scholarly journals Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) as an Early Indicator of Envenomation in Australian Elapid Snakebites (ASP-27)

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Geoffrey K. Isbister ◽  
Nandita Mirajkar ◽  
Kellie Fakes ◽  
Simon G. A. Brown ◽  
Punnam Chander Veerati
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Pla2 Activity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
Early Case ◽  
Cayman Chemical

Early diagnosis of snake envenomation is essential, especially neurotoxicity and myotoxicity. We investigated the diagnostic value of serum phospholipase (PLA2) in Australian snakebites. In total, 115 envenomated and 80 non-envenomated patients were recruited over 2 years, in which an early blood sample was available pre-antivenom. Serum samples were analyzed for secretory PLA2 activity using a Cayman sPLA2 assay kit (#765001 Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor MI, USA). Venom concentrations were measured for snake identification using venom-specific enzyme immunoassay. The most common snakes were Pseudonaja spp. (33), Notechis scutatus (24), Pseudechis porphyriacus (19) and Tropidechis carinatus (17). There was a significant difference in median PLA2 activity between non-envenomated (9 nmol/min/mL; IQR: 7–11) and envenomated patients (19 nmol/min/mL; IQR: 10–66, p < 0.0001) but Pseudonaja spp. were not different to non-envenomated. There was a significant correlation between venom concentrations and PLA2 activity (r = 0.71; p < 0.0001). PLA2 activity was predictive for envenomation; area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), 0.79 (95% confidence intervals [95%CI]: 0.72–0.85), which improved with brown snakes excluded, AUC-ROC, 0.88 (95%CI: 0.82–0.94). A cut-point of 16 nmol/min/mL gives a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 100% for Australian snakes, excluding Pseudonaja. PLA2 activity was a good early predictor of envenomation in most Australian elapid bites. A bedside PLA2 activity test has potential utility for early case identification but may not be useful for excluding envenomation.

scholarly journals 0588 Ring Pulse Oximeter for Screening of Moderate to Severe OSA: A Pilot Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A225-A225
Author(s):  
J Xue ◽  
R Zhao ◽  
J Li ◽  
L Zhao ◽  
B Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
Oxygen Desaturation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acceptance Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract Introduction To evaluate the utility of the ring pulse oximeter for screening of OSA in adults. Methods 87 adults were monitored by a ring pulse oximeter and PSG simultaneously during a nocturnal in-lab sleep testing. 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI3); Mean oxygen saturation(MSpO2), Saturation impair time below 90% (SIT90) derived from an automated algorithm of the ring pulse oximeter. Meanwhile, the parameters of PSG were scored manually according to the AASM Manual. Correlation and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to measure the accuracy of ring pulse oximeter and its diagnostic value for moderate to severe OSA (AHI≥15). Results Among the 87 participants, 18 cases were AHI&lt;5, 17 cases were diagnosed with mild OSA (AHI:5-14.9), 25 cases were diagnosed with moderate OSA (AHI:15-29.9) and 27 cases were diagnosed with severe OSA (AHI≥30). There was no significant difference between PSG and ring pulse oximeter in regard to ODI3 (23.4±23.5 vs 24.7 ± 21.7), and SIT90 (1.54%, range 0.14%-8.99% vs. 3.20%, range 0.60%, 12.30%) (P&gt;0.05], Further analysis indicated that two parameters from the oximeter correlated well with that derived from PSG (r=0.889, 0.567, respectively, both p&lt;0.05). Although MSpO2 correlated significantly (r=0.448, P&lt;0.05), the difference was remarkable [95.9%, range 94.0% to 97.0% vs. 94.5%, range 93.3% to 95.7%, p&lt;0.05]. Bland-Altman plots showed that the agreement of these three parameters was within the clinical acceptance range. The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the ring pulse oximeter when the oximeter derived ODI3 ≥12.5 in the diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA were 82.7% and 74.3%, respectively. Conclusion The pilot study indicated that ring pulse oximeter can detect oxygen desaturation events accurately, therefore to be used as a screening tool for moderate to severe OSA. Support The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81420108002 and NO. 81570083).

