scholarly journals Brassica oleracea Prevents HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damages in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mi-Ryung Kim ◽  
Tae-Il Kim ◽  
Beom-Rak Choi ◽  
Moon Bong Kim ◽  
Il Je Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visible Lesion

Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) is a popular vegetable with a wide range of pharmacological activities that help to promote human health. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of B. oleracea var. capitata L. extract (BOE) on HCl/ethanol (H/E)-induced gastric damages in mice. Pre-administration of BOE (25–100 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days significantly decreased macroscopically visible lesion on the gastric mucosa induced by H/E. In addition, results from hematoxylin and eosin-stained gastric tissue showed that BOE inhibited invaded percentage of lesion and prevented the reduction in mucosal thickness in peri-ulcerative region. BOE significantly alleviated the H/E-mediated decreases in Alcian blue binding, total hexose, sialic acid, and collagen in the gastric tissue, suggesting BOE attenuates the gastric damage via preserving the integrity of gastric mucus. Moreover, BOE significantly decreased histamine level in the plasma and reduced mRNA levels associated with secreting gastric acid. Furthermore, BOE inhibited myeloperoxidase activity and suppressed nuclear factor-κB mRNA and its dependent inflammatory genes expression induced by H/E. BOE also strengthened antioxidant enzyme activity, with a mitigating H/E-mediated increase in malondialdehyde level of the gastric tissue. Thus, these results suggest that BOE has the potential to protect the gastric tissue via inhibiting gastric acid secretion, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Central Administration of Resveratrol Improves Diet-Induced Diabetes

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 5326-5333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ramadori ◽  
Laurent Gautron ◽  
Teppei Fujikawa ◽  
Claudia R. Vianna ◽  
Joel K. Elmquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Iκb Kinase

Abstract Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that activates nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Resveratrol has recently been shown to exert potent antidiabetic actions when orally delivered to animal models of type 2 diabetes. However, the tissue(s) mediating these beneficial effects is unknown. Because SIRT1 is expressed in central nervous system (CNS) neurons known to control glucose and insulin homeostasis, we hypothesized that resveratrol antidiabetic effects are mediated by the brain. Here, we report that long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of resveratrol normalizes hyperglycemia and greatly improves hyperinsulinemia in diet-induced obese and diabetic mice. It is noteworthy that these effects are independent of changes in body weight, food intake, and circulating leptin levels. In addition, CNS resveratrol delivery improves hypothalamic nuclear factor-κB inflammatory signaling by reducing acetylated-RelA/p65 and total RelA/p65 protein contents, and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α and IκB kinase β mRNA levels. Furthermore, this treatment leads to reduced hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 mRNA and protein levels and ameliorates pyruvate-induced hyperglycemia in this mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Collectively, our results unveiled a previously unrecognized key role for the CNS in mediating the antidiabetic actions of resveratrol.

scholarly journals Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. Alleviates Indomethacin-Induced Acute Gastric Injury by Enhancing Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Seong Hwan Ryou ◽  
Il Je Cho ◽  
Beom-Rak Choi ◽  
Moon Bong Kim ◽  
Young Sam Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Vitamin U ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (white cabbage) is a valuable vegetable with diverse nutraceutical benefit. Present study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of B. oleracea extract (BOE) standardized by vitamin U on indomethacin (IND)-induced acute gastric injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pre-administration of three different doses of BOE (12.5–50 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly decreased visible ulcerative lesions in the gastric tissue. In addition, BOE alleviated IND-mediated increase in histological score with inhibiting invaded percentage of lesion and restoring mucosa thickness in peri-ulcerative region. BOE increased the gastric tissue bound to Alcian blue and inhibited the decrease in hexose, sialic acid, and collagen levels by IND, suggesting that BOE protects the gastric tissue through preserving mucus and mucosal integrity. Moreover, BOE pre-administration blocked the reduction of prostaglandin E2 and down-regulated histamine and mRNA expression related to secret gastric acid. Furthermore, BOE mitigated inflammatory responses in the gastric tissue by decreasing activity of myeloperoxidase and expression of nuclear factor-κB-dependent inflammatory genes. BOE also suppressed malondialdehyde with preventing the reduction of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the gastric tissue. Therefore, results from present study suggest that BOE will have a potential for preventing gastric injury.

