scholarly journals Ice-Templated Porous Nanocellulose-Based Materials: Current Progress and Opportunities for Materials Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Gupta ◽  
Florian Martoïa ◽  
Laurent Orgéas ◽  
Pierre Dumont
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Current State ◽  
Suspension Formulation ◽  
Ice Templating

Nanocelluloses (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs, or cellulose nanofibrils, CNFs) are the elementary reinforcing constituents of plant cell walls. Because of their pronounced slenderness and outstanding intrinsic mechanical properties, nanocelluloses constitute promising building blocks for the design of future biobased high-performance materials such as nanocomposites, dense and transparent films, continuous filaments, and aerogels and foams. The research interest in nanocellulose-based aerogels and foams is recent but growing rapidly. These materials have great potential in many engineering fields, including construction, transportation, energy, and biomedical sectors. Among the various processing routes used to obtain these materials, ice-templating is one of the most regarded, owing to its simplicity and versatility and the wide variety of porous materials that this technique can provide. The focus of this review is to discuss the current state of the art and understanding of ice-templated porous nanocellulose-based materials. We provide a review of the main forming processes that use the principle of ice-templating to produce porous nanocellulose-based materials and discuss the effect of processing conditions and suspension formulation on the resulting microstructures of the materials.

scholarly journals Recent advancements and perspectives on light management and high performance in perovskite light-emitting diodes

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoni Kar ◽  
Nur Fadilah Jamaludin ◽  
Natalia Yantara ◽  
Subodh G. Mhaisalkar ◽  
Wei Lin Leong
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Light Management ◽  
Photon Recycling

Abstract Perovskite semiconductors have experienced meteoric rise in a variety of optoelectronic applications. With a strong foothold on photovoltaics, much focus now lies on their light emission applications. Rapid progress in materials engineering have led to the demonstration of external quantum efficiencies that surpass the previously established theoretical limits. However, there remains much scope to further optimize the light propagation inside the device stack through careful tailoring of the optical processes that take place at the bulk and interface levels. Photon recycling in the emitter material followed by efficient outcoupling can result in boosting external efficiencies up to 100%. In addition, the poor ambient and operational stability of these materials and devices restrict further commercialization efforts. With best operational lifetimes of only a few hours reported, there is a long way to go before perovskite LEDs can be perceived as reliable alternatives to more established technologies like organic or quantum dot-based LED devices. This review article starts with the discussions of the mechanism of luminescence in these perovskite materials and factors impacting it. It then looks at the possible routes to achieve efficient outcoupling through nanostructuring of the emitter and the substrate. Next, we analyse the instability issues of perovskite-based LEDs from a photophysical standpoint, taking into consideration the underlying phenomena pertaining to defects, and summarize recent advances in mitigating the same. Finally, we provide an outlook on the possible routes forward for the field and propose new avenues to maximally exploit the excellent light-emitting capabilities of this family of semiconductors.

scholarly journals Novel Bloch wave excitation platform based on few-layer photonic crystal deposited on D-shaped optical fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Gonzalez-Valencia ◽  
Ignacio Del Villar ◽  
Pedro Torres
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bloch Wave ◽  
Nanophotonic Devices ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractWith the goal of ultimate control over the light propagation, photonic crystals currently represent the primary building blocks for novel nanophotonic devices. Bloch surface waves (BSWs) in periodic dielectric multilayer structures with a surface defect is a well-known phenomenon, which implies new opportunities for controlling the light propagation and has many applications in the physical and biological science. However, most of the reported structures based on BSWs require depositing a large number of alternating layers or exploiting a large refractive index (RI) contrast between the materials constituting the multilayer structure, thereby increasing the complexity and costs of manufacturing. The combination of fiber–optic-based platforms with nanotechnology is opening the opportunity for the development of high-performance photonic devices that enhance the light-matter interaction in a strong way compared to other optical platforms. Here, we report a BSW-supporting platform that uses geometrically modified commercial optical fibers such as D-shaped optical fibers, where a few-layer structure is deposited on its flat surface using metal oxides with a moderate difference in RI. In this novel fiber optic platform, BSWs are excited through the evanescent field of the core-guided fundamental mode, which indicates that the structure proposed here can be used as a sensing probe, along with other intrinsic properties of fiber optic sensors, as lightness, multiplexing capacity and easiness of integration in an optical network. As a demonstration, fiber optic BSW excitation is shown to be suitable for measuring RI variations. The designed structure is easy to manufacture and could be adapted to a wide range of applications in the fields of telecommunications, environment, health, and material characterization.

