scholarly journals Autoantibodies as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Qiu ◽  
Bailey Keyser ◽  
Zuan-Tao Lin ◽  
Tianfu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthy Tissue ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Disease Stratification ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality in women; however, technologies for early stage screening and diagnosis (e.g., mammography and other imaging technologies) are not optimal for the accurate detection of cancer. This creates demand for a more effective diagnostic means to replace or be complementary to existing technologies for early discovery of breast cancer. Cancer neoantigens could reflect tumorigenesis, but they are hardly detectable at the early stage. Autoantibodies, however, are biologically amplified and hence may be measurable early on, making them promising biomarkers to discriminate breast cancer from healthy tissue accurately. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of breast cancer specific antigens and autoantibodies, which may be useful in early detection, disease stratification, and monitoring of treatment responses of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Identification of Early Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers via WGCNA in Stomach Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyue Tan ◽  
Guanghui Zhang ◽  
Ruochen Liu ◽  
Jianbing Hou ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ◽  
Stomach Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Early Diagnostic ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a leading cause of cancer deaths, and the outcome of the patients remains dismal for the lack of effective biomarkers of early detection. Recent studies have elucidated the landscape of genomic alterations of gastric cancer and reveal some biomarkers of advanced-stage gastric cancer, however, information about early-stage biomarkers is limited. Here, we adopt Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to screen potential biomarkers for early-stage STAD using RNA-Seq and clinical data from TCGA database. We find six gene clusters (or modules) are significantly correlated with the stage-I STADs. Among these, five hub genes, i.e., MS4A1, THBS2, VCAN, PDGFRB, and KCNA3 are identified and significantly de-regulated in the stage-I STADs compared with the normal stomach gland tissues, which suggests they can serve as potential early diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, we show that high expression of VCAN and PDGFRB is associated with poor prognosis of STAD. VCAN encodes a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is the main component of the extracellular matrix, and PDGFRB encodes a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. Consistently, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes in the STADs indicates terms associated with extracellular matrix and receptor ligand activity are significantly enriched. Protein-protein network interaction analysis (PPI) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) further support the core role of VCAN and PDGFRB in the tumorigenesis. Collectively, our study identifies the potential biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of STAD.

Outcome of mammography examination among asymptomatic women.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13558-e13558
Author(s):  
Hadijat Oluseyi Kolade-Yunusa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Architectural Distortion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mammographic Examination ◽  
Asymptomatic Women

e13558 Background: Early detection of breast cancer is important in reducing mortality, morbidity and high socio-economic burden associated with it. Mammography is currently the primary imaging modality used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms as they are most curable in the early stage. The aim of the study is to determine the mammographic outcome in asymptomatic women who presented for mammographic breast examination in Abuja,Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises of 113 asymptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the Radiology department of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from March 2015 to December 2018. Two basic views (craniocaudal and mediolateral views) of the breast were obtained using EXR-650 machine.Additional views were obtained when necessary. Images of the breast were review by radiologist. Results: The mean age of study population was 40.72 ±10.45years with age range of 35 and 65 years. The mammographic outcome among asymptomatic women who had mammographic examination was negative in 69(61.1%) women and positive in 44(38.9%). The differences observed between the positive and negative mammographic outcome was statistically significant p = 0.01. The positive outcome noted in mammograms of women examined were: benign mass in 18(15.9%) women; 9(8.0%) had benign calcification; 7(6.2%) showed architectural distortion; 5(4.4%) was inconclusive; focal asymmetry in 3(2.6%); and suspicious mass in 2(1.8%). Conclusions: Mammogram is an important tool for screening and diagnoses of breast pathologies. In this study, screening of women reveals various benign and malignant breast changes which necessitate early interventions. Early detection of breast cancer save lives. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Promoting Clinical Breast Evaluations in a Lower Middle–Income Country Setting: An Approach Toward Achieving a Sustainable Breast Health Program

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roziya Buribekova ◽  
Irina Shukurbekova ◽  
Surayo Ilnazarova ◽  
Nekruz Jamshevov ◽  
Guldarbogh Sadonshoeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Clinical Breast