Transcending Time and Space with Digital Emotional Support

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Colasante ◽  
Lauren Lin ◽  
Kalee DeFrance ◽  
Tom Hollenstein
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Good News ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socially Isolated

In the current digital age, emotional support is increasingly received through digital devices. However, virtually all studies assessing the benefits of emotional support have focused on in-person support. Using an experience sampling methodology, we assessed participants’ negative emotions, digital and in-person support for those emotions, and success in regulating them three times per day for 14 days, thus covering a wide range of digital support scenarios (N = 164 participants with 6,530 collective measurement occasions). We also considered whether participants were alone versus with others at the time of their negative emotion and higher versus lower in social avoidance as plausible moderators of when digital support was utilized and effective. We expected more pronounced use and efficacy of digital support when participants were alone and higher in trait social avoidance. However, digital support was used and perceived as effective for regulating negative emotions regardless of these factors and its beneficial effects were on par with those of traditional in-person support. The unique benefits of digital support may not be restricted to socially isolated or socially avoidant users. These findings are timely given the widespread anxiety and isolation under the current COVID-19 pandemic. If transcending time and space with digital emotional support is the new norm, the good news is that it seems to be working.

scholarly journals Bee Pollen Diet Alters the Bacterial Flora and Antimicrobial Peptides in the Oral Cavities of Mice

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
Ariuntsetseg Khurelchuluun ◽  
Osamu Uehara ◽  
Durga Paudel ◽  
Tetsuro Morikawa ◽  
Yutaka Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metagenomic Study ◽  
Systemic Health

Background: Bee pollen (BP) has a broad range of beneficial effects on health. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BP on the oral environment, including the microbiome and antimicrobial peptides. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: control and BP. The BP group was fed with a 5% BP diet for 1 month. Swabs from the oral and buccal mucosa and samples of the intestinal stool were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and the microbiome was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: BP inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis at a concentration of >2.5%. The metagenomic study showed that the abundance of genus Lactococcus was significantly elevated in the oral and intestinal microbiomes of the BP group when compared to those of the control group. Significant alterations in alpha and beta diversity were observed between the oral microbiomes of the two groups. The mRNA levels of beta-defensin-2 and -3 were significantly upregulated in the buccal mucosa of the BP group. Conclusion: A BP diet may have a beneficial effect on oral and systemic health by modulating the bacterial flora and antimicrobial peptides of the oral cavity. Further investigations are needed to clarify how a BP diet affects overall human health.

scholarly journals Glatiramer Acetate Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Fatigue—Beneficial Effects on Self-Assessment Scales But Not on Molecular Markers

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Oliver Neuhaus ◽  
Wolfgang Köhler ◽  
Florian Then Bergh ◽  
Wolfgang Kristoferitsch ◽  
Jürgen Faiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Although fatigue is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), its pathomechanisms are incompletely understood. Glatiramer acetate (GA), an immunomodulatory agent approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), possesses unique mechanisms of action and has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects on MS fatigue. The objective of this study was to correlate clinical, neuropsychological, and immunological parameters in RRMS patients with fatigue before and during treatment with GA. In a prospective, open-label, multicenter trial, 30 patients with RRMS and fatigue were treated with GA for 12 months. Inclusion criterion was the presence of fatigue as one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms. Before and during treatment, fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the MS-FSS, and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). In addition, fatigue and quality of life were assessed using the Visual Analog Scales (VAS). Laboratory assessments included screening of 188 parameters using real-time PCR microarrays followed by further analysis of several cytokines, chemokines, and neurotrophic factors. Fatigue self-assessments were completed in 25 patients. After 12 months of treatment with GA, 13 of these patients improved in all three scales (with the most prominent effects on the MFIS), whereas 5 patients had deteriorated. The remaining 7 patients exhibited inconsistent effects within the three scales. Fatigue and overall quality of life had improved, as assessed via VAS. Laboratory assessments revealed heterogeneous mRNA levels of cytokines, chemokines, and neurotrophic factors. In conclusion, we were not able to correlate clinical and molecular effects of GA in patients with RRMS and fatigue.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Martín ◽  
Sonia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Properties

Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Cellular effects of glycine and trehalose air-polishing powders on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Weusmann ◽  
James Deschner ◽  
Jean-Claude Imber ◽  
Anna Damanaki ◽  
Natalia D. P. Leguizamón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Air Polishing ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Objectives Air-polishing has been used in the treatment of periodontitis and gingivitis for years. The introduction of low-abrasive powders has enabled the use of air-polishing devices for subgingival therapy. Within the last decade, a wide range of different low-abrasive powders for subgingival use has been established. In this study, the effects of a glycine powder and a trehalose powder on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were investigated. Methods HGF were derived from three systemically and periodontally healthy donors. After 24 h and 48 h of incubation time, mRNA levels, and after 48 h, protein levels of TNFα, IL-8, CCL2, and VEGF were determined. In addition, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and in vitro wound healing were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05). Results Glycine powder significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory genes and showed exploitation of the NF-κB pathway, albeit trehalose powder hardly interfered with cell function and did not trigger the NF-κB pathway. In contrast to trehalose, glycine showed a significant inhibitory effect on the in vitro wound healing rate. Conclusion Subgingivally applicable powders for air-polishing devices can regulate cell viability and proliferation as well as cytokine expression. Our in vitro study suggests that the above powders may influence HGF via direct cell effects. Trehalose appears to be relatively inert compared to glycine powder.

