Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and is an important fruit from South and Southeast Asia. India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and the Philippines are among the top mango producer countries. Leaves of the mango plant have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a plethora of phytochemicals such as mangiferin, followed by phenolic acids, benzophenones, and other antioxidants such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The extracts from mango leaves (MLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, hepato-protection, and anti-diarrheal. In the present review, we have elaborated on the nutritional and phytochemical profile of the MLs. Further, various bioactivities of the ML extracts are also critically discussed. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of the MLs, they can be used as a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. However, more detailed clinical trials still needed to be conducted for establishing the actual efficacy of the ML extracts.

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Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040752 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 752

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar ◽

Maharishi Tomar ◽

Ryszard Amarowicz ◽

Vivek Saurabh ◽

M. Sneha Nair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Guava Leaves

Psidium guajava (L.) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and it is an important fruit in tropical areas like India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South America. The leaves of the guava plant have been studied for their health benefits which are attributed to their plethora of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, avicularin, apigenin, guaijaverin, kaempferol, hyperin, myricetin, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeic acid. Extracts from guava leaves (GLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotection activities. In the present review, we comprehensively present the nutritional profile and phytochemical profile of GLs. Further, various bioactivities of the GL extracts are also discussed critically. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of GLs, they can potentially be used as an ingredient in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. More detailed clinical trials need to be conducted to establish the efficacy of the GL extracts.

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Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11050614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 614

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar ◽

Sushil Changan ◽

Maharishi Tomar ◽

Uma Prajapati ◽

Vivek Saurabh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Custard Apple ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) belongs to the family Annonaceae and is an important tropical fruit cultivated in the West Indies, South and Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Egypt. Leaves of custard apple plants have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a considerable diversity of phytochemicals. These compounds include phenol-based compounds, e.g., proanthocyanidins, comprising 18 different phenolic compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Extracts from Annona squamosa leaves (ASLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective functions. In the current article, we discussed the nutritional and phytochemical diversity of ASLs. Additionally, ASL extracts were discussed with respect to their biological activities, which were established by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A survey of the literature based on the phytochemical profile and health-promoting effects of ASLs showed that they can be used as potential ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. Although there are sufficient findings available from in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials are still needed to determine the exact effects of ASL extracts on human health.

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Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food—Current State of Knowledge

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1306

Author(s):

Marcin Dziedziński ◽

Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽

Barbara Stachowiak

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Functional Food ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Pine Tree ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Few Data

The pine (Pinus L.) is the largest and most heteromorphic plant genus of the pine family (Pinaceae Lindl.), which grows almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere. The demand for plant-based remedies, supplements and functional food is growing worldwide. Although pine-based products are widely available in many parts of the world, they are almost absent as food ingredients. The literature shows the beneficial effects of pine preparations on human health. Despite the wide geographical distribution of pine trees in the natural environment, there are very few data in the literature on the widespread use of pine in food technology. This study aims to present, characterise and evaluate the content of phytochemicals in pine trees, including shoots, bark and conifer needles, as well as to summarise the available data on their health-promoting and functional properties, and the potential of their use in food and the pharmaceutical industry to support health. Various species of pine tree contain different compositions of bioactive compounds. Regardless of the solvent, method, pine species and plant part used, all pine extracts contain a high number of polyphenols. Pine tree extracts exhibit several described biological activities that may be beneficial to human health. The available examples of the application of pine elements in food are promising. The reuse of residual pine elements is still limited compared to its potential. In this case, it is necessary to conduct more research to find and develop new products and applications of pine residues and by-products.

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Phycochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Fucus spp.

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md16080249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 249 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Marcelo Catarino ◽

Artur Silva ◽

Susana Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Marine Macroalgae ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

East Asian Culture ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Major Application ◽

Polyunsaturated Lipids

Seaweeds are known to be a good supply of key nutrients including carbohydrates, protein, minerals, polyunsaturated lipids, as well as several other health-promoting compounds capable of acting on a wide spectrum of disorders and/or diseases. While these marine macroalgae are deeply rooted in the East Asian culture and dietary habits, their major application in Western countries has been in the phycocolloid industry. This scenario has however been gradually changing, since seaweed consumption is becoming more common worldwide. Among the numerous edible seaweeds, members of the genus Fucus have a high nutritional value and are considered good sources of dietary fibers and minerals, especially iodine. Additionally, their wealth of bioactive compounds such as fucoidan, phlorotannins, fucoxanthin and others make them strong candidates for multiple therapeutic applications (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetes and others). This review presents an overview of the nutritional and phytochemical composition of Fucus spp., and their claimed biological activities, as well as the beneficial effects associated to their consumption. Furthermore, the use of Fucus seaweeds and/or their components as functional ingredients for formulation of novel and enhanced foods is also discussed.

