scholarly journals Effects of Antibiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota of Mice

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Boetius Hertz ◽  
Andries E. Budding ◽  
Malieka van der Lugt-Degen ◽  
Paul H. Savelkoul ◽  
Anders Løbner-Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human And Mouse

Studies on human and mouse gastrointestinal microbiota have correlated the composition of the microbiota to a variety of diseases, as well as proved it vital to prevent colonization with resistant bacteria, a phenomenon known as colonization resistance. Antibiotics dramatically modify the gut community and there are examples of how antibiotic usage lead to colonization with resistant bacteria [e.g., dicloxacillin usage selecting for ESBL-producing E. coli carriage], as shown by Hertz et al. Here, we investigated the impact of five antibiotics [cefotaxime, cefuroxime, dicloxacillin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin] on the intestinal microbiota in mice. Five different antibiotics were each given to groups of five mice. The intestinal microbiotas were profiled by use of the IS-pro analysis; a 16S–23S rDNA interspace [IS]-region-based profiling method. For the mice receiving dicloxacillin and clindamycin, we observed dramatic shifts in dominating phyla from day 1 to day 5. Of note, diversity increased, but overall bacterial load decreased. For ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and cefuroxime there were few overall changes. We speculate that antibiotics with efficacy against the abundant anaerobes in the gut, particularly Bacteroidetes, can in fact be selected for resistant bacteria, disregarding the spectrum of activity.

scholarly journals Does Curcumin Have a Role in the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Schistosoma mansoni in Mice?

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Assmaa Anter ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Ghany ◽  
Marwa Abou El Dahab ◽  
Noha Mahana
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

There is strong correlation between changes in abundance of specific bacterial species and several diseases including schistosomiasis. Several studies have described therapeutic effects of curcumin (CUR) which may arise from its regulative effects on intestinal microbiota. Thus, we examined the impact of CUR on the diversity of intestinal microbiota with/without infection by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae for 56 days. Enterobacteriaceae was dominating in a naive and S. mansoni infected mice group without CUR treatment, the most predominant species was Escherichia coli with relative density (R.D%) = 80.66% and the least one was Pseudomonas sp. (0.52%). The influence of CUR on murine microbiota composition was examined one week after oral administration of high (40) and low (20 mg/kg b.w.) CUR doses were administered three times, with two day intervals. CUR induced high variation in the Enterobacteriaceae family, characterized by a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in E. coli and asignificant (p < 0.001) increase in Pseudomonas sp. in both naïve and S. mansoni-infected mice, compared to untreated mice, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, our study showed the effects of high CUR doses on S. mansoni infection immunological and parasitological parameters. These data support CUR’s ability to promote Pseudomonas sp. known to produce schistosomicidal toxins and offset the sequelae of murine schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Recolonization and colonization resistance of the large bowel after three methods of preoperative preparation of the gastrointestinal tract for elective colorectal surgery

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. J. M. van den Bogaard ◽  
W. F. Weidema ◽  
C. P. A. van Boven ◽  
D. van der Waay
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Test Strain ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Elective Colorectal Surgery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe impact of three current types of preoperative large bowel preparation on the microbial flora and the colonization resistance (CR) was investigated in 15 volunteers. In the first group a whole gut irrigation was performed without administration of antibiotics (group WGI). In the second group 0·5 g/1 metronidazole and 1 g/1 neomycin was added to the irrigation fluid (group WGI + AB). A whole gut irrigation with prior oral administration of 1 l mannitol 10% was performed in the third group. The antibiotic prophylaxis in this group consisted of two doses of 80 mg gentamiein i.v. and 500 mg metronidazole orally 24 h after lavage (group Mann + AB). One hour after the mechanical cleansing procedure was finished all volunteers were orally contaminated with one dose of anEscherichia colitest strain. The aerobic faccal reduction due to the cleansing procedure was 2–3 logs, while for the anaerobes it was 4–5 logs. The anaerobic flora in group WGI recovered within 24 h, while the aerobes showed a transient ‘overgrowth‘ for the period of 2 days. The overgrowth of aerobes in group WGI + AB was observed for more than a week and the total numbers of aerobes started gradually to decline after the anaerobic flora had reached pretreatment levels at day three or four. Despite the normal numbers of anaerobes present 24 h after treatment, overgrowth ofE. coliwas seen in the group Mann + AB, probably due to residual mannitol left in the intestinal tract. The test strain ofE. coliwas excreted for a period of 1 week by the volunteers in the groups WGI and Mann + AB, but it was isolated for more than 10 weeks in the group WGI + AB. It is thought that all three methods of preoperative large bowel preparation decreased the CR of the gastrointestinal tract because of a disturbance of the interaction between aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and alterations of the colonic wall. The anaerobic microflora. however, appeared to be primarily responsible for the maintenance of the CR. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should consist of a high dose, short term. systemic antibiotic regimen, not only because an adequate serum level of an appropriate drug at the time of operation substantially decreases the incidence of postoperative septic complications but also because a systemic regimen scarcely influences the CR of the gastrointestinal tract. β-Aspartylglycine appeared to be a specific but not very sensitive marker for decreased CR.

