scholarly journals Lepidium sativum Sprouts Grown under Elevated CO2 Hyperaccumulate Glucosinolates and Antioxidants and Exhibit Enhanced Biological and Reduced Antinutritional Properties

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Modhi O. Alotaibi ◽  
Galal Khamis ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Afrah E. Mohammed ◽  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity ◽  
The Impact

The nutritional and health-promoting properties of plants are largely determined by their tissue chemistry. Tuning growth conditions could affect the accumulation of phytochemicals and, therefore, enhance the biological activities. Herein, the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2; 620 µmol CO2 mol−1 air) on growth and chemical composition of sprouts of three Lepidium sativum cultivars (Haraz, Khider and Rajab) was investigated. Changes in the sprout actions against some human chronic diseases were evaluated. eCO2 induced biomass accumulation (1.46-, 1.47- and 2-fold in Haraz, Khider and Rajab, respectively) and pigment accumulation and reduced the level of antinutrients in L. sativum cultivars. Compared to the control, eCO2 induced total glucosinolate accumulation (0.40-, 0.90- and 1.29-fold in Khider, Haraz and Rajab, respectively), possibly through increased amino acid production, and their hydrolysis by myrosinase. In line with increased polyphenol production, improved phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was observed. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, antibacterial and anticancer activities of the produced sprouts were significantly improved by sprouting and eCO2 exposure. PCA indicated that the cultivars showed interspecific responses. Thus, the present study confirms the synergistic effect of sprouting with eCO2 exposure as a promising approach to produce more bioactive L. sativum sprouts.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated CO2 on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2434
Author(s):  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
Saud S. Al-amri ◽  
Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi ◽  
Wahida H. AL-Qahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO2 (eCO2) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO2 and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO2 conditions (ambient CO2 (a CO2, 400 ± 27 μmol CO2 mol−1 air) and eCO2, 620 ± 42 μmol CO2 mol−1 air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO2-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO2 enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO2, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO2 enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO2-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO2 treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO2 provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.

Lactoferrin, a bird’s eye view

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Iron Binding Protein ◽  
Orally Active

Lactoferrin is an abundant iron-binding protein in milk. This 80 kDa bilobal glycoprotein is also present in several other secreted bodily fluids, as well as in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The potent iron-binding properties of lactoferrin can locally create iron deficiency, and this is an important factor in host defense as it prevents bacteria from growing and forming biofilms. In addition to having antibacterial activity, lactoferrin is now known to have a long list of other beneficial biological properties. It has direct antiviral, antifungal, and even some anticancer activities. It can also promote wound healing and bone growth, or it can act as an iron carrier. Moreover, lactoferrin displays a cytokine-like “alarmin” activity, and it activates the immune system. Simultaneously, it can bind endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), and in doing so, it modulates the activity of the host immune response. The majority of these intriguing biological activities reside in the unique positively charged N-terminal region of the protein. Interestingly, several peptides, which retain many of the beneficial activities, can be released from this region of lactoferrin. An isoform of the human protein, known as delta-lactoferrin, is expressed inside many cells, where it acts as a transcription factor. Lactoferrin purified from human and bovine milk have very similar but not completely identical properties. Lactoferrin receptors have been identified on the surface of various cells, and some of these can bind both the human and the bovine protein. Because of the extensive health-promoting effects of lactoferrin, there has been considerable interest in the use of bovine or human lactoferrin as a “protein nutraceutical” or as a therapeutic protein. When lactoferrin is used as a “biologic drug”, it seems to be orally active in contrast to most other therapeutic proteins.

scholarly journals Influence of Gum Arabic Enriched with GABA Coating on Oxidative Damage of Walnut Kernels

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Farhad Pirzad ◽  
Hamidreza Tahanian ◽  
Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Oxidative Rancidity ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
The Impact

Because of the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids (UNSFA) and phenolics, walnut kernels are vulnerable to oxidative rancidity and browning due to unfavorable postharvest handling procedures. This study investigates the impact of gum arabic coating enriched with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on oxidative rancidity and browning of kernels during storage at 20 °C. The results showed that the walnut kernels coated with gum arabic (5 %) enriched with GABA (0.1 mM) exhibited lower oxidative rancidity and browning, manifested by lower peroxide value and malondialdehyde accumulation along with higher whiteness index. Moreover, kernels had higher UNSFA/SFA ratio as a response to lower lipoxygenase activity and H2O2 accumulation. The reduced oxidative browning in coated kernels was accompanied with lower polyphenol oxidase and higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity leading to higher accumulation of phenolics and increased DPPH• scavenging capacity. Based on our findings, gum arabic coating (5 %) enriched with GABA (0.1 mM) may have a commercial potential for maintaining nutritional quality of walnut kernels.

