Combining Physiological and Metabolomic Analysis to Unravel the Regulations of Coronatine Alleviating Water Stress in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Drought is a major abiotic stress that restricts plants growth, development, and yield. Coronatine (COR), a mimic of JA-Ile, functions in plant tolerance to multiple stresses. In our study, we examined the effects of COR in tobacco under polyethylene glycol (PEG) stress. COR treatment improved plant growth under stress as measured by fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW). The enzyme activity assay indicated that, under osmotic stress conditions, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced by COR treatment. Histochemical analyses via nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining showed that COR reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during osmotic stress. Metabolite profiles revealed that COR triggered significant metabolic changes in tobacco leaves under osmotic stress, and many essential metabolites, such as sugar and sugar derivatives, organic acids, and nitrogen-containing compounds, which might play active roles in osmotic-stressed tobacco plants, were markedly accumulated in the COR-treated tobacco. The work presented here provides a comprehensive understanding of the COR-mediated physiological, biochemical, and metabolic adjustments that minimize the adverse impact of osmotic stress on tobacco.

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PEG-Induced Osmotic Stress Alters Root Morphology and Root Hair Traits in Wheat Genotypes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1042

Author(s):

Arif Hasan Khan Robin ◽

Shatabdi Ghosh ◽

Md. Abu Shahed

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Main Axis ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

First Order ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Peg Stress

Wheat crop in drought-prone regions of Bangladesh suffers from osmotic stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of wheat genotypes with respect to root morphology and root hair traits under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. A total of 22 genotypes of wheat were grown hydroponically and two treatments—0% and 10% PEG—were imposed at 14 days after germination. Plant growth was reduced in terms of plant height, number of live leaves per tiller, shoot dry weight, number of root-bearing phytomers, and roots per tiller. Notably, PEG-induced osmotic stress increased root dry weight per tiller by increasing length of the main axis and lateral roots, as well as the diameter and density of both lateral roots and root hairs of the individual roots. A biplot was drawn after a principal component analysis, taking three less-affected (high-yielding genotypes) and three highly affected (low-yielding genotypes and landrace) genotypes under 10% PEG stress, compared to control. Principal component 1 separated PEG-treated wheat genotypes from control-treated genotypes, with a high and positive coefficient for the density of lateral roots and root hairs, length and diameter of the main axis, and first-order lateral roots and leaf injury scores, indicating that these traits are associated with osmotic stress tolerance. Principal component 2 separated high-yielding and tolerant wheat genotypes from low-yielding and susceptible genotypes, with a high coefficient for root dry weight, density of root hairs and second-order lateral roots, length of the main axis, and first-order lateral roots. An increase in root dry weight in PEG-stress-tolerant wheat genotypes was achieved through an increase in length and diameter of the main axis and lateral roots. The information derived from this research could be exploited for identifying osmotic stress-tolerant QTL and for developing abiotic-tolerant cultivars of wheat.

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Potential of Pre-Harvest Wastes of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Crops, Grown for Smoke Products, as Source of Bioactive Compounds (Phenols and Flavonoids)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2087

Author(s):

Maria Isabella Sifola ◽

Linda Carrino ◽

Eugenio Cozzolino ◽

Luisa del Piano ◽

Giulia Graziani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Diammonium Salt ◽

