessary for understanding the many aspects of their role in the identification, contains, reduces and treats the symptoms of this disease. The main presentation is the involvement of respiratory system with symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing and characteristics of pneumonia leads to ARDS(Acute respiratory distress syndrome) also land up in multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. This text describes and suggests physiotherapy management of acute COVID-19 patients. It also includes recommendations and guidelines for physiotherapy planning and management. It also covers the guidelines regarding personal care and equipment used for treatment which can be used in the treatment of acute adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.

scholarly journals The prescription pattern and awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis and resistance among a group of Egyptian pediatric and general dentists: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Mohsen Aly ◽  
Marwa Aly Elchaghaby
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
General Dentists

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in dentistry as prophylaxis and treatment is frequent. Their misuse has led to a major public health problem globally known as antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription and its prophylactic use for systemic conditions. Besides, this study evaluated the awareness and adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines and antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines along with awareness of antibiotic resistance across pediatric and general dentists. Methods An overall of 378 pediatric and general dentists meeting the required eligibility criteria, fulfilled a pre-designed validated questionnaire. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Results A significant statistical difference was found among the pediatric and general dentists regarding antibiotics prescription for most of the oral conditions where Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic among the two groups (53% pediatric dentist and 52% general dentist). The majority of pediatric and general dentists, on the other hand, were aware of antibiotic resistance and prescribing recommendations. Conclusions The present study showed a tendency to overprescribe and overuse antibiotics in certain dental conditions among the participants. The vast majority of dentists, especially general dentists do not have adherence to professional guidelines for antibiotics prescription in children despite their awareness of antibiotic resistance and prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Lockdowns May Reduce Resistance Genes Diversity in the Human Microbiome and the Need for Antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6891
Author(s):  
João S. Rebelo ◽  
Célia P. F. Domingues ◽  
Francisco Dionisio ◽  
Manuel C. Gomes ◽  
Ana Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Small World ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Recently, much attention has been paid to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet bacterial resistance to antibiotics remains a serious and unresolved public health problem that kills hundreds of thousands of people annually, being an insidious and silent pandemic. To contain the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, populations confined and tightened hygiene measures. We performed this study with computer simulations and by using mobility data of mobile phones from Google in the region of Lisbon, Portugal, comprising 3.7 million people during two different lockdown periods, scenarios of 40 and 60% mobility reduction. In the simulations, we assumed that the network of physical contact between people is that of a small world and computed the antibiotic resistance in human microbiomes after 180 days in the simulation. Our simulations show that reducing human contacts drives a reduction in the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in human microbiomes. Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s pairwise tests show very strong evidence (p < 0.000, adjusted using the Bonferroni correction) of a difference between the four confinement regimes. The proportion of variability in the ranked dependent variable accounted for by the confinement variable was η2 = 0.148, indicating a large effect of confinement on the diversity of antibiotic resistance. We have shown that confinement and hygienic measures, in addition to reducing the spread of pathogenic bacteria in a human network, also reduce resistance and the need to use antibiotics.

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