scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Rescue System Design and Traffic Model Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10481
Author(s):  
Haoran Zhao ◽  
Wenjie Yang ◽  
Huibin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Response System ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Buffer Material

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are widely used in disaster relief and road exploration in recent years. This paper mainly studied the emergency response of UAVs after disasters. The UAV response system is mainly suitable for the distribution of necessities and road exploration after geological disasters and tsunamis in coastal areas. By analyzing the problem and making reasonable assumptions, the optimization model was established with the traffic planning theory, and MATLAB software was used to program and solve the problem. An optimal scheduling scheme was presented to solve these problems. The normalization method was used to select a highly capable UAV. Taking the minimum volume of idle space buffer material as the objective function and taking into account the constraints, such as payload of unmanned aerial vehicle, a single objective programming model was established. The results are as follows: Each International Standards Organization (ISO) cargo container has five UAVs B, one UAV C, one UAV F and one UAV H. It provides 188 days of relief requirements with ISO cargo containers’ space utilization of 71.4%. The research shows that the UAV response system has the functions of necessities distribution and road exploration after disasters, and can be used to deal with the emergency response after disasters in coastal areas, and has a wide range of applicability.

scholarly journals Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles—A Multilayer Low-Altitude Airspace Model for Distributed UAV Traffic Management

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader S. Labib ◽  
Grégoire Danoy ◽  
Jedrzej Musial ◽  
Matthias R. Brust ◽  
Pascal Bouvry
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
New Research

The rapid adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) has encouraged the integration of new connected devices such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to the ubiquitous network. UAVs promise a pragmatic solution to the limitations of existing terrestrial IoT infrastructure as well as bring new means of delivering IoT services through a wide range of applications. Owning to their potential, UAVs are expected to soon dominate the low-altitude airspace over populated cities. This introduces new research challenges such as the safe management of UAVs operation under high traffic demands. This paper proposes a novel way of structuring the uncontrolled, low-altitude airspace, with the aim of addressing the complex problem of UAV traffic management at an abstract level. The work, hence, introduces a model of the airspace as a weighted multilayer network of nodes and airways and presents a set of experimental simulation results using three UAV traffic management heuristics.

scholarly journals Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Search and Rescue Missions Using Real-Time Cooperative Model Predictive Control

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A. A. Andrade ◽  
Anthony Hovenburg ◽  
Luciano Netto de de Lima ◽  
Christopher Dahlin Rodin ◽  
Tor Arne Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Human Operators

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have recently been used in a wide variety of applications due to their versatility, reduced cost, rapid deployment, among other advantages. Search and Rescue (SAR) is one of the most prominent areas for the employment of UAVs in place of a manned mission, especially because of its limitations on the costs, human resources, and mental and perception of the human operators. In this work, a real-time path-planning solution using multiple cooperative UAVs for SAR missions is proposed. The technique of Particle Swarm Optimization is used to solve a Model Predictive Control (MPC) problem that aims to perform search in a given area of interest, following the directive of international standards of SAR. A coordinated turn kinematic model for level flight in the presence of wind is included in the MPC. The solution is fully implemented to be embedded in the UAV on-board computer with DUNE, an on-board navigation software. The performance is evaluated using Ardupilot’s Software-In-The-Loop with JSBSim flight dynamics model simulations. Results show that, when employing three UAVs, the group reaches 50% Probability of Success 2.35 times faster than when a single UAV is employed.

US armed UAV precedent will hinder global rules-making

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range

Subject Post-Obama armed UAV policy. Significance As President Barack Obama prepares to leave office in January 2017, his administration has called for the United States to lead development of a set of international norms to govern the use of armed UAVs ('unmanned aerial vehicles' or 'drones'). The international proliferation and military use of armed UAVs by nations outside the circle of trusted US allies have highlighted the urgency of formulating clearly articulated international rules to govern an otherwise vaguely defined arena of international behaviour dominated by US precedent. Impacts Congressional aversion to supporting ground interventions abroad will enable the next president further to delay UAV policy reform. A wide range of countries frustrated with restrictions from Washington may turn to China as a key supplier of armed UAVs. Failed US efforts to reform the covert drone programme may complicate intelligence-sharing with European allies.

scholarly journals Analysis of the military application of unmanned aircraft and main direction for their development

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zagorski
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Military Application ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development

Modern military unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are assigned a wide range of functions, for the implementation of which they perform many tasks in various military conflicts. The results of the analysis give them the opportunity to reveal the problems in the use of UAVs, make changes in their functions and tasks and identify areas for further development. At present, this requires the introduction of the achievements of artificial intelligence, the introduction of expert systems and microelectronics on board UAVs, as well as their integration with various other means of conducting armed struggle. At the same time, some of the technological solutions for the creation and improvement of UAVs for military purposes can be applied in the civilian sector.

scholarly journals Key wireless communication technologies to support traffic management systems of unmanned aerial vehicles for civil application (review of foreign literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-92
Author(s):  
E. A. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aircraft System

Not less than one hundred thousand Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are expected to perform flights simultaneously in Russia by 2035. The UAV fleet capacity triggers the development of the systems for informational support, operating control and management of UAV flights (Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) systems) similar to that one already operating in manned aviation. The challenges arising in the sphere of civil aviation cannot be solved without wireless communication. The goals of this article are as follows: 1) familiarization of communication experts with the latest scientific developments of unmanned aerial technologies 2) description of the telecommunication-related problems of extensive systems of UAV control encountered by development engineers. In this article a schematic architecture and main functions of UTM systems are described as well as the examples of their implementation. Special emphasis is put on enhancing flight safety by means of a rational choice of communication technologies to manage conflicts (Conflict Management) known as "collision avoidance". The article analyzes the application of a wide range of wireless technologies ranging from Wi-Fi and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) to 5G cellular networks as well as cell-free networks contributing to the development of 6G communication networks. As a result of the analysis, a list of promising research trends at the intersection of the fields of wireless communication and UAVs for civil application is made.

