scholarly journals The Effect of Low-Doses of Caffeine and Taurine on Convulsive Seizure Parameters in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Jailani ◽  
Mohamed Mubarak ◽  
Mariam Sarkhouh ◽  
Ahmed Al Mahrezi ◽  
Habib Abdulnabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chronic Caffeine

Introduction: Caffeine, an adenosine-receptor blocker, is believed to have neuronal excitatory effects, while Taurine, a mammalian amino acid, was shown to have neuroinhibitory effects. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of low doses of Caffeine and Taurine on the seizure threshold in rats. Methods: Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 280) were divided randomly into five groups (control, acute caffeine intake, acute taurine intake, chronic caffeine intake and chronic taurine intake), with five subgroups per group according to five different doses of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injections. Each subgroup consisted of eight rats. Data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft EXCEL and AddinsoftTM XLSTAT (Version 2012.6.06; New York, NY, USA). p-value = 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: There was a significant decrease in the latency of PTZ-induced seizures with both acute (p-value < 0.05) and chronic (p-value < 0.01) Caffeine treatment groups. Chronic exposure to Caffeine exhibited an increase in the probability of seizures (p-value < 0.05). However, acute exposure to Caffeine did not show a significant impact on the probability of seizures. Neither acute nor chronic exposures to Taurine had an effect on the probability of seizures, nor on the latency of PTZ-induced seizures. Discussion: Our study found that acute as well as chronic exposure to low doses of Caffeine (50 and 80 mg/kg) reduces the threshold, and hence increases the likelihood for seizures since it favors a state of neuronal hyper excitability through blocking of all adenosine receptors. On the other hand, acute or chronic exposure to Taurine did not show a significant effect on the PTZ-induced seizures parameters.

Evaluating the Effects of Chronic Administration of Natural Honey on the Development of Dependence on Morphine in the Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Elham Fazli shojai ◽  
Moslem Najafi ◽  
Mohammad Charkhpour
Keyword(s):  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Morphine Dependence ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Natural Honey

Background: According to the previous studies, the exact mechanism of dependence on opioids and withdrawal syndrome has not been fully understood but one of the most important mechanisms is the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CNS. On the other way, previous studies showed that natural honey (NHO) has anti-inflammatory properties. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of natural honey on the development of morphine dependence in male rats. Methods: Honey was prepared from Tarom Oliya region in Zanjan province. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats weighing 225-275 g, randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8). The study groups included morphine group, the three doses of morphine plus honey group (at doses of 200,400 and 800 mg/kg, i.p.), the morphine plus vehicle group, and the saline group. The subcutaneous injections of additive doses of morphine were used for 9 days to create morphine dependency. On the 9th day, one hour after the morning dose of morphine, naloxone (4 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected, and symptoms of withdrawal syndrome were assessed for 60 minutes. Then, blood samples were taken to measure TNF-α. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to compare the results. P- Value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results of this study showed that intraperitoneal injection of honey at 3 doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg with p <0.001) could significantly decrease the total score of the symptoms compared to the morphine-vehicle control group. Natural honey (NHO) could significantly decrease TNF-α at dose of 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: The results indicated that chronic administration of NHO had beneficial effects in reducing symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome, and this effect is probably due to the anti-inflammatory effect caused by the polyphenolic compounds in honey.<br />

scholarly journals Integrated Effects of Leptin in the Forebrain and Hindbrain of Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 2663-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna N. Desai ◽  
Ruth B. S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation

