scholarly journals Comparison Study of Different Extracts of Plectranthus madagascariensis, P. neochilus and the Rare P. porcatus (Lamiaceae): Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Matias ◽  
Marisa Nicolai ◽  
Ana Sofia Fernandes ◽  
Nuno Saraiva ◽  
Joana Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Activity Data

Medicinal plants of the Plectranthus genus (Lamiaceae) are known for their ethnopharmacological relevance, mainly against infectious, dermatologic and gastrointestinal pathologies. Three Plectranthus species originated from South Africa, namely P. madagascariensis, P. neochilus and the rare P. porcatus were hereby screened for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities related with their known and/or potential ethnomedicinal uses. Twenty-six extracts were prepared by the combination of extraction methods (infusion, decoction, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, maceration and supercritical fluid extraction) with different polarity solvents (water, methanol, acetone and supercritical CO2). The comparison study of these extracts was elucidated through the corresponding chemical characterization and cytotoxic activity data. Therefore, the acetone extract from P. madagascariensis prepared by ultrasound extraction method revealed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (1.95 < minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) < 7.81 μg/mL), including a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. Additionally, acetone extracts from both P. madagascariensis and P. neochilus exhibited relevant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia (0.48 < MIC < 3.91 μg/mL), validating the traditional uses of such plants as anti-infectious agents. All methanolic extracts showed potent antioxidant effects at 100 μg/mL measured as their radical scavenging activity (60.8–89.0%) in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The P. madagascariensis extract obtained by maceration in acetone showed moderate cytotoxic effects in the MDA-MB-231 cell line (triple negative human breast carcinoma). The extract concentration that caused a 50% inhibition in cell viability (IC50) was 64.52 μg/mL. All extracts in this comparative study were profiled by high-performance liquid chromatography-HPLC with a diode-array detector-DAD (HPLC-DAD) and the main known bioactive components were identified in each extract, which included polyphenols (caffeic 1, chlorogenic 2 and rosmarinic 3 acids), abietane diterpenes (7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone 4 and coleon U 5) and flavone glycosides (rutin 6 and naringin 7).

Chemical characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic extract of Hymenocrater longiflorus grown in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal S.A. Al-Anee ◽  
Ghassan M. Sulaiman ◽  
Khulood W. Al-Sammarrae ◽  
Giuliana Napolitano ◽  
Renzo Bagnati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histone H2ax ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide

Abstract Hymenocrater longiflorus was collected from northern Iraq, and the chemical composition and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of this plant were investigated. Ten compounds detected by HPLC-ESI/MS were identified as flavonoids and phenolic acids. The free radical scavenging activity of the 70% methanol extract was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antioxidant activities of the extract may be attributed to its polyphenolic composition. The cytotoxicity of the plant extract against the osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell line was assessed with the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The extract significantly reduced the viability of cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cells were arrested during the S-phase of the cell cycle, and DNA damage was revealed by antibodies against histone H2AX. The apoptotic features of cell shrinkage and decrease in cell size were also observed. Western blot analysis revealed cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1 (PARP-1), in addition to increases in the proteins p53, p21, and γ-H2AX. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the H. longiflorus extract is highly cytotoxic to U2OS cells, most likely due to its polyphenolic composition.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization, fatty acid profile and antioxidant activity of Gustavia macarenensis fruit mesocarp and its oil from the Amazonian region of Ecuador as an unconventional source of vegetable oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
J. J. Reyes Mera ◽  
R. Abreu-Naranjo ◽  
J. M. Alvarez-Suarez ◽  
D. Viafara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the nutritional characterization, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Amazonian G. macarenensis fruit. The fatty acid profile was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin Ciocalteu’s method and by radical scavenging activity, respectively. Moreover, a cluster analysis was carried out in order to classify the G. macarenensis fruit oil according to its fatty acid profile. Seven Fisher linear discriminant functions were obtained from the discriminant analysis. These models allow one to classify new fruits on the basis of their fatty acid profile. A high value for total lipids was obtained (53.57%). Its main components were palmitic and oleic acid. The TPC value (156.49 ± 2.62 mg GAE/Kg of oil) obtained from the G. macarenensis fruit pulp oil is higher than what was reported for some olive oil and Brazilian mango oil varieties.

scholarly journals Elemental Analysis and Phenolic Profiles of Selected Italian Wines

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Paola Fermo ◽  
Valeria Comite ◽  
Milica Sredojević ◽  
Ivanka Ćirić ◽  
Uroš Gašić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

