scholarly journals Women Architects in Portugal: Working in Colonial Africa before the Carnation Revolution (1950–1974)

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Ana Vaz Milheiro ◽  
Filipa Fiúza
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Late Period ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Women Architects ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
The Ideal

How did women architects shape a modern world in the late period of Portuguese colonial Africa, just before the Carnation Revolution? The specific role of women in Portugal working in colonial African architectural culture has now started to be addressed by Portuguese and Lusophone-African historiography. During the 1950s, the presence of women in the metropolitan schools of architecture was reduced. Of those who could graduate, few actually worked as architects. Most were absorbed by the commonly feminine roles, resulting from marriage and from the ideal of family promoted by the Estado Novo dictatorship. To the ones that risked prosecution for working outside the family, the option of jobs associated with the feminine universe, such as teaching, was privileged. Among those who were emancipated from this pattern, the majority worked in familiar partnerships, regarded as an extension of marriage. The women architects that follow the husbands in their African emigration often ended up having the opportunities to work in their professional field partly due to the lack of qualified technicians, and to the high demand of commissions. This paper not only seeks to outline a perspective on these women, but also tries to understand the context of their work by presenting two case-studies in the late in the late period of Portuguese Colonisation: Maria Carlota Quintanilha and Maria Emilia Caria.

Mereka yang Tidak Dibayar Tinggi: Ibuisme, Taman Kanak-kanak, dan Kampung di Indramayu

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mochammad Arief Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Kindergarten Teachers ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Community Pressure ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Ideal

The ideology of state-ibuism has always been interwoven with how the New Order regime until nowadays government constructing the “ideal” role of women in the family and community through the PKK (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) organization. However, in Cangkring Village, Indramayu, the ideology of ibuism works not because of the massive government regulating the role of women through the PKK organization, but it is possible because of the structure of the kampung community itself. Through involved observations and in-depth interviews about a kindergarten in the village, a group of housewives who dedicated themselves to teaching in kindergarten were met without getting paid high. From these socio-cultural phenomenons, this paper will describe descriptively and analytically that housewives in the Cangkring village are willing to become kindergarten teachers because of their moral burden as part of the warga kampung and also from community pressure from people who want their children to be able to read and write.

CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FAMILY RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Aldona Kipāne
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insight Into

The dynamic variability of the modern world determines not only the need to adapt but also the ability to preserve and maintain the values of separate culture. Over the centuries, family is considered to be one of the core values. Family interaction with the society is undeniable. The family is the foundation of any society and the future of the state. Today's new socio-economic situation has an impact on the emotional atmosphere, quality and relationships within the family. Criminological research in family relationships is a complex problem, its environment and circumstances are an important factor in the individual's socialization. The role of the family is equally important both in the process of proper behavioural shaping and in the production of directed behaviour. The article provides an insight into the content of the studies of family criminology.The aim of the article is to describe the criminological framework of family relations based on special literature, research and practice showing the framework of family criminology. Theoretical guidelines, special literature, views and opinions of Latvian and foreign specialists have been analysed in order to assess the criminological aspects of the phenomenon.The author concludes that the knowledge of family criminology is useful, effective, concrete and practically feasible for the criminological studies of the family institute. This approach has a multi-sectoral nature. 

The Joy of Love (Amoris Laetitia): The Papal Exhortation in Its Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald O’Collins
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The Family ◽  
Christian Family ◽  
Amoris Laetitia

This article summarizes the teaching on marriage and the family offered by the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) and by the 1981 post-synodal, apostolic exhortation of Pope John Paul II, The Role of the Christian Family in the Modern World ( Familiaris Consortio). Against this background, the content and language of The Final Report issued at the end of the second session of the synod on the family (October 4–25) are examined. These considerations lead to an evaluation of the continuity and change in teaching found in Pope Francis’s post-synodal, apostolic exhortation, The Joy of Love ( Amoris Laetitia).

scholarly journals The Centrality of Women in Moral Teaching in Yoruba Family System

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetunde A. Aluko ◽  
Oluwasegun D. Onobanjo ◽  
Nurudeen Alliyu
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Family System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Better Than