scholarly journals Acquisition of Resistant Bowel Flora during a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial of Ertapenem versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam Therapy for Intraabdominal Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3217-3221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. DiNubile ◽  
Joseph W. Chow ◽  
Vilas Satishchandran ◽  
Adam Polis ◽  
Mary R. Motyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intraabdominal Infections ◽  
Study Therapy

ABSTRACT Bowel colonization with resistant bacteria can develop in patients receiving broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. We compared the impact of two antimicrobial regimens often used to treat intraabdominal infections on susceptibility patterns of bowel flora at the end of therapy. In a double-blind clinical trial, adults with complicated intraabdominal infection requiring surgery were randomized to receive piperacillin-tazobactam (3.375 g every 6 h) or ertapenem (1 g once a day) for 4 to 14 days. Rectal swabs were obtained at baseline and at the end of study therapy to determine the acquisition rates of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to the study drug, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to imipenem or piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium. Treated patients were assessable for the acquisition of resistant bacteria if appropriate specimens were obtained at both time points. Enterobacteriaceae resistant to the treatment received were acquired during study therapy by 8/122 assessable piperacillin-tazobactam recipients (6.6%) compared to 0/122 assessable ertapenem recipients (P = 0.007). Neither ESBL-producing E. coli or Klebsiella species nor P. aeruginosa resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam was isolated from patients in either treatment group. Imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa was acquired by two of the ertapenem recipients (1.6%) versus zero of the piperacillin-tazobactam recipients (P = 0.50). Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were acquired during therapy by 8/125 assessable ertapenem recipients (6.4%) versus 2/123 assessable piperacillin-tazobactam recipients (1.6%; P = 0.10). In this study, the acquisition of resistant Enterobacteriaceae occurred significantly more often in patients treated with piperacillin-tazobactam than in those treated with ertapenem.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the effects of different feeding habits and diets on intestinal microbiota in Acipenser baeri Brandt and Huso huso

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanling Xu ◽  
Wei Xing ◽  
Tieliang Li ◽  
Min Xue ◽  
Zhihong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Siberian Sturgeon ◽  
Huso Huso ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Acipenser Baeri ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beluga Sturgeon

Abstract Background: Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baeri Brandt) and Beluga sturgeon ( Huso huso ) are two important commercial fish in China, and the feeding habits of them are very different. Diets and feeding habits are two significant factors to affect the gastrointestinal microbiota in fish. The intestinal microbiota has been reported to play a key role in nutrition and immunity. However, it is rarely reported about the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and feeding habits/diets on different Acipenseridae fish. This study is to comparative analysis of gut microbial community in Siberian sturgeon and Beluga sturgeon fed with the same diet/Beluga sturgeon fed with different diets in order to determine the effects of different feeding habits/diets on the fish intestinal microbiota. Results: According to the experimental objectives, BL and BH groups were Beluga sturgeon ( Huso huso ) fed with low fishmeal diet and high fishmeal diet, respectively. SH group represented Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baeri Brandt) fed with the same diet as BH group. After 16 weeks feeding trial, the intestinal microbiota was examined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. On the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were significantly higher in BL group than BH group, and Cyanobacteria showed the opposite trend. Compared with BH group, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were significantly increased in SH group, whereas Cyanobacteria were clearly decreased. At the genus level, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter in BL group were significantly higher comparing with BH group, while Bacillus , Luteibacter , Staphylococcus and Oceanobacillus was lower in BH group than SH group. Conclusions: Alpha and beta diversities indicated that the intestinal microflora were significant difference between Siberian sturgeon and Beluga sturgeon when they fed with the same diet. Meanwhile, Beluga sturgeon fed with low fishmeal diet can increase the species diversity of intestinal microbiota than it fed with high fishmeal diet. Therefore, feeding habits clearly affected the gastrointestinal microbiota of sturgeons. Moreover, the impact of changes in food on the gut microbiota of sturgeons should be taken into consideration during the process of sturgeon aquaculture.