The study of the chemical composition of wines is nowadays a topic of great interest because of the importance of this market, especially in Italy, and also considering the numerous cases of falsification of famous and very expensive wines. The present paper focused on the analysis of metals and polyphenols in Italian wines belonging to different provenance and types. At this purpose 20 elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Regarding polyphenols, a total of 32 were quantified, among 6 were anthocyanins. Furthermore, in 4 samples (1 rosè and 3 red wines) 42 anthocyanins and related compounds were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap MS technique (among these, 6 were also quantified). Non-anthocyanins were determined using UHPLC coupled with a diode array detector and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC–DAD-QqQ-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The results obtained by elemental techniques were submitted to principal components analysis (PCA) allowing to get information on both geographical and botanical origin of the examined wine samples. Some polyphenols have been detected in higher concentrations only in a certain type of wine, as for example in the case of Grechetto wine. Most of the identified anthocyanin derivatives (pyranoanthocyanins) are formed during the aging of wine by reaction with the other wine components.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Insecticidal and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Three Acantholimon Species (A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Ardalan Pasdaran ◽  
Satyajit D. Sarker ◽  
Lutfun Nahar ◽  
Azadeh Hamedi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Background: The essential oil from the Acantholimon genus have been an integral part of the traditional food additive in Middle East. Most of the plants in Acantholimon genus have not been studied scientifically. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition, antibacterial, insecticidal and anti-oxidant activities of three Acantholimon species including Acantholimon atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium. Method: The essential oils of the aerial parts were extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical constitutions were identified by gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy technique, also their toxicities were assessed against the two important grain products pests, Oryzeaphilus mercator and Tribolium castaneum. Antibacterial activity was assessed against the three foodborne bacteria that include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus based on the disc diffusion assay. Free-radical-scavenging property was identified based on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Results: 2-hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was the main compound in A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium, whilst farnesyl acetone, heptacosane and germacrene D were the principal components of A. atropatanum essential oil. These oils exhibited 40-90% mortality of O. mercator and/or T. castaneum at a dose of 12 μl/l air after 48h of exposure, and exhibited significant free-radicalscavenging property (RC50 = 3.7 × 10-3 - 8.3 × 10-3 mg/ml). The oils of A. tragacanthium and A. gilliatii showed a weaker antibacterial activity compared to A. atropatanum. Conclusion: A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium essential oils had significant insecticidal and anti-oxidant properties. They also showed week to moderate antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme content, phenolic content, and antibacterial activity of Commiphora gileadensis grown in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Yaaser Q. Almulaiky ◽  
Ammar AL-Farga
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peel Extract

Commiphora gileadensis is commonly used in Saudi Arabia for oral hygiene. A lack of data about its biological activity encouraged us to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of its leaf and stem extracts. Ethanol, methanol, acetone and deionized water were tested as extraction solvents. 80% methanol gave the highest extracted concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid substances. The leaf and stem extracts were respectively evaluated for their radical scavenging activity with DPPH (EC50 = 3.39, and 1.06), ABTS (EC50 = 0.690, and 0.55), and peroxide scavenging activity (EC50 = 2.43, and 1.28). GC-MS identified a wide range of compounds that may be responsible for these activities of the results observed. The highest levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and lycopene were found in the leaf extract while level of proanthocyanidins was found in the stem peels extract. The peroxidase and catalase activities of stem peel extract were higher than those of the leaf extract. The findings showed that the leaf and stem peel extracts of C. gileadensis exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the plant extracts were compared with the standard reference drug Augmentin but the time–kill curves for the C. gileadensis extracts showed that they were less effective than Augmentin. Moreover, the stem peel extract exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than the leaf extract. In conclusion, C. gileadensis can be an important source of natural antioxidants, used as a healthy chewing stick for teeth brushing and oral hygiene purposes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of non-cytotoxic extracts of corticolous lichens sampled in Armenia

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razmik Sargsyan ◽  
Arsen Gasparyan ◽  
Gohar Tadevosyan ◽  
Hovik Panosyan
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Acetone Extracts

AbstractDue to wide range of secondary metabolites, lichens were used from antiquity as sources of colorants, perfumes and medicaments. This research focuses on exploring the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of methanol, ethanol, acetone extracts and aqueous infusions of corticolous lichens sampled from Armenia. Methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts from all tested lichens were active against Gram-positive bacterial strains. The most effective solvent to retrieve antimicrobial compounds was methanol. Aqueous infusions of tested lichens didn’t show any significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed for methanol extract of Ramalina sinensis. The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of Ramalina sinensis were 0.9–1.8 mg mL− 1. Pseudevernia furfuracea demonstrated antifungal activity (Ø 12 mm). Methanol extract of Parmelia sulcata demonstrated largest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (71 %). The cytotoxicity was measured on human HeLa (cervical carcinoma) cell lines using microculture tetrazolium test assay. The IC50 values estimated for methanol extracts of Peltigera praetextata, Evernia prunastri, Ramalina sinensis and Ramalina farinacea species in HeLa cell line were within 1.8–2.8 mg mL− 1 and considered as non-cytotoxic. Obtained results suggest that studied lichens can be prospective in biotechnologies as alternative sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant substances.

