scholarly journals Marine Microalgae Biomolecules and Their Adhesion Capacity to Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Tatiane Winkler Marques Machado ◽  
Jenifer Mota Rodrigues ◽  
Tatiana Rojo Moro ◽  
Maria Eugênia Rabello Duarte ◽  
Miguel Daniel Noseda
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pavlova Lutheri ◽  
Alkaline Extract ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Insoluble Precipitate ◽  
Adhesion Process

Different molecules have been tested as analog receptors due to their capacity to bind bacteria and prevent cell adhesion. By using in vitro assays, the present study characterized the aqueous and alkaline extracts from microalgae Pavlova lutheri and Pavlova gyrans and evaluated the capacity of these extracts to adhere to enterobacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium). The aqueous and alkaline extracts of both species were fractionated via freeze-thawing, giving rise to soluble and insoluble (precipitate) fractions in cold water. The obtained fractions were studied using thermogravimetric, methylation analyses, and using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The cold-water-soluble fractions obtained from the aqueous extracts were mainly composed of highly branched (1→3),(1→6)-β-glucans, whereas the cold-water-precipitate fractions were constituted by (1→3)-β-glucans. The alkaline extract fractions showed similar compositions with a high protein content, and the presence of glycosides (sulfoquinovosylglycerol (SQG), digalactosylglycerol (DGG)), and free fatty acids. The linear (1→3)-β-glucans and the alkaline extract fractions showed an adhesion capacity toward Salmonella. The chemical composition of the active fractions suggested that the presence of three-linked β-glucose units, as well as microalgal proteins and glycosides, could be important in the adhesion process. Therefore, these microalgal species possess a high potential to serve as a source of anti-adhesive compounds.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potential of a Novel Sri Lankan Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
H. P. Wakkumbura ◽  
W. M. D. Wickramaarachchi ◽  
L. D. A. M. Arawwawala ◽  
J. A. Liyanage ◽  
R. P. V. J. Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Water Extractable

Background. In Sri Lanka, a Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation (PHAF), which consists of powders of seven medicinal plants, is being trialed for use as an anti-inflammatory drug. In general, anti-inflammatory drugs have good antioxidant properties. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to assess the quality and evaluate the antioxidant potential of PHAF. Methods. Physicochemical parameters such as ash content, extractable matter, phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites, levels of heavy metals, and microbes were determined according to standard protocols. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using five in vitro assays: total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt. Results. PHAF contained 5.6 ± 0.2% of moisture, 6.5 ± 0.1% of total ash, 1.4 ± 0.1% of water soluble ash, 0.9 ± 0.0% of acid insoluble ash, 7.7 ± 0.2% of hot water extractable matter, 3.9 ± 0.1% of cold water extractable matter, 10.5 ± 4.1% of hot-ethanol extractable matter, and 8.4 ± 0.2% of cold-ethanol extractable matter. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, and saponins in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the drug. TPC, TFC, ORAC, DPPH, and ABTS of aqueous and ethanol extracts of PHAF were 103.65 ± 4.94 and 327.07 ± 9.65 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, 76.6 ± 5.83 and 224.6 ± 8.42 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract, 481.11 ± 17.30 and 1481.44 ± 30.20 mg trolox equivalents/g of extract, 79.50 ± 4.42 and 227.17 ± 6.16 mg trolox equivalents/g of extract, and 198.20 ± 4.55 and 577.08 ± 5.48 mg trolox equivalents/g of extract, respectively. Conclusion. Ethanolic extract of PHAF is better than aqueous extract in terms of antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin C in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: A Literature Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Marcelo Villagran ◽  
Jorge Ferreira ◽  
Miquel Martorell ◽  
Lorena Mardones
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
High Concentration

Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant associated with the prevention of the common cold and is also a cofactor of hydrolases that participate in the synthesis of collagen and catecholamines, and in the regulation of gene expression. In cancer, vitamin C is associated with prevention, progression, and treatment, due to its general properties or its role as a pro-oxidant at high concentration. This review explores the role of vitamin C in cancer clinical trials and the aspects to consider in future studies, such as plasmatic vitamin C and metabolite excretion recording, and metabolism and transport of vitamin C into cancer cells. The reviewed studies show that vitamin C intake from natural sources can prevent the development of pulmonary and breast cancer, and that vitamin C synergizes with gemcitabine and erlotinib in pancreatic cancer. In vitro assays reveal that vitamin C synergizes with DNA-methyl transferase inhibitors. However, vitamin C was not associated with cancer prevention in a Mendelian randomized study. In conclusion, the role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of cancer is still an ongoing area of research. It is necessary that new phase II and III clinical trials be performed to collect stronger evidence of the therapeutic role of vitamin C in cancer.