Social order and peaceful co-existence are some of the primary goals in every human society. Central to maintenance of law and order in traditional Yoruba societies is the family. Culturally among the Yoruba people, women are socialized differently from men. This paper, rather than focus on the oppression of women in Yoruba cultural setting, examines the series of significant contributions of women to the maintenance of social order and ethical well-being of families. The feminine gender is not always synonymous with oppression and domination rather family well-being is mediated by the principle of complementarily between males and females. As a result, women have privileged relationship with their children better than men. Women are the pedagogues to lead their children, and this requires them to live a life worthy of emulation. The paper avers that the argument is not that men are totally left out of the moral upbringing of their children; most times they provide supportive roles. But the fact that women spend more time with the children calls for examination of their roles in the moral standing of children in Yoruba family system. Given the central role of women in the home and society, social order can be attained where women are committed to the moral upbringing of their children, rather than being marginalized in any aspect of the society.

scholarly journals THE FEATURES OF THE EMBODIMENT OF THE FAMILY THEME IN THE NOVEL BY L. N. TOLSTOY «RESURRECTION»

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Valeria G. Andreeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Epic Hero ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
The People ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Ideal

The article analyzes the family theme in the novel «Resurrection», examines the attitude of Leo Tolstoy towards the ideal family, the image of which in the work, in comparison with the previous work of the writer, only insignificant corrections associated with the idea of the role of the family in the spiritual ascent of man. The author of the article addresses the dispute between Tolstoy and Dostoevsky about Russian families, which unfolded in the 1870s. and shows that in the last novel, Tolstoy makes extensive use of the previously unacceptable image of a random family, described by Dostoevsky in the Writer's Diary and the novel Teen. The gallery of random families presented in «Resurrection» includes both noble families and families from the people, allows Tolstoy to enlarge the national crisis that unfolded in Russia at the end of the 19th century, to show its all-encompassing nature. The writer not only exposes the power, state and judicial systems, he shows how a lie accompanies a person coming from a random family, makes him incapable of compassion. The article examines numerous realizations of the family theme in the novel, analyzes the images of characters who are capable and not capable of family life, as well as the path of the protagonist, who in the final of the work not only approves the highest Divine laws as a guide for life, but also meets the example of a real family. contrasting with all previously presented random families. The author of the work demonstrates how, as the novel progresses, Nekhlyudov's life is getting closer and closer to the big popular world, correlates with the fate of the country – Nekhlyudov becomes a truly epic hero.

The Ideal of the Graduate Worker

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerbrand Tholen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

This final chapter concludes the book and reflects on the findings described in the previous chapters. The chapter explains how the idealized version of graduate workers (as being a distinct labour market grouping aligned with high-skilled, high-waged employment) has not really wavered. To understand the status of graduate workers as a group we need to understand the symbolic power graduates hold within the labour market (through symbolic categorization and classification). Yet the case studies also show that the meanings of graduate work, skills, and occupations vary, leaving room for interpretation and contention. The chapter reflects on the role of higher education in the labour market, how we can improve our understanding of graduate work, and what this means for debates about skill policy and social mobility.

Child Protection or Child Liberation? Reflections on the Movement to Ban Physical Punishment by Parents and Educators

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Sebba
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
International Norm ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
The Family

In recent years the debate on the legitimacy of the infliction of corporal punishment by parents on their children has been intensified. This traditional parental power has been challenged both at governmental and legislature levels and in the courts, in some cases leading to its prohibition — a policy which has now been endorsed by various international norm-setting bodies. This article traces the historical development of this abolitionist movement on the international plane and seeks to identify the ideologies which have motivated it. In particular, it assesses the respective roles of the child protection ideology, which is concerned with the prevention of victimization, and the children's rights perspective. The contravening role of the family rights ideology is also considered. The article also uses case-studies to analyse the interplay of these forces on the national level, and considers the usefulness of this analysis to predict abolition.

scholarly journals From State Control to Competition: German Higher Education Transformed

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-104
Author(s):  
Andra Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Research University ◽  
Modern World ◽  
State Control ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
World War ◽  
German States ◽  
The Ideal

Although there have been several cycles of debate and reform on higher education since World War II, the most recent proposals, some implemented and others under consideration, are by far the most far reaching and consequential of the period. Most aim at resolving the conflict between the ideal of the Humboldtian model of an elite research university, and the demand for an open, accessible, and differentiated system of higher education that takes into account the pivotal role of higher education in the modern world and in a democratic and pluralistic society. Forces and factors at work in other countries have affected the timing and dynamics of system transformation, but the unification in the early 1990s of the two German states, in which higher education had very different structures and mandates, has played a great role in the matter.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN RENAISSANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Iulia Para ◽  
Daniela Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Feminine