Future trends in diagnosis using laboratory-on-a-chip technologies

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. TALARY ◽  
J. P. H. BURT ◽  
R. PETHIG
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Microelectronic Fabrication ◽  
Wide Range

There has been an enormous growth in the development of biotechnological applications, where advances in the techniques of microelectronic fabrication and the technologies of miniaturization and integration in semiconductor industries are being applied to the production of Laboratory-on-a-Chip devices. The aim of this development is to create devices that will perform the same processes that are currently carried out in the laboratory in reduced timescales, at a lower cost, requiring less reagents, and with a greater resolution of detection and specificity. The expectations of this Laboratory-on-a-Chip revolution is that this technology will facilitate rapid advances in gene discovery, genetic mapping and gene expression with broader applications ranging from infectious diseases and cancer diagnostics to food quality and environmental testing. A review of the current state of development in this field reveals the scale of the ongoing revolution and serves to highlight the advances that can be perceived in the development of Laboratory-on-a-Chip technologies. Since miniaturization can be applied to such a wide range of laboratory processes, some of the sub-units that can be used as building blocks in these devices are described, with a brief description of some of the fabrication processes that can be used to create them.

Solution Processable Colloidal Nanoplates as Building Blocks for High-Performance Electronic Thin Films on Flexible Substrates

Nano Letters ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 6547-6553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Lin ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Anxiang Yin ◽  
Qiyuan He ◽  
Xiaoqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Solution Processable

48.1: Invited Paper: Inkjet printing of homogeneous and green cellulose nanofibrils dielectric for high performance IGZO TFTs

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (S2) ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
Honglong Ning ◽  
Shangxiong Zhou ◽  
Zhuohui Xu ◽  
Zhiqiang Fang ◽  
Jinyao Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils

Amino Acids Profiling in Fruit Juices by High Performance Liquid Chromatography: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2756-2767
Author(s):  
Vijaya Vemani ◽  
Mounika P ◽  
Poulami Das ◽  
Anand Kumar Tengli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Analytical Approaches

In the preservation of normal physiological functions, the building blocks of the body called amino acids play a crucial role. A number of valuable and nutritional phytoconstituents are contained in fruit juices, such as vitamins, minerals, microelements, organic acids, antioxidants, flavonoids, amino acids and other components. Due to the growing population and demand, the quality of fruit juices is decreasing. One of the unethical and harmful practices called adulteration or food fraudulence has been adopted by most food and beverage industries. The amino acids which is one of the most important phytochemicals of fruit and fruit juices which affects the organoleptic properties like color, odor, and taste of juices and also helps in authenticity process from governing bodies by providing total amino acid content. Consequently, the main aim of the present review work is to provide information regarding the importance of amino acids, how they are adulterated, the potential analytical approach to detected amino acids and which methods are generally accepted method by the food industries. According to the literature review, we presume that reverse phased high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization was the most adopted method for quality checking due to its advantages over other old and recent analytical approaches like simple, rapid, cost-effective nature, less / no sample matrix effect with high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision.

