scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of the Substitution of Freshly Mined Sands with Recycled Crushed Glass on the Properties of Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3318
Author(s):  
Rajeev Devaraj ◽  
Jonathan Jordan ◽  
Christophe Gerber ◽  
Ayodele Olofinjana

Although many works have reported on the effects of using waste materials on the functional properties of concrete, the results are generally diverse. In this work, the effects of substitution of fresh sands with crushed waste glass (CWG) for a concrete mix design of 32 MPa concrete is explored. The mechanical properties were followed with standardised mechanical tests including compression, indirect tensile, and four-point bend tests. It is shown that the compressive strength of concrete containing 15% of CWG produced the highest compressive strength of 34.54 MPa. The splitting tensile and flexural strengths of the concrete mixtures containing CWG both exhibited a maximum strength of 3.21 and 4.90 MPa, respectively at 15% CWG content. Furthermore, it was found that a maximum of 30% CWG can be substituted without a reduction in the mechanical strength. The loss of strength with higher volume proportion of CWG is attributed to the morphological difference between the riverbed and CWG sand particles. The latter had sharp ends that at a critical content might promote stress concentration. Semiquantitative analysis by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) suggests the presence of alkaline silica reaction (ASR) gel at the interface of glass particles and the mortar matrix. Further exploration of glass mortar interfaces found evidence of ASR gel-induced cracking in the vicinity of the CWG particles in mortar matrix.

Author(s):  
Nandy Candra ◽  
Whendy Trissan

Plastic bottle is waste that can be utilized. This research is used as additive in concrete mixtures can provide an alternative to Utilize the waste. Such as waste plastic bottles PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate). Optimizing the utilization of waste plastic bottles PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) is expected to reduce the waste that pollutes the environment and provide added value.The fiber to be used as an additive in concrete mixtures. The fibers are mixed with fine aggregate, water and PPC cement type I gresik brands. Concrete mix design using SNI 03-2843-2000 about how making plans mixture of normal concrete. Tests using a cylinder measuring 10 cm x 20 cm, each variation using 10 samples consisting of five variations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and tested at 14 and 28 days in Laboratory Studies Engineering Education building the Faculty of Education University of Palangkaraya.Average compressive strength at 14 days for variations of coarse aggregate mixture of chopped plastic bottle 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively for 23:02 MPa; 12:35 MPa; 10.49 MPa; 9.6 MPa; 8.83 MPa. Average compressive strength at 28 days for variations of coarse aggregate mixture of chopped plastic bottle 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively for 25.77 MPa; 13.62 MPa; 11.84 MPa; 10.8 MPa; 10:28 MPa


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 6734-6742
Author(s):  
A. Syamsir ◽  
S. M. Mubin ◽  
N. M. Nor ◽  
V. Anggraini ◽  
S. Nagappan ◽  
...  

This study investigated the combine effect of 0.2 % drink cans and steel fibers with volume fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% to the mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete. Hooked-end steel fiber with 30 mm and 0.75 mm length and diameter, respectively was selected for this study.  The drinks cans fiber were twisted manually in order to increase friction between fiber and concrete. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of steel fibers and drink cans fibers improved the strength performance of concrete, especially the compressive strength, flexural strength and indirect tensile strength. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of steel fibers and drink cans fibers improved the compressive strength, flexural strength and indirect tensile strength by 2.3, 7, and 2 times as compare to batch 1, respectively. Moreover, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced concrete has increase by 7 times as compared to non-fiber concretes. Moreover, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced concrete consistently gave better results as compared to non-fiber concretes. The fiber reinforced concrete turned more ductile as the dosage of fibers was increased and ductility started to decrease slightly after optimum fiber dosage was reached. It was found that concrete with combination of 2% steel and 0.2% drink cans fibers showed the highest compressive, split tensile, flexural as well as impact strength.    


Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Salmabanu Luhar ◽  
Demetris Nicolaides ◽  
Ismail Luhar

Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure properties—XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM as well as physico-chemical modifications of geopolymer composites subsequent to their exposures at elevated temperatures is reviewed in depth. The present scientific state-of-the-art review manuscript aimed to assess the fire and thermal resistance of geopolymer concrete along with its thermo-chemistry at a towering temperature in order to introduce this novel, most modern, user and eco-benign construction materials as potentially promising, sustainable, durable, thermal and fire-resistant building materials promoting their optimal and apposite applications for construction and infrastructure industries.


Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Tamrin ◽  
Juli Nurdiana

This study examined HDPE (high-density polyethylene) plastic waste as an added material for concrete mixtures. The selection of HDPE was based on its increased strength, hardness, and resistance to high temperatures compared with other plastics. It focused on how HDPE plastic can be used as an additive in concrete to increase its tensile strength and compressive strength. 156 specimens were used to identify the effect of adding different percentages and sizes of HDPE lamellar particles to lower, medium, and higher strength concrete for non-structural applications. HDPE 0.5 mm thick lamellar particles with sizes of 10 × 10 mm, 5 × 20 mm, and 2.5 × 40 mm were added at 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% by weight of cement. The results showed that the medium concrete class (with compressive strength equal to 10 MPa) had the best response to the addition of HDPE. The 5% HDPE addition represented the optimal mix for all concrete types, while the 5 × 20 mm size was best.


2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
A.A. Bryansky ◽  
O.V. Bashkov ◽  
Daria P. Malysheva ◽  
Denis B. Solovev

The paper presents the results of the study of registered acoustic emission (AE) parameters during static deformation and damaging of polymer composite materials (PCM). Mechanical tests were done by a static tension and a static three-point bend, accompanied by an acoustic emission method. The assessment of the loading rate effect on defects formation processes was done by additional static tension test at rate equal half of recommended by the standard and static three-point bend test at rate ten times lower than that calculated by the standard. Clustering by frequency components of the recorded AE signals with a self-organizing Kohonen map was performed. The characteristics of the types of PCM structure damage by the centroids of the obtained clusters are given. Based on the clusters accumulation during mechanical tests, the stages of damage formation for static tension and static three-point bend, the loading rate effect on the process of damage formation are described.


2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Kavussi ◽  
Leila Hashemian

One of the main advantages of warm mix asphalt (WMA) used as an alternative to conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA), is to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures. This laboratory study was conducted with the aim of determining physical properties of WMA mixes produced using foam bitumen technology (WMA–Foam), while applying different mixing and compaction temperatures. The effect of laboratory compaction method on mix properties was also investigated. WMA–Foam mixes were produced, adding a soft bitumen to coarse aggregate particles at the first stage, then a hard bitumen, transformed into foam bitumen using a laboratory foam making device, was directly added to aggregates at the next stage. Compaction was performed separately applying both Marshall and gyratory compactors (GC) at different temperatures. Marshall Stability and void contents of the samples were determined as two major parameters for characterizing WMA–Foam mixes. Moisture susceptibility and rutting potential of WMA–Foam samples were evaluated using indirect tensile strength (ITS) and wheel tracking tests. In addition, separate samples were prepared, in which hydrated lime powder was added as an anti-stripping agent to improve adhesion properties of the mixes. Comparing the results of WMA–Foam mixes with control HMA of the same content, resulted in mixes with similar properties of the control HMA, with appreciably lower production and compaction temperatures of the former. It was also resulted that mixes compacted with gyratory compactor were less sensitive to temperature variations than those compacted with Marshall Hammer. Santrauka Pagrindinis šiltai maišyto asfalto mišinių privalumas, lyginant su įprastiniais karštai maišyto asfalto mišiniais, yra galimybė sumažinti asfalto mišinio maišymo ir tankinimo temperatūras. Šio laboratorinio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti šiltai maišyto asfalto mišinių, gaminamų pagal putoto bitumo technologiją (WMA-Foam), fizines savybes taikant skirtingas maišymo ir tankinimo temperatūras. Taip pat buvo tirtas skirtingų laboratorinių tankinimo metodų poreikis asfalto mišinio savybėms. WMA-Foam technologijos mišiniai gaminti pirmame etape į stambiąsias mineralines medžiagas dedant minkštąjį bitumą, o kitame etape – kietajį bitumą specialiu laboratoriniu putojimo įrenginiu pavertus putotu bitumu dedant į pirmame etape paruoštas mineralines medžiagas. Tankinta atskirai Maršalo plūktuvu ir giratoriaus presu skirtingose mišinio temperatūrose. Maršalo bandinių pastovumas ir oro tuštumų skaičius buvo nustatyti kaip du pagrindiniai WMA-Foamtechnologijos mišinius charakterizuojantys parametrai. WMA-Foam technologijos bandinių jautrumas vandeniui ir atsparumas provėžų susidarymui buvo vertinti pagal netiesioginio tempimo jėgos ir rato riedėjimo vėžės nustatymo bandymus. Keletas bandinių papildomai buvo pagaminti su gesintosiomis kalkėmis, t. y. asfalto mišinio sukibimą gerinančiu priedu. Lyginant WMA-Foam technologijos ir karštai maišyto asfalto mišinių bandymų rezultatus nustatyta, kad identiškos sudėties WMA-Foam technologijos mišinių savybės yra panašios į karštai maišyto asfalto mišinių savybes, tačiau jos pasiekiamos pastebimai žemesnėse maišymo ir tankinimo temperatūrose. Taip pat nustatyta, kad asfalto mišinio bandiniai, pagaminti giratoriaus presu, buvo ne tokie jautrūs gamybos temperatūros kitimui, lyginant su bandiniais, pagamintais Maršalo plūktuvu.