Abstract Leptin receptors (ObRs) in the forebrain and hindbrain have been independently recognized as important mediators of leptin responses. It is unclear how leptin activity in these areas is integrated. We tested whether both forebrain and hindbrain ObRs have to be activated simultaneously to change energy balance and to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Previous studies used acute leptin injections in either the third ventricle (1–5 μg) or the fourth ventricle (3–10 μg); here we used 12-day infusions of low doses of leptin in one or both ventricles (0.1 μg/24 h in third, 0.6 μg/24 h in fourth). Male Sprague Dawley rats were fitted with third and fourth ventricle cannulas, and saline or leptin was infused from Alzet pumps for 6 or 12 days. Rats that received leptin into only the third or the fourth ventricle were not different from controls that received saline in both ventricles. By contrast, rats with low-dose leptin infusions into both the third and fourth ventricle showed a dramatic 60% reduction in food intake that was reversed on day 6, a 20% weight loss that stabilized on day 6, and a 50% decrease in body fat at day 12 despite the correction of food intake. They displayed normal activity and maintained energy expenditure despite weight loss, indicating inappropriately high thermogenesis that coincided with increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in the brainstem. Altogether, these findings show that with low doses of leptin, chronic activation of both hypothalamic and brainstem ObRs is required to reduce body fat.

scholarly journals Behavioural multigenerational effects induced by the administration of very low doses of zinc during pregnancy, lactation, and prepuberal period in the rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Silvia G. Ratti ◽  
Osvaldo J. Sacchi ◽  
Edgardo O. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Intergenerational Effect ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

In studies from this laboratory, the chronic administration of ZnTe during pregnancy, lactation, and prepuberal stages of litter (F1 generation) modified the behavioral patterns of motivated exploration, lateralized exploration, social activity, and survival responses of maturing rats. To determine whether these affected behaviors would extend to the next generation, F1 litter rats previously exposed to tellurium (Te) up to 30-day-old were left at rest with no further treatment up to 90-day-old. Then, F1 female rats were mated with normal untreated male rats, and in the next generation (F2), the litter rats at 30-day-old preserved the modified behaviors previously observed in their parents. The study revealed that Te effects were intergenerational. Here, considering that ZnTe was used in the previous study and that Zn ion has many physiological functions in the cell, experiments were conducted to elucidate if Zn would have an intergenerational effect similar to Te. Working with the same experimental setup as in the previous study but using ZnCl2 instead of ZnTe, results revealed that none of the behavioral responses studied were affected by the F1 generation. However, in the F2 generation, lateralized exploration and survival behavior were inhibited, suggesting that Zn also has an intergenerational effect.

Endocrine Effects of Chronic Administration of Psychoactive Drugs to Prepubertal Male Rats. II. LSD

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Collu ◽  
Jacques Letarte ◽  
Gilles Lebœuf ◽  
Jacques R. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
High Dosage Group ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Low Dosage

The endocrine effects of chronic D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) administration to prepubertal animals were studied by injecting intraperitoneally three times a week for a month either 100 μg or 500 μg of the psychoactive drug per kilogram or the vehicle to groups of Sprague–Dawley male rats starting at 21 days of age. Animals injected with either dosage of LSD had smaller body weights than controls and tail length was significantly reduced in the high dosage group, plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) were decreased in the high dosage group, and pituitary levels in the low dosage group. Plasma levels and pituitary concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were not significantly modified by the drug. The low dosage of LSD decreased the brain levels of noradrenaline and increased those of dopamine, while the high dosage decreased those of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data suggest that LSD, when administered chronically to developing animals, can inhibit body growth probably by altering the secretion of GH through modifications of its neuroendocrine control.