This paper aims to analyse the ways in which a marriage can be concluded in the case of rich and noble families, as well as in the case of the poor ones. Marriage habits are different, depending on the social and economic status, and most of these traditions prevail nowadays also. The institution of marriage will lead to a transformation of the sentimental imaginary, starting from the Middle Ages’ fin amor, played by the troubadours, to the pragmatic, interested relationship, focused on procreation and the transfer of possession. At the mental level, we are observing the magic of the inside reflexion, inwardly, towards that inner feeling analysed by both literary and artistic specialists. The social status of the family cannot be provided by an individual. Affiliation to a family ensures social inclusion and human survival. The role of the family in society is a sum of the roles of each member, the man may have the archetypes of prince or warrior, artist or humanist, merchant or clergyman, scholar or adventurer; the woman, first of all mother or daughter, widow, virgin or prostitute, nun or witch; the child seen as a follower of the family's reputation, entrepreneur and supporter of the mother. The feminine condition in the family is a tragic one, as the woman gets to accept the premature disappearance of her beloved children, removed from inheritance in noble families through crime or natural causes. Examples of historical realities and artistic works will support the above statements and lead to conclusions.

scholarly journals WANITA PEKERJA KERAS DALAM KARYA SENI LUKIS REALIS KONTEMPORER

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Seftian Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Working Women ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
Stage Synthesis ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Synthesis Stage ◽  
The Ideal

Tujuan memvisualisasikan karya seni lukis realis kontemporer yang di latar belakangi persoalan situasi dan kondisi sosial masyarakat khususnya wanita pekerja keras. Wanita secara peranannya menjadi ibu rumah tangga mengurus keluarga, menjadi sosok gugru bagi anak-anaknya namun memilih berkerja keras dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi hal yang tak lazim bagi seorang wanita yang menilih pekerjaan yang tidak sesuai dengan sifat dan peranan wanita pada umumnya, hal tersebut yang menyebabkan rasa emansipasi yang timbul terhadap seorang wanita faktor ekonomi menjadi hal yang utama bagi seorang keluarga yang mengharuskan masalah itu terjadi kesanggupan seorang wanita yang membagi peranannya dalam dua hal yakni sebagai ibu rumah tangga dan sebagai pencari nafkah. Metode dan proses pencitaan karya seni lukis melalui beberapa tahap yakni tahap persiapan, tahap elaborasi, tahap sintesis, tahap relasasi konsep dan tahap penyelesaian. Penggunaan metode yang di pakai yakni peraktik berbasis risert Penelitian berbasis praktik merupakan penelitian yang dimulai dari pengumpulan data-data dari observasi lapangan sampai kerja praktik, pemahaman in and trough dengan arti penelitian yang dilakukan tidak hanya sebatas praktik tetapi meneliti sesuatu. Karya yang divisualkan yaitu: Melawan Rasa Lelah, Demi Cita-Cita, Mengisi Satu Demi Satu, Harapan Dibalik Senyuman, Menjadi Tulang Punggung, Perjuangan Yang Takberujung, Mengais Satu Demi Satu, Melawan Rasa, Angan-Angan Yang Tinggi, Harapan Yang Indah.The purpose of visualizing the work of contemporary realist painting in the background of the issue of the situation and social conditions of society, especially hard-working women. Women play a role as housewives to take care of the family, be a figure of gut for his children however choosing to work hard in meeting the needs of the economy unusual thing for a woman who chooses a job that is not in accordance with the nature and role of women in general, it causes a sense of emancipation that arises towards a woman economic factors become the main thing for a family that requires the problem occurs the ability of a woman who divides her role in two things namely as a housewife and as a breadwinner. Methods and process of painting through several stages of preparation stage, elaboration stage, synthesis stage, concept relasation phase and completion stage. The use of the method used is risk-based tactics. Practice-based research is research that starts from collecting data from field observations to practical work, understanding in and trough with the meaning that research is not only limited to practice but researches something. The works that are visualized are: Fighting Tiredness, For the Ideal, Filling One By One, Hope Behind Smile, Being Backbone, Endless Struggle, Scraping One by One, Against Pain, High Angle, Beautiful Hope.

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