Can elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorate the effect of terminal drought in wheat?

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Helen Bramley ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Samuel Henty ◽  
Jens Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
The Impact

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production may be affected by the future climate, but the impact of the combined increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and incidence of drought that are predicted has not been evaluated. The combined effect of elevated CO2, high temperature and terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield was evaluated in vigorous (38–19) and nonvigorous (Janz) wheat genotypes grown under elevated CO2 (700 µL L–1) combined with temperatures 2°C, 4°C and 6°C above the current ambient temperature. Terminal drought was induced in all combinations at anthesis in a split-plot design to test whether the effect of elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorates the negative effects of terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield. Biomass and grain yield were enhanced under elevated CO2 with 2°C above the ambient temperature, regardless of the watering regimen. The combinations of elevated CO2 plus 4°C or 6°C above the ambient temperature did not enhance biomass and grain yield, but tended to decrease them. The reductions in biomass and grain yield (45–50%) caused by terminal drought were less severe (21–28%) under elevated CO2 with 2°C above the ambient temperature. The amelioration resulted from a 63% increase in the rate of leaf net photosynthesis in 38–19 and a 39% increase in tillering and leaf area in Janz. The contrasting responses and phenological development of these two genotypes to the combination of elevated CO2, temperature and terminal drought, and the possible influences on their source–sink relationships are discussed.

scholarly journals Genus Viburnum: Therapeutic Potentialities and Agro-Food-Pharma Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Cristian Valdés Vergara ◽  
Dusanka Kitic ◽  
Milica Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Phytochemical Components

The genus Viburnum (Adoxaceae, Dipsacales) is of scientific interest due to the chemical components and diverse biological activities found across species of the genus, which includes more than 230 species of evergreen, semievergreen, or deciduous shrubs and small trees. Although frequently used as an ornament, the Viburnum species show biological properties with health-promoting effects. Fruits, flowers, and barks of certain species are used for pharmaceutical purposes or as cooking ingredients, hence containing biochemical compounds with health-promoting activity such are carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. However, its taxonomical determination is difficult, due to its wide distribution and frequent hybridizations; therefore, an objective classification would allow us to understand its biological activity based on its phytochemical components. More than sixty phytochemical compounds have been reported, where vibsanin-type diterpenes and their derivatives are the most prevalent. Leaves and twigs of V. dilatatum contain the largest number of phytochemicals among the genus. Through preclinical evidence, this study provides insight regarding antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of genus Viburnum.

Recent Advances of In-Silico Modeling of Potent Antagonists for the Adenosine Receptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Narayan Samanta ◽  
Supratik Kar ◽  
Jerzy Leszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scoring Function ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Macromolecular Systems ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Algorithms ◽  
The Impact

The rapid advancement of computer architectures and development of mathematical algorithms offer a unique opportunity to leverage the simulation of macromolecular systems at physiologically relevant timescales. Herein, we discuss the impact of diverse structure-based and ligand-based molecular modeling techniques in designing potent and selective antagonists against each adenosine receptor (AR) subtype that constitutes multitude of drug targets. The efficiency and robustness of high-throughput empirical scoring function-based approaches for hit discovery and lead optimization in the AR family are assessed with the help of illustrative examples that have led to nanomolar to sub-micromolar inhibition activities. Recent progress in computer-aided drug discovery through homology modeling, quantitative structure-activity relation, pharmacophore models, and molecular docking coupled with more accurate free energy calculation methods are reported and critically analyzed within the framework of structure-based virtual screening of AR antagonists. Later, the potency and applicability of integrated molecular dynamics (MD) methods are addressed in the context of diligent inspection of intricated AR-antagonist binding processes. MD simulations are exposed to be competent for studying the role of the membrane as well as the receptor flexibility toward the precise evaluation of the biological activities of antagonistbound AR complexes such as ligand binding modes, inhibition affinity, and associated thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.

Structure and Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpenes Codrugs. A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Żwawiak ◽  
Anna Pawełczyk ◽  
Dorota Olender ◽  
Lucjusz Zaprutko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Structure And Activity

: Triterpenes are a wide and important group of compounds that have several promising pharmacological properties, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antioxidant, or anticancer activities. Such potent substances can be successfully incorporated in more complex chemical systems e.g. codrugs or pro-drugs that have better pharmacological profile. The codrug is connected with a drug formation pathway to chemically cohere at least two drug molecules to improve positive therapeutic efficiency or decrease side effects. The codrug can be cleaved in the organism to generate effective compounds previously used as substrates. This article presents an overview of codrugs that consist of pentacyclic triterpene moiety that is chosen as a basic codrug moiety due to their wide range of vital activities and another drug molecule fragment. It was found that triterpenoid codrugs are characterized by a wide range of biological activities. However, most of them have anticancer potency.