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A Recent Insight Regarding the Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21249653 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (24) ◽

pp. 9653

Author(s):

Adelina Lombrea ◽

Diana Antal ◽

Florina Ardelean ◽

Stefana Avram ◽

Ioana Zinuca Pavel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Dermatological Disorders ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Geographical Characteristics

Origanum vulgare L. is a widely used aromatic plant, especially due to its content in essential oil, mainly rich in carvacrol and thymol. The ethnopharmacological uses of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) comprise digestive, respiratory, or dermatological disorders. The review focuses on the increasing number of recent studies investigating several biological activities of OEO. The bioactivities are in tight relation to the phytochemical profile of the essential oil, and also depend on taxonomic, climatic, and geographical characteristics of the plant material. The antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, skin disorders beneficial effects, next to antihyperglycemic and anti-Alzheimer activities were reported and confirmed in multiple studies. Moreover, recent studies indicate a positive impact on skin disorders of OEO formulated as nanocarrier systems in order to improve its bioavailability and, thus, enhancing its therapeutic benefits. The review brings an up to date regarding the phytochemistry and bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil, underlining also the most successful pharmaceutical formulation used for skin disorders.

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Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Health-Promoting Effects of the Melissa officinalis

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/6584693 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽

Cristina Quispe ◽

Jesús Herrera-Bravo ◽

Muhammad Akram ◽

Wafa Abbaass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Special Focus ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Health Promoting

Medicinal plants are being used worldwide for centuries for their beneficial properties. Some of the most popular medicinal plants belong to the Melissa genus, and different health beneficial effects have already been identified for this genus. Among these species, in particular, the Melissa officinalis L. has been reported as having many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumour, antiviral, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and also flatulence inhibiting effects. The beneficial properties of the Melissa officinalis, also known as “lemon balm herb”, can be related to the bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, alcohols, rosmarinic acid, and phenolic antioxidants which are present in the plant. In this updated review, the botanical, geographical, nutritional, phytochemical, and traditional medical aspects of M. officinalis have been considered as well as in vitro and in vivo and clinically proven therapeutic properties have been reviewed with a special focus on health-promoting effects and possible perspective nutraceutical applications. To evidence the relevance of this plant in the research and completely assess the context, a literature quantitative research analysis has been performed indicating the great interest towards this plant for its beneficial properties.

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Botany, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Quinoa

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2258

Author(s):

M. Iftikhar Hussain ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Qamar Abbas Syed ◽

Anum Ishaq ◽

Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Future Research ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Grain Crop ◽

Food Grain

Quinoa is a climate-resilient food grain crop that has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its nutritional composition, phytochemical properties and associated health benefits. Quinoa grain is enriched in amino acids, fiber, minerals, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and vitamins. Quinoa possesses different human-health promoting biological substances and nutraceutical molecules. This review synthesizes and summarizes recent findings regarding the nutrition and phytochemical properties of quinoa grains and discusses the associated biological mechanisms. Quinoa grains and grain-based supplements are useful in treating different biological disorders of the human body. Quinoa is being promoted as an exceptionally healthy food and a gluten-free super grain. Quinoa could be used as a biomedicine due to the presence of functional compounds that may help to prevent various chronic diseases. Future research needs to explore the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects of quinoa that might help to control different chronic diseases and to promote human health.

