scholarly journals Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Two Halophilic Archaeal Isolates from Chott El Jerid Using Inexpensive Carbon Sources

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Abdallah ◽  
Fatma Karray ◽  
Sami Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Pha Production

The large use of conventional plastics has resulted in serious environmental problems. Polyhydroxyalkanoates represent a potent replacement to synthetic plastics because of their biodegradable nature. This study aimed to screen bacteria and archaea isolated from an extreme environment, the salt lake Chott El Jerid for the accumulation of these inclusions. Among them, two archaeal strains showed positive results with phenotypic and genotypic methods. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene, indicated that polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-producing archaeal isolates CEJGTEA101 and CEJEA36 were related to Natrinema altunense and Haloterrigena jeotgali, respectively. Gas chromatography and UV-visible spectrophotometric analyses revealed that the PHA were identified as polyhydroxybutyrate and polyhydroxyvalerate, respectively. According to gas chromatography analysis, the strain CEJGTEA101 produced maximum yield of 7 wt % at 37 °C; pH 6.5; 20% NaCl and the strain CEJEA36 produced 3.6 wt % at 37 °C; pH 7; 25% NaCl in a medium supplemented with 2% glucose. Under nutritionally optimal cultivation conditions, polymers were extracted from these strains and were determined by gravimetric analysis yielding PHA production of 35% and 25% of cell dry weight. In conclusion, optimization of PHA production from inexpensive industrial wastes and carbon sources has considerable interest for reducing costs and obtaining high yield.

scholarly journals Bacterial Strain Isolated from High-Salt Environments Can Produce Large Amounts of New Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1268-1273
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Bacillus Endophyticus ◽  
High Production ◽  
Pha Production ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Since the major problem connected to the industrial production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is their high production price, this study was performed to inspect the new potential bacterial species for industrial PHA production. The bacterial samples were collected during a screening program from Pink Salt Lake as an extreme environment in the south of Iran, Fars province. The PHA-producing bacteria were isolated. Then further studies on different morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics of isolates were performed. Among the isolated microorganisms in this study, 18 of 143 bacteria were selected as PHA-producer microorganisms to be studied for analysis along with a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. This study introduces two bacteria; Bacillus endophyticus BCCS 011 and Lysobacter sp. BCCS 052 as new potential PHA producer that has not been reported previously. They could be an ideal option for cheaper PHAs production.

scholarly journals Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Production by Rhodospirillum rubrum Using a Two-Step Culture Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Youxi Zhao ◽  
Mengjie Diao ◽  
Wanqing Wang ◽  
Wei Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Rhodospirillum Rubrum ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Culture Strategy

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are microbially synthesized biopolyesters which have attracted great attentions as a new biological material, potential alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based plastic due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) are the most common members of PHAs. In this study, the nonsulfur and facultatively phototrophic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum was cultivated to accumulate PHA by a two-step culture strategy. Gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analyses showed that PHAs synthesized from fructose was PHBV, in which the 3HV content was 46.5 mol%, which means the better mechanical property. The molecular weight, distribution, and thermal features were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The low PDI of 1.08 revealed the narrow and evenly molar mass distribution which shows the stable features. The high melting temperature and their other physical properties implied their potential applications. The traditional process of producing PHBV involves related carbon sources such as valeric acid. However, our study clearly described a new medium formula with fructose and a complete fermentation method to produce PHBV with a high 3HV faction and low molecular distribution.

scholarly journals What Is New in the Field of Industrial Wastes Conversion into Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Bacteria?

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Paulina Marciniak ◽  
Justyna Możejko-Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Pha Production ◽  
The Cost

The rising global consumption and industrialization has resulted in increased food processing demand. Food industry generates a tremendous amount of waste which causes serious environmental issues. These problems have forced us to create strategies that will help to reduce the volume of waste and the contamination to the environment. Waste from food industries has great potential as substrates for value-added bioproducts. Among them, polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHAs) have received considerable attention in recent years due to their comparable characteristics to common plastics. These biodegradable polyesters are produced by microorganisms during fermentation processes utilizing various carbon sources. Scale-up of PHA production is limited due to the cost of the carbon source metabolized by the microorganisms. Therefore, there is a growing need for the development of novel microbial processes using inexpensive carbon sources. Such substrates could be waste generated by the food industry and food service. The use of industrial waste streams for PHAs biosynthesis could transform PHA production into cheaper and more environmentally friendly bioprocess. This review collates in detail recent developments in the biosynthesis of various types of PHAs produced using waste derived from agrofood industries. Challenges associated with this production bioprocess were described, and new ways to overcome them were proposed.