Purpose To promote a systems-based approach for the early detection and downstaging of breast cancer at presentation in the remote mountainous region of Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO), Tajikistan, by introducing breast cancer awareness into the community and training health care professionals in clinical breast evaluation (CBE). Methods Through a public-private partnership between the Ministry of Health, the Aga Khan Health Services, Tajikistan, and the Aga Khan Health Board, we organized breast cancer screening in the community and trained family medicine doctors (FMDs) and family medicine nurses (FMNs) in CBE. We identified and trained CBE master trainers, who, in turn, systematically trained FMNs to conduct CBEs in each of the remote regional clinics. Results Between 2014 and 2017, 47 FMDs (85% of all FMDs in GBAO), 166 FMNs (55% of all FMNs in GBAO), and six master trainers were trained. Of 3,556 women who were screened, abnormal CBEs were noted in 696 of them (20%). Of the last 1,101 CBEs that were performed by trainee FMNs, with secondary CBEs by master trainers, the rate of abnormal CBEs plateaued at 9%. A total of 18 women were diagnosed with breast cancer—2.6% of abnormal CBEs and 0.5% of all screened women. Conclusion A dual-pronged approach of community awareness and CBE training of health care professionals, supported by CBE master trainers, offers a sustainable approach for the early detection of breast pathology. We observed anecdotal evidence of clinical early-stage detection over time with improved CBE proficiency and community acceptance. Sustaining this program will require advocacy by health care providers and a responsive public policy to support the early detection and treatment of breast cancer across the region.

scholarly journals A Rich Array of Prostate Cancer Molecular Biomarkers: Opportunities and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Kohaar ◽  
Gyorgy Petrovics ◽  
Shiv Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Prognostic Tests ◽  
Disease Stratification

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent non-skin cancer in men and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Early detection of prostate cancer is largely determined by a widely used prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test and biopsy is performed for definitive diagnosis. Prostate cancer is asymptomatic in the early stage of the disease, comprises of diverse clinico-pathologic and progression features, and is characterized by a large subset of the indolent cancer type. Therefore, it is critical to develop an individualized approach for early detection, disease stratification (indolent vs. aggressive), and prediction of treatment response for prostate cancer. There has been remarkable progress in prostate cancer biomarker discovery, largely through advancements in genomic technologies. A rich array of prostate cancer diagnostic and prognostic tests has emerged for serum (4K, phi), urine (Progensa, T2-ERG, ExoDx, SelectMDx), and tumor tissue (ConfirmMDx, Prolaris, Oncoytype DX, Decipher). The development of these assays has created new opportunities for improving prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. While opening exciting opportunities, these developments also pose unique challenges in terms of selecting and incorporating these assays into the continuum of prostate cancer patient care.

scholarly journals ctDNA in Breast Milk for Early Detection of Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Sanso ◽  
Cristina Saura ◽  
Carolina Ortiz ◽  
Enrique Arenas Lahuerta ◽  
Judit Matito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Localized Disease

Abstract Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) is an overall poor prognosis group compared to non-PABC breast cancer (BC), mainly due to late diagnosis. Effective screening approaches for early detection may improve its outcome. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the breast milk serum (sBM) of PABC in patients with early-stage disease and its ability to recapitulate somatic mutations present in the primary tumor. Moreover, our results demonstrate that sBM robustly surpasses plasma for tumor genetic profiling due to a prevalent shedding of ctDNA into the sBM in localized disease, as well as increased total cell-free DNA (cfDNA) abundance and integrity. Thus, we propose sBM as a potential new non-invasive liquid biopsy for a prompt detection of PABC.

scholarly journals Breast cancer screening and diagnosis: a glance back and a look forward

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4997
Author(s):  
Arslaan Javaeed
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

The breast cancer has emerged as the commonest malignancy among women and the second most common cancer worldwide after lung cancer. But luckily, the survival rate has also increased significantly to about 98% in patients with early stage of the disease. It shows that an early and accurate diagnosis will considerably reduce the morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Therefore, the selection of proper diagnostic technique is of immense importance. Various techniques for screening and diagnosis of breast cancer include conventional methods like self and clinical breast examination, mammography and ultrasound. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging are useful for advanced stages of the disease. Biopsy is the gold standard test for the diagnosis. Present article is an effort review different techniques available for the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. 

scholarly journals Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Pelaksanaan SADARI pada Ibu Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Jati

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desti Wahyuni ◽  
Edison Edison ◽  
Wirsma Arif Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Self Examination

AbstrakKanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian yang diakibatkan oleh kanker pada kaum wanita. Upaya deteksi dini kanker payudara sangat penting dilakukan, karena apabila kanker payudara dapat dideteksi pada stadium dini dan diterapi secara tepat sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kematian. Salah satu cara deteksi dini kanker payudara adalah dengan cara Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI) yang merupakan teknik paling mudah dilaksanakan dan tidak memerlukan biaya. Pelaksanaan SADARI pada seseorang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal, yaitu pengetahuan tentang SADARI, dan sikap serta dukungan dari lingkungan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pelaksanaan SADARI. Penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu rumah tangga di kelurahan Jati dengan sampel sebanyak 48 orang. Cara pengambilan sampel adalah dengan multistage random sampling. Data mengenai tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, data pelaksanaan SADARI didapatkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang selanjutnya dianalisis. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa tingkat pelaksanaan SADARI cendrung dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap SADARI.Kata kunci: pengetahuan, sikap, pelaksanaan SADARI.AbstractBreast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer -related deaths in women. Early detection of breast cancer is very important, because if breast cancer can be detected at an early stage and treated appropriately so as to reduce mortality. One method of early detection of breast cancer is by Breast Self Examination (BSE). It is a technique that is most easily implemented and does not require a fee. Implementation of BSE in a person affected by the knowledge about BSE, and attituded as well as support of the social environment.The objective of this study was to determine correlation between knowledge and attitudes to implementation of BSE This research was an analytic survey with cross-sectional design. The population in this study was a housewife in Keluraha Jati with a sample of 48 people.The sampling is with multistage random sampling. Data on the level of knowledge, attitudes, and implementation of BSE obtained through interviews using questionnaires were then analyzed. Based on this research it was found that the level of implementation of the BSE tend to be influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes toward BSE.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, implementation, BSE.