scholarly journals Impact of antibiotic usage on extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Yeon Kim ◽  
Yunjin Yum ◽  
Hyung Joon Joo ◽  
Hyonggin An ◽  
Young Kyung Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Free Text ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn increase in antibiotic usage is considered to contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Although experts are counting on the antimicrobial stewardship programs to reduce antibiotic usage, their effect remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of antibiotic usage and forecast the prevalence of hospital-acquired extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)—producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) using time-series analysis. Antimicrobial culture information of E. coli was obtained using a text processing technique that helped extract free-text electronic health records from standardized data. The antimicrobial use density (AUD) of antibiotics of interest was used to estimate the quarterly antibiotic usage. Transfer function model was applied to forecast relationship between antibiotic usage and ESBL-producing E. coli. Of the 1938 hospital-acquired isolates, 831 isolates (42.9%) were ESBL-producing E. coli. Both the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli and AUD increased over time. The transfer model predicted that ciprofloxacin AUD is related to the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli two quarters later. In conclusion, excessive use of antibiotics was shown to affect the prevalence of resistant organisms in the future. Therefore, the control of antibiotics with antimicrobial stewardship programs should be considered to restrict antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in a Regional Central Hospital in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jixun Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhenzhong Liu ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: Considering the dynamic changes of MDR, we did an up-to-date study and analyzed the impact of MDR on the outcome of patients. Design: Collected MDR isolated from hospitalized patients between June 2018 and May 2020 and performed retrospective analysis. Setting: This study was conducted in a public regional central hospital in China.Patients: 1156 patients with MDR infections.Results: Total 1291 MDRS were isolated, intensive care unit (ICU) accounted for 32.3% as the most. The main samples were sputum (75.1%) and 89.6% MDR were Gram-negative. The most common MDR were Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing E. coli. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae. 35.6% were nosocomial infections and 64.4% were community-acquired infections. There was a statistically significant difference in mortality between patients infected with MDR and those with non-MDR (7.4% [32/432] vs 2.6% [17/655]; P = 0.001). The Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were mainly sensitive to tigecycline. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mainly sensitive to amikacin and levofloxacin. More than 80% of the Escherichia coli were sensitive to tigecycline and carbapenems. More than 90% of MRSA were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and quinoprptin / daptoptin.Conclusions: The MDRS are mainly gram-negative bacteria. ICU contributes most MDR and pulmonary infection is the main origin of MDR. MDR infection is an independent risk factor for death. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, especially carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae, should be paid more attention. This study is helpful to understand the distribution of MDR in hospital and the extent of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Oral DAV131, a Charcoal-Based Adsorbent, Inhibits Intestinal Colonization by β-Lactam-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Cefotaxime-Treated Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 5423-5425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Grall ◽  
Laurent Massias ◽  
Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Sakina Sayah-Jeanne ◽  
Nicolas Ducrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indigenous Microflora