Q Exactive ◽

Tobacco Cultivation ◽

Folin Assay ◽

Final Harvest

Tobacco cultivation is characterized by high amounts of waste biomasses whose disposal frequently represents a complex and expensive problem. A study was conducted to evaluate thepotential of pre-harvest light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco waste biomasses as a source of bioactive compounds (nutraceutical ingredients) such as polyphenols. Pre-harvest waste materials (topping fresh materials and residual stalks at final harvest) were collected to determine dry matter, total polyphenols content (TPC; Folin assay), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols quali-quantitative profiles obtained by Orbitrap Q Exactive of both tobacco types were also determined. Total pre-harvest waste biomass amounted to 3956.9 and 1304.4 kg d.w. ha−1 in light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco types, respectively. Polyphenols content, expressed as g kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), ranged between 4.6 and 15.7 g kg−1 d.w. and was generally greater in leaves than in stalks. Considering both leaves and stalks, the light air-cured (Burley) tobacco crop yielded 22.1 kg ha−1 of polyphenols, while the dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco yielded 12.0 kg ha−1. DPPH and ABTS were significantly greater in leaves than in stalks waste biomass in both types of tobacco. The most abundant components were quinic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, and luteolin rutinoside.

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Selection of drought tolerant wheat genotypes by osmotic stress imposed at germination and early seedling stage

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v15i2.35147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 177-192

Author(s):

RR Saha ◽

A Hannan ◽

A Nessa ◽

MA Malek ◽

MR Islam

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Metabolic Efficiency ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Vigour Index ◽

Peg Treatment ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Different Levels

An experiment on hundred wheat genotypes under different levels of osmotic stress was carried out during 2014 to select the genotype(s) tolerant to drought at germination and early seedling stage. Different levels of osmotic stress were imposed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three osmotic stress levels viz. control (distilled water), 15% PEG solution and 25% PEG solution were used. Among the 100 genotypes the rate of germination percentage, final germination (%), root and shoot dry weight, amount of respiration and vigour index under PEG treatment was found significantly lower than that of control condition. Compared to control condition relative decrease in rate of germination, final germination, amount of respiration and vigour index among the wheat genotypes were found more at 25% PEG than that of 15% PEG treatment. However, the seed metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in wheat genotypes under both 15% PEG and 25% PEG treatment compared to the control condition. A significant positive correlation exists between the important growth parameters like rate of germination (%), final germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight and vigour index. On the basis of these physiological traits against osmotic stress, nine genotypes of wheat such as BD-480, BD-498, BD- 501, BD-513, BD-514, BD-519, BD-592, BD-618 and BD- 633 were selected as drought tolerant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 177-192 (2017)

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IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2830 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 206-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zaid Chachar ◽

N. A. Chachar ◽

Q.I. Chachar ◽

S.M Mujtaba ◽

G.A Chachar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Maximum Reduction ◽

Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length (7.23 cm), root length (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt. (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

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Differences in the metabolite profiles of tender leaves of wheat, barley, rye and Triticale based on LC-MS

10.1101/2020.12.03.409847 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Piyi Xing ◽

Zhenqiao Song ◽

Xingfeng Li

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Principal Component ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Metabolomics Data ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Metabolite Profiles ◽

Positive Mode ◽

Sugar Derivatives ◽

Important Basis

AbstractWheatgrass has emerged as a functional food source in recent years, but the detailed metabolomics basis for its health benefits remains poorly understood. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis were used to study the metabolic profiling of seedlings from wheat, barley, rye and triticale, which revealed 1800 features in positive mode and 4303 features in negative mode. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clear differences between species, and 164 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were detected, including amino acids, organic acids, lipids, fatty acids, nucleic acids, flavonoids, amines, polyamines, vitamins, sugar derivatives and others. Unique metabolites in each species were identified. This study provides a glimpse into the metabolomics profiles of wheat and its wild relatives, which may form an important basis for nutrition, health and other parameters.Practical ApplicationThis manuscript present liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results of young sprouts of common wheat and its relatives. Our results may help to better understand the natural variation due to the genotype before metabolomics data are considered for application to wheatgrass and can provide a basis (assessment) for its potential pharmaceutical and nutritional value.