Perching and resting—A paradigm for UAV maneuvering with modularized landing gears

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. eaau6637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Hang ◽  
Ximin Lyu ◽  
Haoran Song ◽  
Johannes A. Stork ◽  
Aaron M. Dollar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Time Of Operation

Perching helps small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) extend their time of operation by saving battery power. However, most strategies for UAV perching require complex maneuvering and rely on specific structures, such as rough walls for attaching or tree branches for grasping. Many strategies to perching neglect the UAV’s mission such that saving battery power interrupts the mission. We suggest enabling UAVs with the capability of making and stabilizing contacts with the environment, which will allow the UAV to consume less energy while retaining its altitude, in addition to the perching capability that has been proposed before. This new capability is termed “resting.” For this, we propose a modularized and actuated landing gear framework that allows stabilizing the UAV on a wide range of different structures by perching and resting. Modularization allows our framework to adapt to specific structures for resting through rapid prototyping with additive manufacturing. Actuation allows switching between different modes of perching and resting during flight and additionally enables perching by grasping. Our results show that this framework can be used to perform UAV perching and resting on a set of common structures, such as street lights and edges or corners of buildings. We show that the design is effective in reducing power consumption, promotes increased pose stability, and preserves large vision ranges while perching or resting at heights. In addition, we discuss the potential applications facilitated by our design, as well as the potential issues to be addressed for deployment in practice.

scholarly journals Graphic Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the Study of Industrial Heritage Assets

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8821
Author(s):  
Sergio Martín-Béjar ◽  
Juan Claver ◽  
Miguel A. Sebastián ◽  
Lorenzo Sevilla
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
Conventional Systems

As a typology of cultural heritage, a wide range of singularities must to be taken into account when analysing industrial heritage assets. Graphical resources have been usually employed in heritage assets research. Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer the possibility to obtain images of complex and difficult access areas that cannot be observed on the ground. Furthermore, aerial images allow to analyse heritage assets as a whole. Therefore, in this work, different photographs and videos has been carried out in the San Joaquin sugar cane factory and in the Aguila aqueduct, located in Nerja (Spain). These images have been used to analyse both assets as a set. Different indirect measurements on the factory chimney and irrigation water pond were taken. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) about the use of UAV graphic applications in heritage assets was developed. Finally, the possibilities of conventional photograph technologies and UAV application were compared. Using UAVs allows more image acquisition possibilities than conventional systems. However, both technologies can be complemented and applied together when analysing heritage assets.

scholarly journals Effect of the Inclusion of Photovoltaic Solar Panels in the Autonomy of UAV Time of Flight

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Joana Engana Carmo ◽  
João Paulo Neto Torres ◽  
Gonçalo Cruz ◽  
Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Photovoltaic technology and unmanned aerial vehicles are both alluring areas with a lot of potential to explore. Consequently, they have an ability to adapt and progress when faced with new challenges, hence their wide range of applications. An auspicious combination between the two is born from the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ (UAVs) inability to to overcome some of its problems, namely the autonomy one. This article springs from the need to vanquish the problem, finding a more permanent solution. Its aim consists in the installation of solar photovoltaic panels in the structure of a UAV, with the objective of studying being its influence on the vehicle’s time of flight. To accomplish this, a theoretical study will be made, encompassing all the potential variables together with its influence. In order to verify the credibility of these claims, a prototype, based on the original aerial vehicle structure form and material, is constructed, using a finite element tool. Later, the prototype is used to evaluate possible harsh circumambient air to structure interactions, modeled by the fluid motion describer Navier–Stokes equations. For a smooth approach involving lighter computational power, a RANS model is used to asses the equations. Based on its results the chosen solar technology credibility is evaluated. A simulation of solar cells will also be carried out, accepting as input previously studied parameters which will modify its performance. Bearing in mind the produced results, it is concluded that the solar panels can only significantly augment the time of flight in very specific conditions.

scholarly journals Method for analyzing the stability of information transfer between unmanned aerial vehicles in the formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
G. S. Vasilyev ◽  
O. R. Kuzichkin ◽  
I. A. Kurilov ◽  
D. I. Surzhik
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
High Order ◽  
Piecewise Linear Approximation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Stability

The use of a formation consisting of adaptive autonomous mobile agents allows solving a wide range of tasks that are often beyond the capabilities of individual agents. A multi-agent formation is a complex high-order dynamic system, so analyzing the stability of such a system is a complex task. At present, the problem of estimating the stability of a formation formed by substantially nonlinear high-order agents with variable dynamic parameters is not sufficiently considered. This task is particularly important for a formation that is affected by complex unstable environmental conditions, in particular for the formation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A method for analyzing the stability of formations of nonlinear agents with different types and orders of transfer function has been developed for studying information exchange in UAV networks. The new approach is based on the use of the Popov frequency criterion and the piecewise linear approximation of the hodograph. A computational experiment was performed to analyze the stability of a formation with transfer functions of various types and orders from the 1st to the 10th. The conducted studies revealed a significant difference in the calculated boundary coefficients of formation stability in the linear and nonlinear modes, which confirms the need to analyze the nonlinear stability under the influence of strong destabilizing influences on the formation.

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