ABSTRACTAntibiotics excreted into the intestinal tract, such as broad-spectrum cephalosporins, disrupt the indigenous microflora, affect colonization resistance (CR), and promote intestinal colonization by resistant bacteria. We tested whether oral DAV131, a charcoal-based adsorbent, would prevent colonization by a cefotaxime (CTX)-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaestrain (PUG-2) in CTX-treated mice. Mice received CTX, saline, CTX and DAV131, or saline and DAV131 for 3 days before oral challenge with 106CFU of PUG-2. The fecal CTX concentrations and counts of PUG-2 were assayed. Fecal CTX disappeared when DAV131 was given concomitantly with CTX (P< 0.05), and the area under the curve of PUG-2 fecal density was significantly reduced (P< 0.01). In conclusion, reducing intestinal antibiotic exposure with DAV131 may reduce colonization by resistant strains during treatment compared to treatment with CTX only. This might open new possibilities for decreasing the impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota during treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Medicated Feed on the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria at Integrated Pig-Fish Farms in Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 4494-4498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Thi Thanh Dang ◽  
Andreas Petersen ◽  
Dung Van Truong ◽  
Huong Thi Thanh Chu ◽  
Anders Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIntegrated livestock-fish aquaculture utilizes animal excreta, urine, and feed leftovers as pond fertilizers to enhance the growth of plankton and other microorganisms eaten by the fish. However, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria may be transferred and develop in the pond due to selective pressure from antimicrobials present in animal feed, urine, and feces. In an experimental pig-fish farm located in periurban Hanoi, Vietnam, nine piglets were provided feed containing 5 μg of tetracycline (TET)/kg pig weight/day and 0.45 μg of enrofloxacin (ENR)/kg pig weight/day during the second and fourth (last) months of the experiment. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the provision of pig feed with antimicrobials and the development of antimicrobial resistance, as measured in a total of 520Escherichia coliand 634Enterococcusstrains isolated from pig manure and water-sediment pond samples. MIC values for nalidixic acid (NAL) and ENR showed thatE. coliandEnterococcusspp. overall exhibited significant higher frequencies of resistance toward NAL and ENR during the 2 months when pigs were administered feed with antimicrobials, with frequencies reaching 60 to 80% in both water-sediment and manure samples. TET resistance for both indicators was high (>80%) throughout the study period, which indicates that TET-resistantE. coliandEnterococcusspp. were present in the piglets before the initiation of the experiment. PCR-based identification showed similar relative occurrences ofEnterococcus faecium,Enterococcus faecalis, and otherEnterococcusspp. in the water-sediment and manure samples, suggesting thatEnterococcusspp. isolated in the ponds originated mainly from the pig manure. The development of antimicrobial resistance in integrated animal husbandry-fish farms and possible transfers and the impact of such resistance on food safety and human health should be further assessed.

scholarly journals A genome wide analysis of Escherichia coli responses to fosfomycin using TraDIS-Xpress reveals novel roles for phosphonate and phosphate transport systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
Keith Turner ◽  
Sarah Bastkowski ◽  
Ian Charles ◽  
Mark A. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFosfomycin is an antibiotic which has seen a revival in use due to its unique mechanism of action and resulting efficacy against isolates resistant to many other antibiotics. Mechanisms of resistance have been elucidated and loss of function mutations within the genes encoding the sugar importers, GlpT and UhpT are commonly selected for by fosfomycin exposure in E. coli. There has however not been a genome wide analysis of the basis for fosfomycin sensitivity reported to date. Here we used ‘TraDIS-Xpress’ a high-density transposon mutagenesis approach to assay the role of all genes in E. coli in fosfomycin sensitivity. The data confirmed known mechanisms of action and resistance as well as identifying a set of novel loci involved in fosfomycin sensitivity. The assay was able to identify sub domains within genes of importance and also revealed essential genes with roles in fosfomycin sensitivity based on expression changes. Novel genes identified included those involved in glucose metabolism, the phosphonate import and breakdown system, phnC-M and the phosphate importer, pstSACB. The impact of these genes in fosfomycin sensitivity was validated by measuring the susceptibility of defined inactivation mutants. This work reveals a wider set of genes contribute to fosfomycin sensitivity including core sugar metabolism genes and two transport systems previously unrecognised as having a role in fosfomycin sensitivity. The work also suggests new routes by which drugs with a phosphonate moiety may be transported across the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.ImportanceThe emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria had resulted in increased use of alternative drugs which retain efficacy against isolates resistant to other classes of drugs. One example is fosfomycin; an old drug which has found greatly increased use in recent years. We studied the mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance by applying a genome wide screen based on comparing the fitness of a massive library of transposon mutants in the presence of fosfomycin. This approach identified the previously known mechanisms of resistance but also identified a number of new pathways which contribute to fosfomycin sensitivity including two importer systems. This information advances our knowledge about an increasingly important antibiotic and identifies new potential routes to resistance.

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