scholarly journals Polysaccharides from Basidiocarps of Cultivating Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus: Isolation and Structural Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Baeva ◽  
Roman Bleha ◽  
Ekaterina Lavrova ◽  
Leonid Sushytskyi ◽  
Jana Čopíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Alkaline Extract ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms are an interesting source of biologically active glucans and other polysaccharides. This work is devoted to the isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharides from basidiocarps of the cultivated oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Five polysaccharidic fractions were obtained by subsequent extraction with cold water, hot water and two subsequent extractions with 1 m sodium hydroxide. Branched partially methoxylated mannogalactan and slightly branched (1→6)-β-d-glucan predominated in cold- and hot-water-soluble fractions, respectively. Alternatively, these polysaccharides were obtained by only hot water extraction and subsequent two-stage chromatographic separation. The alkali-soluble parts originating from the first alkali extraction were then fractionated by dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The polysaccharide insoluble in DMSO was identified as linear (1→3)-α-d-glucan, while branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-d-glucans were found to be soluble in DMSO. The second alkaline extract contained the mentioned branched β-d-glucan together with some proteins. Finally, the alkali insoluble part was a cell wall complex of chitin and β-d-glucans.

Temperature influences on the growth, digestibility, and carbohydrate compositions of two tropical grasses, Panicum maximum var Trichoglume and Setaria sphacelata, and two cultivars of the temperate grass Lolium perenne

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson ◽  
CW Ford
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Structural Cell

Two tropical grasses, Panicunl maximum var. trichoglume and Setaria spliacelata cv. Nandi were compared with two cultivars of Lolium perenne, S.24 and Kangaroo Valley, grown in controlled environment at day/night temperatures of 15.6/10, 21 .1/15.6,26.7/21.1, and 32.2/26.7�C. The plants were harvested when still vegetative. The tropical grasses grew faster than the L. perenne cultivars at all but the lowest temperatures, and had a generally higher relative water content. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the L. pereiine cultivars appeared inherently higher than that of the tropical grasses, but for each species digestibility Mtas modified by the environment and was highest at the lower growth temperatures. The tropical grasses were lower in alcohol- and cold water-soluble sugars, and higher in starch and structural (cell wall) carbohydrates than the L. perenne cultivars. For all grasses, as temperature increased from 15.6/10 to 26.7/21.1�C the concentration of the structural carbohydrates increased whilst that of the total non-structural carbohydrates changed relatively little. A further increase in temperature to 32.2/26.7� resulted in a marked decline in the concentration of simple sugars and structural carbohydrates whilst polymeric sugars increased. At this latter temperature the starch content in Setaria and Panicurn increased to as high as 16 and 13% of dry weight respectively. The differences in digestibility appeared to be associated with the differences in the proportions of the different carbohydrate fractions.

scholarly journals A New Bioactive Steroidal Saponin from Leaves of Furcraea gigantea

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadete P. da Silva ◽  
José P. Parente
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Structural Identification ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Steroidal Saponin ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
C Nmr

Abstract A new bidesmosidic furostanol saponin was isolated from leaves of Furcraea gigantea Vent. Its structure was established as 3-[(O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→3)-O-[O-β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl- (1→4)-β -D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-(3β ,5α,15α,22α,25R)-26-(β -D-glucopyranosyloxy)-15,22-dihydroxy- furost-12-one. Its structural identification was performed using detailed analyses of 1H and 13C NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (DEPT, COSY, HETCOR and COLOC) and chemical conversions. The steroidal saponin showed no haemolytic effects in the in vitro assays and demonstrated inhibition of the capillary permeability activity.