Diagnostic efficacy of serum and urinary netrin-1 in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy

2021 ◽  
pp. jim-2021-001785
Author(s):  
Rasha A Elkholy ◽  
Reham L Younis ◽  
Alzahraa A Allam ◽  
Rasha Youssef Hagag ◽  
Muhammad Tarek Abdel Ghafar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of serum and urinary netrin-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to compare its efficacy of estimation in serum with that in the urine. This study was carried out on 135 patients with T2DM and 45 healthy subjects. The patients with diabetes were divided according to urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) into: T2DM with normoalbuminuria, incipient DN with microalbuminuria, and overt DN with macroalbuminuria groups. Serum and urinary levels of netrin-1 were measured by ELISA. The mean levels of serum and urinary netrin-1 were significantly higher in the microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients with DN than those in the normoalbuminuric patients with T2DM, with the highest values detected in macroalbuminuric patients with DN. Urinary netrin-1 level was significantly higher in the normoalbuminuric T2DM group than control group, whereas no significant difference existed regarding serum netrin-1 level. In T2DM groups, the urinary and serum netrin-1 correlated with each other and were independently related to fasting blood glucose, UACR, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of urinary netrin-1 was 0.916 which is significantly higher than that of serum netrin-1 (0.812) for the detection of incipient DN and reached 0.938 on coestimation of both urinary and serum netrin-1. In conclusion, netrin-1 is a potential diagnostic marker for early detection of DN with its estimation in urine has higher accuracy than that of serum.

scholarly journals Association and diagnostic value of serum SPINK4 in colorectal cancer

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Xie ◽  
Kezhi Li ◽  
Jilin Li ◽  
Dongcheng Lu ◽  
Bangli Hu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peptidase Inhibitor ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

The role of serum serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 4 (SPINK4), in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the association and diagnostic value of serum SPINK4 in CRC. A total of 70 preoperative CRC patients, 30 postoperative CRC patients, 30 gastric cancer patients, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found that the serum SPINK4 level was significantly increased in preoperative CRC compared with postoperative CRC patients, gastric cancer patients, and healthy controls (p < 0.05). The serum SPINK4 level was remarkably elevated in colon cancer compared with rectal cancer and was enhanced in the M1 stage compared with the M0 stage (p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum SPINK4 level in the diagnosis of CRC was 0.9186, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.886 and 0.900, respectively, and a cut-off value of 2.065. There was no significant difference between high and low expression of serum SPINK4 regarding the overall survival time and disease-free survival (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that the serum SPINK4 level increased in CRC and was associated with the location and distant metastasis of CRC. It had a high diagnostic value in CRC but was not associated with the survival of CRC patients.

The Diagnostic Value of Normalized ADC Using Spleen As A Reference Organ In Assessment Of Liver Fibrosis

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omina Ahmed Kamal ◽  
Aya Yassin Ahmed ◽  
Mona Mohamed Ali ◽  
Mai Ahmed Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Abstract Objectives To investigate the value of liver ADC normalization using spleen as a reference organ in liver fibrosis assessment, in comparison with transient elastography (Fibroscan). Materials and methods A total of 60 participants were included,30 HCV positive patients and 30 in the control group. We calculated mean Spleen apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), liver mean ADC and normalized liver ADC (defined as the ratio of Liver ADC to spleen ADC) which were compared between cirrhotic patients and the control group. Data was analyzed and ROC was used to evaluate the performance of nADC. Results No significant difference between spleen ADC values of patient group and control group or in-between different fibrosis stages. A significant negative linear correlation between control and patient groups using ADC (r = -0.900; p = 0.0374) or nADC(r=-1:p&lt;0,001).We also found that the mean liver ADC and nADC value in patients with hepatic fibrosis was significantly lower than that of volunteers (1.53 × 10 − 3 mm2/s vs.1.65 × 10 − 3 mm2/s, p = 0.001 &1.). Liver ADC only could distinguish F0 from F4. After analysis with ROC, there was a statistically significant difference between area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of normalized liver ADC and ADC for all groups except for F4 stage. nADC AUC was 0.878 for detection of stage ≥ F2 with sensitivity and specificity of 87% & 80% respectively while ADC AUC was 0.548 with sensitivity and specificity of 62 % & 72% respectively(p = 0.021), ≥ F3 AUC of nADC was0.891 with sensitivity and specificity of 88.7 % & 80% respectively while ADC AUC is 0.603 with sensitivity and specificity of 72% & 72% respectively(p = 0.03), and F4 stage nADC AUC was0.879 for with sensitivity and specificity of 90% & 80% respectively ,while ADC AUC was 0.648 with sensitivity and specificity of 80 % & 72% respectively(p = 0.054) Conclusion Normalized liver ADC using the spleen as a reference organ increases the diagnostic performance of MRI in evaluation of liver fibrosis in comparison to ADC alone.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification for Breast Lesions with Different Size