scholarly journals Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. isolated from nodules of Lotus corniculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximo Sánchez ◽  
Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
María J. Lorite ◽  
Juan Sanjuán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Strain S658T was isolated from a Lotus corniculatus nodule in a soil sample obtained in Uruguay. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and atpD gene showed that this strain clustered within the genus Phyllobacterium . The closest related species was, in both cases, Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02T with 99.8 % sequence similarity in the 16S rRNA gene and 96.1 % in the atpD gene. The 16S rRNA gene contains an insert at the beginning of the sequence that has no similarities with other inserts present in the same gene in described rhizobial species. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the only quinone detected. Strain S658T differed from its closest relatives through its growth in diverse culture conditions and in the assimilation of several carbon sources. It was not able to reproduce nodules in Lotus corniculatus. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic tests and fatty acid analyses confirmed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Phyllobacterium , for which the name Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S658T( = LMG 27289T = CECT 8230T).

scholarly journals Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium that degrades cyclic cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarkko Rapala ◽  
Katri A. Berg ◽  
Christina Lyra ◽  
R. Maarit Niemi ◽  
Werner Manz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence

Thirteen bacterial isolates from lake sediment, capable of degrading cyanobacterial hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularin, were characterized by phenotypic, genetic and genomic approaches. Cells of these isolates were Gram-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, oxidase-positive, weakly catalase-positive and rod-shaped. According to phenotypic characteristics (carbon utilization, fatty acid and enzyme activity profiles), the G+C content of the genomic DNA (66·1–68·0 mol%) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (98·9–100 % similarity) the strains formed a single microdiverse genospecies that was most closely related to Roseateles depolymerans (95·7–96·3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The isolates assimilated only a few carbon sources. Of the 96 carbon sources tested, Tween 40 was the only one used by all strains. The strains were able to mineralize phosphorus from organic compounds, and they had strong leucine arylamidase and chymotrypsin activities. The cellular fatty acids identified from all strains were C16 : 0 (9·8–19 %) and C17 : 1 ω7c (<1–5·8 %). The other predominant fatty acids comprised three groups: summed feature 3 (<1–2·2 %), which included C14 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1 iso I, summed feature 4 (54–62 %), which included C16 : 1 ω7c and C15 : 0 iso OH, and summed feature 7 (8·5–28 %), which included ω7c, ω9c and ω12t forms of C18 : 1. A more detailed analysis of two strains indicated that C16 : 1 ω7c was the main fatty acid. The phylogenetic and phenotypic features separating our strains from recognized bacteria support the creation of a novel genus and species, for which the name Paucibacter toxinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2C20T (=DSM 16998T=HAMBI 2767T=VYH 193597T).

Thermoanaerobacter pentosaceus sp. nov., an anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, high ethanol-yielding bacterium isolated from household waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2396-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Faria Tomás ◽  
Dimitar Karakashev ◽  
Irini Angelidaki
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

An extremely thermophilic, xylanolytic, spore-forming and strictly anaerobic bacterium, strain DTU01T, was isolated from a continuously stirred tank reactor fed with xylose and household waste. Cells stained Gram-negative and were rod-shaped (0.5–2 µm in length). Spores were terminal with a diameter of approximately 0.5 µm. Optimal growth occurred at 70 °C and pH 7, with a maximum growth rate of 0.1 h−1. DNA G+C content was 34.2 mol%. Strain DTU01T could ferment arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, mannitol, mannose, melibiose, pectin, starch, sucrose, xylan, yeast extract and xylose, but not cellulose, Avicel, inositol, inulin, glycerol, rhamnose, acetate, lactate, ethanol, butanol or peptone. Ethanol was the major fermentation product and a maximum yield of 1.39 mol ethanol per mol xylose was achieved when sulfite was added to the cultivation medium. Thiosulfate, but not sulfate, nitrate or nitrite, could be used as electron acceptor. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain DTU01T was shown to be closely related to Thermoanaerobacter mathranii A3T, Thermoanaerobacter italicus Ab9T and Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae JT3-3T, with 98–99 % similarity. Despite this, the physiological and phylogenetic differences (DNA G+C content, substrate utilization, electron acceptors, phylogenetic distance and isolation site) allow for the proposal of strain DTU01T as a representative of a novel species within the genus Thermoanaerobacter , for which the name Thermoanaerobacter pentosaceus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DTU01T ( = DSM 25963T = KCTC 4529T = VKM B-2752T = CECT 8142T).

scholarly journals Determination of important enzymes and antimicrobial resistances of gram-positive haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Salda Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Pınar Çağlayan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

As an extreme environment, soda lakes harbor various haloalkaliphilic microorganisms. Salda Lake is one of the natural soda lake (pH˃9) in Turkey. Haloalkaliphiles are unique microorganisms in their ability to live in high alkaline and high saline conditions, and play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons. Hence, the aims of this study were to isolate haloalkaliphilic bacteria from water sample of Salda Lake, to identify these isolates by both conventional and molecular methods, to screen their industrially important enzymes, and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Six isolates were identified as Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus haynesii according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The industrially important enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pullulanase, lipase, urease, protease, caseinase, oxidase, catalase) were produced by haloalkaliphilic isolates. These enzymes maybe used in alkaline and saline industrial processes. Although Bacillus subtilis was susceptible to all antibiotics, other isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance against antibiotics were found as ampicillin/sulbactam 83%, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 83%, ampicillin 67%, mupirocin 67%, chloramphenicol 50%, tetracycline 50%, imipenem 50%, meropenem 50%, cefadroxil 17%. These bacteria may have develope resistance to antibiotics that entering their natural environment in different ways.