scholarly journals Role of ASM/Cer/TXNIP signaling module in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Jiang ◽  
Yining Shi ◽  
Jiyu Cao ◽  
Youjin Lu ◽  
Gengyun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitor ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the effects of ceramide (Cer) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and their underlying mechanisms. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in J774A.1 cells and THP-1 macrophages was used as an in vitro model of inflammation. Western blotting and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels, respectively. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were measured by ELISA. ASM assay kit and immunofluorescence were used to detect ASM activity and Cer content. Results Imipramine, a well-known inhibitor of ASM, significantly inhibited LPS/ATP-induced activity of ASM and the consequent accumulation of Cer. Additionally, imipramine suppressed the LPS/ATP-induced expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 at the protein and mRNA level. Interestingly verapamil, a TXNIP inhibitor, suppressed LPS/ATP-induced activation of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome but did not affect LPS/ATP-induced ASM activation and Cer formation. TXNIP siRNA and verapamil inhibited C2-Cer-induced upregulation of TXNIP and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, the pretreatment of cells with sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO), an irreversible inhibitor of the scavenger receptor CD36, blocked Cer-induced upregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, TXNIP expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by SN50 prevented Cer-induced upregulation of TXNIP and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome but did not affect CD36 expression. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the ASM/Cer/TXNIP signaling pathway is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results documented that the CD36-dependent NF-κB-TXNIP signaling pathway plays an essential role in the Cer-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages.

Co-activation of synovial fibroblasts by laminin-111 and transforming growth factor-β induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 10 independently of nuclear factor-κB

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Warstat ◽  
T Pap ◽  
G Klein ◽  
S Gay ◽  
W K Aicher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Significant Expression

We showed previously that the attachment of synovial fibroblasts to laminin (LM)-111 in the presence of transforming growth factor-β induces significant expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3. Here we go on to investigate the regulation of additional MMPs and their specific tissue inhibitors of matrix proteases (TIMPs). Changes in steady-state mRNA levels encoding TIMPs and MMPs were investigated by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Production of MMPs was monitored by a multiplexed immunoarray. Signal transduction pathways were studied by immunoblotting. Attachment of synovial fibroblasts to LM-111 in the presence of transforming growth factor-β induced significant increases in MMP-3 mRNA (12.35-fold, p<0.001) and protein (mean 62 ng/ml, sixfold, p<0.008) and in expression of MMP-10 mRNA (11.68-fold, p<0.05) and protein (54 ng/ml, 20-fold, p⩾0.02). All other TIMPs and MMPs investigated failed to show this LM-111-facilitated transforming growth factor-β response. No phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB was observed. We conclude that co-stimulation of synovial fibroblasts by LM-111 together with transforming growth factor-β suffices to induce significant expression of MMP-3 and MMP-10 by synovial fibroblasts and that this induction is independent of nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Strategies and Respiratory Disease of the Preterm Newborn: An Update

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Poggi ◽  
Carlo Dani
Keyword(s):  
Lung Damage ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Preterm newborns are challenged by an excessive oxidative burden, as a result of several perinatal stimuli, as intrauterine infections, resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and postnatal complications, in the presence of immature antioxidant capacities. “Oxygen radical disease of neonatology” comprises a wide range of conditions sharing a common pathway of pathogenesis and includes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other main complications of prematurity. Antioxidant strategies may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress- (OS-) related lung disease of the preterm newborn. Endotracheal supplementation or lung-targeted overexpression of superoxide dismutase was proved to reduce lung damage in several models; however, the supplementation in preterm newborn failed to reduce the risk of BPD, although long-term respiratory outcomes were improved. Also melatonin administration to small cohorts of preterm newborns suggested beneficial effects on lung OS. The possibility to identify single nucleotide polymorphism affecting the risk of BPD may help to identify specific populations with particularly high risk of OS-related diseases and may pose the basis for individually targeted treatments. Finally, surfactant replacement may lead to local anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thanks to specific enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants naturally present in animal surfactants.

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