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Yao ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Liling Zou ◽  
Guang Xu ◽  
Juan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tissue Quantification

Purpose. To evaluate diagnostic value of the virtual touch tissue quantification (VTTQ) for breast lesions with different sizes.Materials and Methods. Patients with 206 breast lesions were categorized into three groups according to lesion size (<10 mm, 10–20 mm, and >20 mm). Breast lesions were examined by conventional ultrasound and VTTQ, and shear wave velocity (SWV) of each lesion and adjacent normal breast tissue were measured. Diagnoses were confirmed by pathological examination after surgery. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of SWV, and the area under curves (AUC) was compared among groups.Results. SWV of malignant lesions was much higher than that of benign lesions, whereas the difference was not obvious for lesions <10 mm (P=0.15). There was statistical significant difference of AUC between lesions <10 mm and 10–20 mm (P<0.05), as well as lesions <10 mm and >20 mm (P<0.05). The sensitivity of lesions <10 mm was 33.33%, which was relatively low compared to other groups.Conclusion. According to our results, VTTQ is a promising method for breast lesions >10 mm, and further studies were warranted to improve sensitivity of VTTQ for breast lesions <10 mm.

scholarly journals The Role of Fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum and pks+ Escherichia coli as Early Diagnostic Markers of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kaixi Liu ◽  
Xinran Yang ◽  
Mi Zeng ◽  
Yumeng Yuan ◽  
Jianhong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
E Coli

Background. Accurate analysis of intestinal microbiota will facilitate establishment of an evaluating system for assessing colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and prognosis. This study evaluates the potential role of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Escherichia coli with a pks gene (pks+ E. coli) in early CRC diagnosis. Methods. We recruited 139 patients, including CRC ( n = 60 ), colorectal adenomatous polyposis (CAP) ( n = 37 ), and healthy individuals ( n = 42 ) based on their colonoscopy examinations. We collected stool and serum samples from the participants and measured the relative abundance of F. nucleatum and pks+ E. coli in fecal samples by quantitative PCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to analyze the diagnostic value of single or combined biomarkers. Results. Fecal F. nucleatum and pks+ E. coli levels were higher in the CRC group in either the CAP group or healthy controls ( P = 0.02 ; 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of F. nucleatum and pks+ E. coli in patients with different tumor sites ( P > 0.05 ). The combination of F. nucleatum+pks+ E. coli+CEA+CA19-9+FOBT was chosen as the optimal panel in differentiating both CRC and CAP from the controls. The combination of F. nucleatum, pks+ E. coli, and FOBT improved diagnostic efficiency. However, there was difficulty in differentiating CRC from CAP. Conclusion. Our results suggested that combining bacterial markers with conventional tumor markers improves the diagnostic efficiency for noninvasive diagnosis of CRC.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Improves the Accuracy of the ACR TI-RADS in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules Located in the Isthmus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlin Huang ◽  
Yurong Hong ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Pintong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Image Reporting ◽  
Benign Nodules

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Image Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and a modified TI-RADS in differentiating benign and malignant nodules located in the isthmus. Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Informed consent was obtained. Grayscale ultrasound (US) and CEUS images were obtained for 203 isthmic thyroid nodules (46 benign and 157 malignant) in 198 consecutive patients (156 women, mean age: 44.7 years ± 11.3 [standard deviation]; 47 men, mean age: 40.9 years ± 11.0). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the diagnostic performance of the ACR TI-RADS, CEUS, and the modified TI-RADS were evaluated. Results Lobulated or irregular margins (P = 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 9.250) and punctate echogenic foci (P = 0.007; OR = 4.718) on US and hypoenhancement (P < 0.001; OR = 20.888) on CEUS displayed a significant association with malignancy located in the isthmus. The most valuable method to distinguish benign nodules from malignant nodules was the modified TI-RADS (AUC: 0.863 with modified TR5), which was significantly better than the ACR TI-RADS (AUC: 0.738 with ACR TR5) (P < 0.001) but showed no significant difference with respect to CEUS (AUC: 0.835 with hypoenhancement) (P = 0.205). The diagnostic value was significantly different between CEUS and the ACR TI-RADS (P = 0.028). Conclusion The modified TI-RADS could significantly improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of thyroid nodules located in the isthmus.