Biotransformation of Coumarins by Filamentous Fungi: An Alternative Way for Achievement of Bioactive Analogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainara Santos do Nascimento ◽  
João Carlos Silva Conceição ◽  
Eliane de Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Pattern Structures ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Compounds

Coumarins are natural 1,2-benzopyrones, present in remarkable amounts as secondary metabolites in edible and medicinal plants. The low yield in the coumarins isolation from natural sources, along with the difficulties faced by the total synthesis, make them attractive for biotechnological studies. The current literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of coumarins by fungi, which can generate chemical analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological interest in the coumarin-related compounds, their alimentary and chemical applications, this review covers the biotransformation of coumarins by filamentous fungi. The chemical structures of the analogs were presented and compared with those from the pattern structures. The main chemical reactions catalyzed the insertion of functional groups, and the impact on the biological activities caused by the chemical transformations were discussed. Several chemical reactions can be catalyzed by filamentous fungi in the coumarin scores, mainly lactone ring opening, C3-C4 reduction and hydroxylation. Chunninghamella sp. and Aspergillus sp. are the most common fungi used in these transformations. Concerning the substrates, the biotransformation of pyranocoumarins is a rarer process. Sometimes, the bioactivities were improved by the chemical modifications and coincidences with the mammalian metabolism were pointed out.

scholarly journals Increases of Lipophilic Antioxidants and Anticancer Activity of Coix Seed Fermented by Monascus purpureus

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Haiying Zeng ◽  
Likang Qin ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Song Miao
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Lipophilic Extract ◽  
Coix Seed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Human Laryngeal Carcinoma

Lipophilic tocols, γ-oryzanol, and coixenolide in coix seed before and after fermentation by Monascus purpureus were determined. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of raw and fermented coix seed were evaluated using free-radical-scavenging assays and polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation model, and human laryngeal carcinoma cell HEp2, respectively. Compared to the raw seed, the tocols, γ-oryzanol, and coixenolide contents increased approximately 4, 25, and 2 times, respectively, in the fermented coix seed. Especially, γ-tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol reached 72.5 and 655.0 μg/g in the fermented coix seed. The lipophilic extract from fermented coix seed exhibited higher antioxidant activity in scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid oxidation. The inhibitory concentrations for 50% cell survival (IC50) of lipophilic extract from fermented coix seed in inhibiting HEp2 cells decreased by 42%. This study showed that coix seed fermented by M. purpureus increased free and readily bioavailable lipophilic antioxidants and anticancer activity. Therefore, fermentation could enhance the efficacy of the health promoting function of coix seeds.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Nano and Microvesicles for Human Health and Therapeutic Potential in Nanomedicine

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Mariaevelina Alfieri ◽  
Antonietta Leone ◽  
Alfredo Ambrosone
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Plants produce different types of nano and micro-sized vesicles. Observed for the first time in the 60s, plant nano and microvesicles (PDVs) and their biological role have been inexplicably under investigated for a long time. Proteomic and metabolomic approaches revealed that PDVs carry numerous proteins with antifungal and antimicrobial activity, as well as bioactive metabolites with high pharmaceutical interest. PDVs have also been shown to be also involved in the intercellular transfer of small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs, suggesting fascinating mechanisms of long-distance gene regulation and horizontal transfer of regulatory RNAs and inter-kingdom communications. High loading capacity, intrinsic biological activities, biocompatibility, and easy permeabilization in cell compartments make plant-derived vesicles excellent natural or bioengineered nanotools for biomedical applications. Growing evidence indicates that PDVs may exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anticancer activities in different in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, clinical trials are currently in progress to test the effectiveness of plant EVs in reducing insulin resistance and in preventing side effects of chemotherapy treatments. In this review, we concisely introduce PDVs, discuss shortly their most important biological and physiological roles in plants and provide clues on the use and the bioengineering of plant nano and microvesicles to develop innovative therapeutic tools in nanomedicine, able to encompass the current drawbacks in the delivery systems in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical technology. Finally, we predict that the advent of intense research efforts on PDVs may disclose new frontiers in plant biotechnology applied to nanomedicine.

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