Polystachyasaponin with Adjuvant Activity from Entada polystachya

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadete P. da Silva ◽  
José P. Parente
Keyword(s):  
2D Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
C Nmr

A new complex triterpenoid saponin, polystachyasaponin, was isolated from leaves of Entada polystachya (L.) DC. (Leguminosae) by using chromatographic methods. Its structure was established as 15,16-dihydroxy-3-[[O-β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-2- (acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β -D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-(3β ,15α,16α)-olean-12-en-28-oic acid O-D-apio- β -D-furanosyl-(1→3)-O-β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-6-O-[(2E,6R)- 6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,7-octadienyl]-β -D-glucopyranosyl ester. Structural elucidation was performed using detailed analyses of 1H and 13C NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and chemical conversions. The hemolytic activity of the saponin was evaluated using in vitro assays, and its adjuvant potential on the cellular immune response against ovalbumin antigen was investigated using in vivo assays.

Biotransformation of caffeic acid by Momordica charantia peroxidase

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Wan ◽  
Haili Liu ◽  
Xuefeng Huang ◽  
Jianguang Luo ◽  
Lingyi Kong
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Activity ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time

Biotransformation of caffeic acid with H2O2/Momordica charantia peroxidase at pH 5.0, 25 °C in the presence of acetone has resulted in the isolation of three caffeic acid trimers 1–3, five caffeic acid dimers 4–8, and one monomer 9. Among them, seven (1–7) are new compounds, and two (8 and 9) are known compounds, including one compound (9), which was obtained by biotransformation for the first time. The structures were established by 2D NMR techniques, such as HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY measurements. The possible mechanism for the formation of the products is also discussed. This is the first time that caffeic acid trimers have been obtained through the biotransformation of catalyzed by peroxidase in vitro. Compound 5 has shown much stronger anti-oxidative activity than the other caffeic acid polymers obtained.Key words: Momordica charantia peroxidase, caffeic acid, polymers of caffeic acid, biotransformation, antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals New Benzophenone O-Glucoside from Hypericum Ellipticum

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse Petrunak ◽  
Andrew C. Kester ◽  
Yunbao Liu ◽  
Camile S. Bowen-Forbes ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Aerial Parts

Examination of the acetone extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum ellipticum afforded a new acetylated benzophenone glucoside (3′- O-β-D-3″,4″,6″-triacetylglucopyranosyl-2,4,5′,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone) together with catechin and epicatechin. The structure of the benzophenone glucoside was determined by 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The compound inhibited the proliferation of CNS tumor cell line (SF-268) and lipid peroxidation in in vitro assays.

Potential Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Eupatorium lindleyanum

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Zhong ◽  
Shiqi Fang ◽  
Yunfeng Zheng ◽  
Cunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Eupatorium lindleyanum has traditionally been used as folk medicine in Asian countries for its therapeutic effects on tracheitis and tonsillitis. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory active constituents from E. lindleyanum led to the isolation of two novel sesquiterpene lactones, named eupalinolide L (1) and eupalinolide M (2), and seven known sesquiterpene lactones (3–9). The structures and configurations of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D NMR techniques. In vivo experiments showed that the sesquiterpenes fraction significantly reduced mouse ear edema induced by xylene (18.6%, p < 0.05). In in vitro assays, compounds 1–9 showed excellent anti-inflammatory activities, as they lowered TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.001). The above results suggest that the sesquiterpene lactones from E. lindleyanum can be developed as novel potential natural anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Tanacetum alyssifolium (Bornm.) Grierson

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Ekrem Köksal ◽  
Yakup Ulutaş ◽  
Samed Şimşek ◽  
aha Bayraktar ◽  
Ahmet Altay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Acetophenone Derivatives ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Cytotoxic Molecules ◽  
Mcf 7

Secondary metabolites of Tanacetum alyssifolium (Bornm.) Grierson (Asteraceae) were investigated for the first time. Thirteen compounds including axillarin (1), Luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (8) and rutin (13) as flavonoids, fraxetin (7), isofraxidin (9), isofraxidin-7-O-glucoside (11) and fraxidin (12) as coumarins, tatridin A (2), altissin (3), tamirin (4) and tanachin (5) as sesquiterpene lactones and 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy acetophenone (6) and picein (10) as acetophenone derivatives were isolated from the methanol extract of the species. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR techniques and by comparing with the literature data. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line by XTT assay. Sesquiterpene lactones; tatridin A (2), tamirin (4) and tanachin (5) were found to be the most cytotoxic molecules against MCF-7 cell line.

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