scholarly journals Detection of Immunoglobulin G1 Against rK39 Improves Monitoring of Treatment Outcomes in Visceral Leishmaniasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1130-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Mollett ◽  
Bruno C Bremer Hinckel ◽  
Tapan Bhattacharyya ◽  
Tegwen Marlais ◽  
Om Prakash Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Case

Abstract Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the Leishmania donovani complex, is a fatal, neglected tropical disease that is targeted for elimination in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Improved diagnostic tests are required for early case detection and for monitoring the outcomes of treatments. Previous investigations using Leishmania lysate antigen demonstrated that the immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 response is a potential indicator of a patient’s clinical status after chemotherapy. Methods IgG1 or IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with rK39 or lysate antigens and novel IgG1 rK39 rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were assessed with Indian VL serum samples from the following clinical groups: paired pre- and postchemotherapy (deemed cured); relapsed; other infectious diseases; and endemic, healthy controls. Results With paired pre- and post-treatment samples (n = 37 pairs), ELISAs with rK39- and IgG1-specific conjugates gave a far more discriminative decrease in post-treatment antibody responses when compared to IgG (P < .0001). Novel IgG1 rK39 RDTs provided strong evidence for decreased IgG1 responses in patients who had successful treatment (P < .0001). Furthermore, both IgG1 rK39 RDTs (n = 38) and ELISAs showed a highly significant difference in test outcomes between cured patients and those who relapsed (n = 23; P < .0001). RDTs were more sensitive than corresponding ELISAs. Conclusions We present strong evidence for the use of IgG1 in monitoring treatment outcomes in VL, and the first use of an IgG1-based RDT using the rK39 antigen for the discrimination of post-treatment cure versus relapse in VL. Such an RDT may have a significant role in monitoring patients and in targeted control and elimination of this devastating disease.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of CYFRA21-1, CA19-9 and SCCAg Detection in Esophageal Cancer

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunran Du ◽  
Yanming Wang ◽  
Shenyan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combined Detection

Objectives To investigate the value of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate anti-gen 19-9 (CA19-9) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Methods 100 cases of esophageal cancer (study group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited in the study, the serum levels of CYFRA21-1, CA19-9 and SCCAg in these patients were detected. Subgroups analysis was performed in study group by clinical staging, and the diagnostic value of CYFRA21-1, CA19-9 and SCCAg in detecting esophageal cancer was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results The serum levels of CYFRA21-1, CA19-9 and SCCAg in study group were significantly higher than those in control group, and those were significantly lower in patients with stageⅠ-Ⅱ disease than those with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease, indicating statistically significant difference (P<0.01); the sensitivity of serum CYFRA21-1, CA19-9 and SCCAg in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer was 82.26%, and specificity was 91.33%,  with positive predictive value being  86.14%, and negative predictive value being 89.57%, and AUC value was 0.864, the combined detection was superior to each measure utilized alone, the difference was significantly significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The combined detection of serum CYFRA21-1, CA19-9, and SCCAg can significantly improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in detecting the esophageal cancer.

Serum Levels of miR-223-3p and miR-223-5p in Prostate Diseases

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakup Dülgeroğlu ◽  
Onur Eroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prostate Cancer Development ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Prostate Diseases

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in males and is at fifth place in cancerassociated mortality. Although the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used in PCa screenings, it has significant limitations in the differential diagnosis of PCa. Therefore, studies on developing new biomarkers on PCa diagnosis are ongoing. miRNAs are good candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancers, including prostate cancer, as they can be easily detected from the circulation. Objective: In this study, it is aimed to determine diagnostic value of serum levels of miR-223-3p and -223-5p in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), chronic prostatitis (CP) and prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Serum samples was collected from 68 patients in total (25 BPH, 10 CP, 33 PCa). miR-223-3p and -223-5p levels were measured in serum with qRT-PCR. The Ct values of miRNAs were normalized according to the Ct value of ce-miR-39 and calculated -ΔCt values were used statistical analyses. Results: The serum levels of miR-223-3p and -223-5p were downregulated in the PCa and CP groups, compared to the BPH group. There was no statistically significant difference between PCa and CP groups. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-223-3p, -223-5p and their combination were calculated as 88% and 88%; 86% and 79%; 93% and 92% in discriminating BPH and PCa groups, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that miR-223-3p and -223-5p were both detectable in the circulation. miR-223- 3p, -223-5p, and their combination may be good candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis. Also, observation of similar serum levels of miR-223-3p and -223-5p between CP and PCa groups suggests that miR-223 may play a role in prostate cancer development originated from chronic inflammation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document