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Peganum spp.: A Comprehensive Review on Bioactivities and Health-Enhancing Effects and Their Potential for the Formulation of Functional Foods and Pharmaceutical Drugs

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/5900422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽

Cristina Quispe ◽

Jesús Herrera-Bravo ◽

Prabhakar Semwal ◽

Sakshi Painuli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

The Mediterranean

The genus Peganum includes four species widely distributed in warm temperate to subtropical regions from the Mediterranean to Mongolia as well as certain regions in America. Among these species, Peganum harmala L., distributed from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia, has been studied and its phytochemical profile, traditional folk use, and application in pharmacological and clinical trials are well known. The review is aimed at presenting an insight into the botanical features and geographical distribution of Peganum spp. along with traditional folk uses. This manuscript also reviews the phytochemical profile of Peganum spp. and its correlation with biological activities evidenced by the in vitro and in vivo investigations. Moreover, this review gives us an understanding of the bioactive compounds from Peganum as health promoters followed by the safety and adverse effects on human health. In relation to their multipurpose therapeutic properties, various parts of this plant such as seeds, bark, and roots present bioactive compounds promoting health benefits. An updated search (until December 2020) was carried out in databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. Chemical studies have presented beta-carboline alkaloids as the most active constituents, with harmalol, harmaline, and harmine being the latest and most studied among these naturally occurring alkaloids. The Peganum spp. extracts have shown neuroprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. The extracts are also found effective in improving respiratory disorders (asthma and cough conditions), dermatoses, and knee osteoarthritis. Bioactivities and health-enhancing effects of Peganum spp. make it a potential candidate for the formulation of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. Nevertheless, adverse effects of this plant have also been described, and therefore new bioproducts need to be studied in depth. In fact, the design of new formulations and nanoformulations to control the release of active compounds will be necessary to achieve successful pharmacological and therapeutic treatments.

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TUNGAU PADA DAUN MANGGA (Mangifera Indica)

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.30862/jn.v13i3.722 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rawati Panjaitan

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Direct Observation ◽

Host Plants ◽

Body Shape ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Mango Leaves

Mites have hostplant specifications or host plants. Mites can be destructive and deadly of which is the host plants a mango crop. Mites on mango crops will cause the leaves yellow and fall off prematurely. This is will lead to the disruption of the productivity of mango. It is necessary for research to identify the mites that infect the mango crop. The method is carried out by direct observation. Mites were taken from the surface of mango leaves later in preservation with several levels of concentration of alcohol, and polyvinyl laktofenol. Then, observed under a microscope and documented for identification purposes. Mites on the leaf surface of manalagi mango (Mangifera indica) found two species, it is Oligonychus sp. and Oligonychus ilicis (Family: Tetranychidae, Superfamily: Tetranychoidea). Oligonychus sp. hallmark is rounded body shape like a spider, with a body is transparent and there are two long seta on posterior part. While Oligonychus ilicis has a characteristic elongated rounded body shape, red, and there is a short posterior seta. Oligonychus sp. and Oligonychus ilicis live as parasites on the surface of mango leaves that can lead to wrinkled leaves, yellow and to fall. Oligonychus life cycle starts from the eggs develop into Nympha and then adult.

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Thymol Chemistry: A Medicinal Toolbox

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180503120222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 454-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jyoti ◽

Divya Dheer ◽

Davinder Singh ◽

Gulshan Kumar ◽

Manvika Karnatak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Web Of Science ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

Food Preservative ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Trachyspermum Ammi ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Human Infections ◽

Potential Use

Background: Thymol is a natural phenolic monoterpenoid widely used in pharmaceutical and food preservative applications. Thymol isomeric with carvacrol, extracted primarily from Thymus species (Trachyspermum ammi) and other plants sources such as Baccharisgrise bachii and Centipeda minima, has ethnopharmacological characteristics. Methods: This review was prepared by analyzing articles published on thymol moiety in last decade and selected from Science Direct, Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science and SciFinder. The selected articles are classified and gives brief introduction about thymol and its isolation, illustrates its natural as well as synthetic sources, and also therapeutic benefits of thymol worldwide Results: Thymol has been covering different endeavors such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiarrhoeal, anthelmintic, analgesic, digestive, abortifacient, antihypertensive, spermicidal, depigmenting, antileishmanial, anticholinesterase, insecticidal and many others. This phenolic compound is among the essential scaffolds for medicinal chemists to synthesize more bio-active molecules by further derivatization of the thymol moiety. Conclusion: Thymol is an interesting scaffold due to its different activities and derivatization of thymol is proved to enhance its biological activities. However, more robust, randomised, controlled clinical trials would be desirable with well-characterised thymol preparations to corroborate its beneficial effects in diseased patients. Moreover, in view of the potential use of thymol and thymol-rich essential oils in the treatment of human infections, comprehensive studies on chronic and acute toxicity and also teratogenicity are to be recommended.

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