scholarly journals Composition and biological assays of the leaf essential oil of Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Bak

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakayode O. Odeja ◽  
Michael Gabriel Ibok ◽  
Ejike O. Okpala
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Abstract Background Asparagus flagellaris leaves are ethnomedicinally used to treat syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with no reports on the volatile constituents. This study was aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively characterise the composition of essential oil, evaluates the free radical scavenging and antimicrobial capacity of the essential oil. Methods The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation method using all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus, while the identification and quantification of constituents were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antioxidant activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was evaluated and the oil was also tested against 10 strains of microorganisms consisting of 6 bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and 4 fungi: Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp. using broth dilution and surface plate methods, respectively. Results A pale yellow essential oil with a characteristic scent was obtained, with a yield of 0.80% (w/w). A total of 28 compounds accounting for 97.41% of the total oil contents were identified. The oil was predominated by Thymol and its derivatives, accounting for 57.48%. The most abundance (% area) constituents of the essential oil were 5-Thymyl tiglate (18.49%), Thymyl-2-methyl butyrate (17.34%), Thymol hydroquinone dimethyl ether (10.52%), Thymol methyl ether (9.42%) and 5-Propyl-1, 3-benzodioxole (4.59%). The essential oil showed a significant free radical scavenging activity compared to the standard antioxidant drugs used in this study, with % inhibition varying from 88.06 ± 0.0001 to 93.05 ± 0.0006. The leaf essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity on all the tested organisms at 500–125 μg/mL, with an 18–10 mm inhibitory zone. Conclusion The leaf essential oil of A. flagellaris contains notable chemical compounds responsible for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Antioxidative Effects of Helichrysum italicum and Helichrysum arenarium Infusions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Katja Kramberger ◽  
Zala Jenko Pražnikar ◽  
Alenka Baruca Arbeiter ◽  
Ana Petelin ◽  
Dunja Bandelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (abbrev. as HA) has a long tradition in European ethnomedicine and its inflorescences are approved as a herbal medicinal product. In the Mediterranean part of Europe, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (abbrev. as HI) is more common. Since infusions from both plants are traditionally used, we aimed to compare their antioxidative potential using in vitro assays. Two morphologically distinct HI plants, HIa and HIb, were compared to a commercially available HA product. Genetic analysis using microsatellites confirmed a clear differentiation between HI and HA and suggested that HIb was a hybrid resulting from spontaneous hybridization from unknown HI subspecies. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed the highest amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids and total arzanol derivatives in HIa, whereas HIb was richest in monohydroxybenzoic acids, caffeic acids, and coumarins, and HA contained the highest amounts of flavonoids, especially flavanones. HIa exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity; it was more efficient in protecting different cell lines from induced oxidative stress and in inducing oxidative stress-related genes superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and glutathione reductase 1. The antioxidative potential of HI was not only dependent on the morphological type of the plant but also on the harvest date, revealing important information for obtaining the best possible product. Considering the superior properties of HI compared to HA, the evaluation of HI as a medicinal plant could be recommended.

scholarly journals Phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of fern, Asplenium ceterach L. in different altitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Asuman Karadeniz Pekgöz ◽  
Ilker Çinbilgel
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Contents ◽  
Different Altitudes

Phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of fern (Asplenium ceterach L.) distributed in different altitudes (22 stations) were compared and the relationships between altitude and plant chemical contents were studied. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was found in 22nd station (IC50 = 47.91 μg/ml) and the highest total phenolic content was found in 9th station (110.62 μgGAE/ml) whereas the maximum total flavonoid content was found in 20th station (232.67 μgCE/ml). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicates that the maximum pterosin b (0.235 μg/ml), catechin (2.756 μg/ml) and quercetin (0.207 μg/ml) values were found in 21th station whereas the maximum chlorogenic acid (17.718 μg/ml) was obtained in 9th and caffeic acid (6,598 μg/ml) in 13th stations. It was observed that altitude is not potent alone, but it can be a factor in the occurrence of other ecological factors like soil properties, water, humidity, light and temperature.

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