2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Balbo

Indirect tensile strength is not usually used for concrete mixtures proportioning and its technological control; flexural strength tests under third point loads arrangement are the pattern for such goals. Indeed, neither of such tests have the capability to set up the actual strength of a concrete slab since its response is under plane stress state. A critical review of the basic concepts on both kinds of tests allows foreseeing its limitations as well as how to overcome such shortcomings. At last correlations between the two kinds of tensile strength are presented considering dry and plastic concretes typically applied on paving, corroborating to former results achieved for plastic concretes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2416-2424
Author(s):  
Erniati Bachtiar ◽  
Mustaan Mustaan ◽  
Faris Jumawan ◽  
Meldawati Artayani ◽  
Tahang Tahang ◽  
...  

This study aims to examine the effect of recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive strength and flexural strength, and the volume weight of the concrete. PET plastic waste is recycled by heating to a boiling point of approximately 300°C. There are five variations of concrete mixtures, defined the percentage of PET artificial aggregate to the total coarse aggregate, by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Tests carried out on fresh concrete mixtures are slump, bleeding, and segregation tests. Compressive and flexural strength tests proceeded based on ASTM 39/C39M-99 and ASTM C293-79 standards at the age of 28 days. The results showed that the use of PET artificial aggregate could improve the workability of the concrete mixture. The effect of PET artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete is considered very significant. The higher the percentage of PET plastic artificial aggregate, the lower the compressive and flexural strength, and the volume weight, of the concrete. Substitution of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of PET artificial aggregate gave decreases in compressive strength of 30.06, 32.39, 41.73 and 44.06% of the compressive strength of the standard concrete (18.20 MPa), respectively. The reductions in flexural strength were by respectively 19.03, 54.50, 53.95 and 61.00% of the standard concrete's flexural strength (3.59 MPa). The reductions in volume weight of concrete were by respectively 8.45, 17.71, 25.07 and 34.60% of the weight of the standard concrete volume of 2335.4 kg/m3 Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091626 Full Text: PDF


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Piotr Musiał ◽  
Filip Grzymski ◽  
Tomasz Trapko

AbstractThis paper presents experimental research on expanded clay aggregate concrete. The aim of the investigations was to determine if the pre-wetting of expanded clay aggregate has an effect on the freeze-thaw durability of the expanded clay aggregate concrete. Five concrete series based on the same concrete mix design were made and tested. The degree of pre-wetting of the aggregate was varied: dry aggregate was used in the first series, aggregate with a moisture content of 10% was used in series IA and IB and aggregate with a moisture content of 25% was used in series IIA and IIB. Also the approach to the production process was varied: in series A the water contained in the aggregate was taken into account in the global water-cement ratio (consequently a reduced amount of water was added to the mix), whereas in series B the nominal amount of water was added to the mix (as in the case of dry aggregate). The freeze-thaw resistance criterion was based on the assessment of the decrease of compressive strength and increase in weight loss after exposure to freeze-thaw cycles. The expanded clay aggregate concrete's strength and mass decrements caused by freeze-thaw cycling were used as the measure of its freeze-thaw resistance. The investigations have shown that the pre-wetting of expanded clay aggregate has an effect on the freeze-thaw durability of the expanded clay aggregate concrete. The differences of concrete compressive strength decrease related to freeze-thaw durability may be 2 to 5 times greater when inadequate method of calculating mixing water for concrete is used.


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