scholarly journals Halomonas lactosivorans sp. nov., isolated from salt-lake sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 3504-3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ming ◽  
Wei-li Ji ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhuo-li Zhao ◽  
Li-jiao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

A bacteria strain, designated CFH 90008T, was isolated from a salt lake sediment sample collected from Yuncheng city, Shanxi Province, PR China. Strain CFH 90008T was Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile with lateral flagella and rod-shaped. Colonies were yellow, circular and smooth. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CFH 90008T belonged to the genus Halomonas , showing highest sequence similarity to Halomonas daqingensis DQD2-30T (98.6 %), Halomonas saliphila LCB169T (98.5 %), Halomonas desiderata FB2T (98.1 %) and Halomonas kenyensis AIR-2T (98.0 %). Good growth was observed at 10–50 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and with NaCl concentration from 1.0 to 12.0 % (w/v). The predominant quinone was Q9. The major fatty acid (>10 %) was C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c. The genome of strain CFH 90008T was 4.36 Mbp with a genomic DNA G+C content of 66.7 mol%. Based on low average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNAhybridization results, chemotaxonomic characteristics, and differential physiological properties, strain CFH 90008T could not be classified into any recognized species of the genus Halomonas . Therefore, a new species, for which the name Halomonas lactosivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH 90008T (=DSM 103220T=KCTC 52281T).

scholarly journals The role of positively charge poly-L-lysine in the formation of high yield gold nanoplates on the surface for plasmonic sensing application

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259730
Author(s):  
Marlia Morsin ◽  
Suratun Nafisah ◽  
Rahmat Sanudin ◽  
Nur Liyana Razali ◽  
Farhanahani Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Resonance Effect ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Plasmonic Sensor

An anisotropic structure, gold (Au) nanoplates was synthesized using a two-step wet chemical seed mediated growth method (SMGM) directly on the substrate surface. Prior to the synthesis process, poly-l-lysine (PLL) as a cation polymer was used to enhance the yield of grown Au nanoplates. The electrostatic interaction of positive charged by PLL with negative charges from citrate-capped gold nanoseeds contributes to the yield increment. The percentage of PLL was varied from 0% to 10% to study the morphology of Au nanoplates in term of shape, size and surface density. 5% PLL with single layer treatment produce a variety of plate shapes such as hexagonal, flat rod and triangular obtained over the whole substrate surface with the estimated maximum yield up to ca. 48%. The high yield of Au nanoplates exhibit dual plasmonic peaks response that are associated with transverse and longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (TSPR and LSPR). Then, the PLL treatment process was repeated twice resulting the increment of Au nanoplates products to ca. 60%. The thin film Au nanoplates was further used as sensing materials in plasmonic sensor for detection of boric acid. The anisotropic Au nanoplates have four sensing parameters being monitored when the medium changes, which are peak position (wavelength shift), intensity of TSPR and LSPR, and the changes on sensing responses. The sensor responses are based on the interaction of light with dielectric properties from surrounding medium. The resonance effect produces by a collection of electron vibration on the Au nanoparticles surface after hit by light are captured as the responses. As a conclusion, it was found that the PLL treatment is capable to promote high yield of Au nanoplates. Moreover, the high yield of the Au nanoplates is an indication as excellent candidate for sensing material in plasmonic sensor.

scholarly journals Isolation of Bacteria Capable of Growth with 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin as the Sole Carbon and Energy Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Guttman ◽  
Jaap van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enrichment Technique ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Positive Genus

ABSTRACTUsing a relatively simple enrichment technique, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB)-biodegrading bacteria were isolated from a digestion basin in an aquaculture unit. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated one of the three isolates with the Gram-positive genusRhodococcus, while the other two isolates were found to be closely related to the Gram-negative familyComamonadaceae(VariovoraxandComamonas). Growth rates and geosmin and MIB removal rates by the isolates were determined under aerated and nonaerated conditions in mineral medium containing either of the two compounds as the sole carbon and energy source. All isolates exhibited their fastest growth under aerobic conditions, with generation times ranging from 3.1 to 5.7 h, compared to generation times of up to 19.1 h in the nonaerated flasks. Incubation of the isolates with additional carbon sources caused a significant increase in their growth rates, while removal rates of geosmin and MIB were significantly lower than those for incubation with only geosmin or MIB. By fluorescencein situhybridization, members of the generaRhodococcusandComamonaswere detected in geosmin- and MIB-enriched sludge from the digestion basin.

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