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Thymol improves salinity tolerance of tobacco by increasing the Na+ efflux and enhancing the content of NO and GSH

10.21203/rs.3.rs-745750/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

liang xu ◽

Jia-Qian Song ◽

yuelin wang ◽

Xiao-Han Liu ◽

Xue-Li Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Root Growth ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Nature Medicine ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Ros Accumulation ◽

Na Efflux ◽

The Stability

Abstract Plants have evolved a lot of strategies to improve salt tolerance to cope with salt stress. Recent studies have suggested that thymol (a nature medicine) enhances the plant tolerance against abiotic stresses, but the mechanisms are rarely known. Here, we found that thymol played an important role in maintaining root growth under salt stress. Thymol rescued root growth from salt stress via ameliorating ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. In addition, thymol enhanced the level of NO (nitric oxide) and GSH (glutathione) to repress ROS accumulation, further protecting the stability of cell membrane. Thymol-induced Na+ efflux in roots and leaves under salt stress may depend on the upregulation of SOS1, HKT1 and NHX1. Consequently, all of these evidences suggested that thymol improved tobacco salt tolerance via enhancing NO and GSH content as well as inducing Na+ efflux.

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Improving Tolerance of Faba Bean during Early Growth Stages to Salinity through Micronutrients Foliar Spray

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb223701 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 98-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohamed M. EL FOULY ◽

Zeinab M. MOBARAK ◽

Zeinab A. SALAMA

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Tolerance To Salinity

Salinity, either of soil or of irrigation water, causes disturbances in plant growth and nutrient balance. Previous work indicates that applying nutrients by foliar application increases tolerance to salinity. A pot experiment with three replicates was carried out in the green house of NRC, Cairo, Egypt, to study the effect of micronutrients foliar application on salt tolerance of faba bean. Two concentrations of a micronutrient compound (0.1% and 0.15%) were sprayed in two different treatments prior to or after the salinity treatments. Levels of NaCl (0.00-1000-2000-5000 ppm) were supplied to irrigation water. Results indicated that 2000 and 5000 ppm NaCl inhibited growth and nutrient uptake. Spraying micronutrients could restore the negative effect of salinity on dry weight and nutrients uptake, when sprayed either before or after the salinity treatments. It is suggested that micronutrient foliar sprays could be used to improve plant tolerance to salinity.

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GENETIC STABILITY AND EXPRESSION IN CULTURED CELLS OF NICOTIANA TABACUM L. ADAPTED TO OSMOTIC STRESS

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1992.300.34 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 245-250

Author(s):

D.A. Lombardi

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Genetic Stability ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L

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Proline, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and OsP5CS Gene Activity in Radical and Plumule of Rice are Efficient Drought Tolerance Indicator Traits

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2020/8862792 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique ◽

Zulfiqar Ali ◽

Muhammad Ali Sher ◽

Babar Farid ◽

Rao Muhammad Ikram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Plant Breeding Program ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Crop Germplasm

The success of a plant breeding program is linked with the rapid screening of crop germplasm. In the following study, the germination stage of rice seeds has been examined for the rapid screening of drought-tolerant genotypes. The rice genotypes (10 drought tolerant, 5 moderately drought tolerant, and 5 drought susceptible) were sown in Petri dishes under control and osmotic stress of 15% PEG6000. Data were recorded after four days of sowing for the osmotic stress-induced change in imbibition rate, speed of germination, radical and plumule length, radical and plumule total fresh and dry weight, proline contents, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde level in radical and plumule of seeds. Moreover, the change in expression of OsP5CS gene was also recorded in one of each drought tolerant, moderately drought tolerant, and drought susceptible genotypes. Under osmotic stress, the level of proline, total antioxidant capacity, and the expression of OsP5CS were increased in drought-tolerant genotypes as compared to moderately drought tolerant and drought susceptible genotypes. While, the change in imbibition rate, speed of germination, radical and plumule length, and fresh and dry weight were not symmetrical in drought tolerant, moderately drought tolerant, and drought susceptible genotypes. In short, the symmetrical change in proline, total antioxidant capacity, and expression of OsP5CS gene within radical and plumule of drought tolerant, moderately drought tolerant, and drought susceptible genotypes can help rapid screening of drought-tolerant rice genotypes.

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