scholarly journals Circulating Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Meng-Shin Shiao ◽  
Jia-Ming Chang ◽  
Arb-Aroon Lertkhachonsuk ◽  
Naparat Rermluk ◽  
Natini Jinawath
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Endogenous Reference ◽  
Treatment Responses

Failure to detect early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a major contributing factor to its low survival rate. Increasing evidence suggests that different subtypes of EOC may behave as distinct diseases due to their different cells of origins, histology and treatment responses. Therefore, the identification of EOC subtype-specific biomarkers that can early detect the disease should be clinically beneficial. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by different types of cells and carry biological molecules, which play important roles in cell-cell communication and regulation of various biological processes. Multiple studies have proposed that exosomal miRNAs present in the circulation are good biomarkers for non-invasive early detection of cancer. In this review, the potential use of exosomal miRNAs as early detection biomarkers for EOCs and their accuracy are discussed. We also review the differential expression of circulating exosomal miRNAs and cell-free miRNAs between different biofluid sources, i.e., plasma and serum, and touch on the issue of endogenous reference miRNA selection. Additionally, the current clinical trials using miRNAs for detecting EOCs are summarized. In conclusion, circulating exosomal miRNAs as the non-invasive biomarkers have a high potential for early detection of EOC and its subtypes, and are likely to be clinically important in the future.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Early Stage Breast Cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e13735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Leonard Medico ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Christine B. Ambrosone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

scholarly journals Impact of an Early Detection Program on Breast Cancer Services, Incidence, and Stage in Rural Rwanda

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 34s-34s ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia E. Pace ◽  
Nancy L. Keating ◽  
Jean-Marie Vianney Dusengimana ◽  
Vedaste Hategekimana ◽  
Vestine Rugema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Detection Program ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Early Detection Program

Purpose In low-income countries, most women with breast cancer present with advanced-stage disease. To facilitate earlier diagnoses of symptomatic disease, feasible and effective early detection strategies are needed. We assessed health care use and patient outcomes from a randomized pilot study of an early detection program in Burera, a rural Rwandan district, where the Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) is located. Methods The intervention included training for community health workers in breast health, training for health center (HC) nurses in the evaluation of breast concerns, and weekly breast clinics at HCs and BCCOE. Twelve of 18 eligible HCs were randomly assigned to receive the intervention—seven beginning in April and May 2015, and five in November and December 2015—and six served as controls for the entire study period. We abstracted HC and hospital records of patients seen between April 2015 and April 2017 and used generalized linear models to compare the incidence of biopsies, breast cancer diagnoses, and early-stage diagnoses in the geographic sectors served by intervention versus control HCs. Results Overall, 276,282 person-years were in intervention sectors and 302,856 in control sectors. Of patients, 1,500 patients sought care at intervention HCs for breast concerns versus 600 at control HCs. Three hundred eighteen patients that were referred from intervention HCs were evaluated at BCCOE compared with 62 from control HCs. The biopsy rate was 36.6 per 100,000 person-years from intervention sectors versus 8.9 per 100,000 from control sectors ( P < .001). Breast cancer was diagnosed in 19 of 101 patients from intervention HCs who underwent biopsy (18.8%) compared with 10 (37.0%) of 27 patients from control HCs. Breast cancer incidence was 6.9 per 100,000 in intervention sectors versus 3.3 per 100,000 in control sectors ( P = .35). Nine patients from intervention HCs had early-stage disease (47.4%) versus two from control HCs (20.0%). The incidence rate of early-stage breast cancer was 3.7 per 100,000 in intervention sectors versus 0.7 per 100,000 in control sectors ( P = .08). Conclusion Over 2 years, our early detection program was associated with more patients referred for hospital-level evaluation and requiring biopsies. Most patients referred by intervention HCs had benign conditions; however, there was a trend toward a higher incidence of early-stage breast cancer among patients from intervention regions. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Lydia E. Pace Stock or Other Ownership: Firefly Health

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