A SURVEY OF CHECKPOINT/RESTART TECHNIQUES ON DISTRIBUTED MEMORY SYSTEMS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1340011 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAISAL SHAHZAD ◽  
MARKUS WITTMANN ◽  
MORITZ KREUTZER ◽  
THOMAS ZEISER ◽  
GEORG HAGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Flow Solver ◽  
The Road ◽  
System A ◽  
Node Level ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Performance Computing

The road to exascale computing poses many challenges for the High Performance Computing (HPC) community. Each step on the exascale path is mainly the result of a higher level of parallelism of the basic building blocks (i.e., CPUs, memory units, networking components, etc.). The reliability of each of these basic components does not increase at the same rate as the rate of hardware parallelism. This results in a reduction of the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the whole system. A fault tolerance environment is thus indispensable to run large applications on such clusters. Checkpoint/Restart (C/R) is the classic and most popular method to minimize failure damage. Its ease of implementation makes it useful, but typically it introduces significant overhead to the application. Several efforts have been made to reduce the C/R overhead. In this paper we compare various C/R techniques for their overheads by implementing them on two different categories of applications. These approaches are based on parallel-file-system (PFS)-level checkpoints (synchronous/asynchronous) and node-level checkpoints. We utilize the Scalable Checkpoint/Restart (SCR) library for the comparison of node-level checkpoints. For asynchronous PFS-level checkpoints, we use the Damaris library, the SCR asynchronous feature, and application-based checkpointing via dedicated threads. Our baseline for overhead comparison is the naïve application-based synchronous PFS-level checkpointing method. A 3D lattice-Boltzmann (LBM) flow solver and a Lanczos eigenvalue solver are used as prototypical applications in which all the techniques considered here may be applied.

scholarly journals TAIJI: approaching experimental replicates-level accuracy for drug synergy prediction

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 2338-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Shuai Hu ◽  
Nouri Neamati ◽  
Yuanfang Guan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Combination ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Drug Synergism ◽  
High Throughput Drug Screening ◽  
Current State ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
High Prediction

Abstract Motivation Combination therapy is widely used in cancer treatment to overcome drug resistance. High-throughput drug screening is the standard approach to study the drug combination effects, yet it becomes impractical when the number of drugs under consideration is large. Therefore, accurate and fast computational tools for predicting drug synergistic effects are needed to guide experimental design for developing candidate drug pairs. Results Here, we present TAIJI, a high-performance software for fast and accurate prediction of drug synergism. It is based on the winning algorithm in the AstraZeneca-Sanger Drug Combination Prediction DREAM Challenge, which is a unique platform to unbiasedly evaluate the performance of current state-of-the-art methods, and includes 160 team-based submission methods. When tested across a broad spectrum of 85 different cancer cell lines and 1089 drug combinations, TAIJI achieved a high prediction correlation (0.53), approaching the accuracy level of experimental replicates (0.56). The runtime is at the scale of minutes to achieve this state-of-the-field performance. Availability and implementation TAIJI is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/GuanLab/TAIJI). It is functional with built-in Perl and Python. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals Defect Engineering in 2D Materials: Precise Manipulation and Improved Functionalities

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Junpeng Lu ◽  
Litao Sun ◽  
Zhenhua Ni
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Plasma Chemical ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Novel Structure

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted increasing interests in the last decade. The ultrathin feature of 2D materials makes them promising building blocks for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. With reducing dimensionality from 3D to 2D, the inevitable defects will play more important roles in determining the properties of materials. In order to maximize the functionality of 2D materials, deep understanding and precise manipulation of the defects are indispensable. In the recent years, increasing research efforts have been made on the observation, understanding, manipulation, and control of defects in 2D materials. Here, we summarize the recent research progress of defect engineering on 2D materials. The defect engineering triggered by electron beam (e-beam), plasma, chemical treatment, and so forth is comprehensively reviewed. Firstly, e-beam irradiation-induced defect evolution, structural transformation, and novel structure fabrication are introduced. With the assistance of a high-resolution electron microscope, the dynamics of defect engineering can be visualized in situ. Subsequently, defect engineering employed to improve the performance of 2D devices by means of other methods of plasma, chemical, and ozone treatments is reviewed. At last, the challenges and opportunities of defect engineering on promoting the development of 2D materials are discussed. Through this review, we aim to build a correlation between defects and properties of 2D materials to support the design and optimization of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.

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