scholarly journals Red Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Petal Brew is Able to Reduce the Sprague Dawley MDA Rate in Rats Exposed to Waste Cooking Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Arya Ulilalbab ◽  
Eni Maskanah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Food and snacks sold are usually fried using oil that has been used for frying repeatedly. Oil that is repeatedly used for frying is often called waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil is a source of exogenous free radicals that can trigger oxidative stress. To prevent this, sufficient antioxidant intake is needed. One source of antioxidants is red rosella. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving red rosella petals on the conditions of oxidative stress in Sprague dawley rats exposed to waste cooking oil through MDA testing. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The sample consisted of 24 male rats which were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups: negative control (no treatment), positive control (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW), treatment 1 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petal brew dosed of 540 mg/kgBW, and treatment 2 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petals brew dosed of 810 mg/kgBW). The results of the one way ANOVA analysis (a=1%) and the Tukey HSD test showed the p value of MDA=0.00, indicating that all treatments had significant effect. In further tests, it was found that all treatments contained differences in MDA values. The best value in the treatment was by giving a dose of 810 mg/kgBW (serum MDA of 2.22 nmol/ml). It can be concluded that the administration of red rosella petal in doses of 540 mg/kgBW (EC50=407.52 ppm) and 810 mg/kgBW (EC50=247.82 ppm) can improve the oxidative stress of Sprague dawley rats.Food and snacks sold are usually fried using oil that has been used for frying repeatedly. Oil that is repeatedly used for frying is often called waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil is a source of exogenous free radicals that can trigger oxidative stress. To prevent this, sufficient antioxidant intake is needed. One source of antioxidants is red rosella. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving red rosella petals on the conditions of oxidative stress in Sprague dawley rats exposed to waste cooking oil through MDA testing. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The sample consisted of 24 male rats which were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups: negative control (no treatment), positive control (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW), treatment 1 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petal brew dosed of 540 mg/kgBW, and treatment 2 (administered with waste cooking oil of 8.92 meq/kg as much as 2 ml/kgBW and red rosella petals brew dosed of 810 mg/kgBW). The results of the one way ANOVA analysis (a=1%) and the Tukey HSD test showed the p value of MDA=0.00, indicating that all treatments had significant effect. In further tests, it was found that all treatments contained differences in MDA values. The best value in the treatment was by giving a dose of 810 mg/kgBW (serum MDA of 2.22 nmol/ml). It can be concluded that the administration of red rosella petal in doses of 540 mg/kgBW (EC50=407.52 ppm) and 810 mg/kgBW (EC50=247.82 ppm) can improve the oxidative stress of Sprague dawley rats.

Chronic administration of OB protein decreases food intake by selectively reducing meal size in male rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. R180-R185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kahler ◽  
Nori Geary ◽  
Lisa A. Eckel ◽  
L. Arthur Campfield ◽  
Françoise J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ob Protein

The potent hypophagic effect of OB protein (OB) is well established, but the mechanism of this effect is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of chronic administration of a novel modified recombinant human OB (Mod-OB) with a prolonged half-life (>48 h) on ad libitum food intake, spontaneous meal patterns, and body weight in 24 adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight at study onset: 292 g). Single daily subcutaneous injections of Mod-OB (4 mg/kg daily) for 8 consecutive days significantly reduced ad libitum food intake compared with vehicle injections from injection day 3through postinjection day 3. Mod-OB-injected rats ate between 4.5 and 7.1 g (or 13–20%) per day less than controls, with the reduction primarily occurring during the dark period. Body weight gain was significantly decreased in response to Mod-OB from injection day 8until postinjection day 4, with a maximum difference of 24 g on postinjection day 3. The reduction of food intake by Mod-OB was mainly due to a 21–34% decrease in nocturnal spontaneous meal size. There was no significant effect of Mod-OB on nocturnal meal frequency or duration. Mod-OB also did not reliably affect the size, duration, or frequency of diurnal meals. Mod-OB-injected rats displayed no compensatory hyperphagia after the injection period. These results indicate that chronically administered OB selectively affects the mechanisms controlling meal size in male rats.

Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity in male rats exposed to 10 ppm dietary chlordecone: Electron Microscopic and biochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
O. M. Faroon ◽  
R. W. Henry ◽  
M. G. Soni ◽  
H. M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Cellular Energy

Previous work has shown that mirex undergoes photolytic dechlorination to chlordecone (CD) (KeponeR) in the environment. Much work has shown that prior exposure to nontoxic levels of CD causes potentiation of hepatotoxicity and lethality of CCl4, BrCCl3 and other halomethane compounds. Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity has been associated with compounds that stimulate the activity of hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO). An increase in the metabolism of halomethane by the MFO to a free radical initiates peroxidative decomposition of membranal lipids ending in massive cellular injury. However, not all MFO inducers potentiate BrCCl3 hepatotoxicity. Potentiation by much larger doses of phenobarbital is minimal and th at by a more potent inducer of MFO, mirex, is negligible at low doses. We suggest that the CD and bromotrichloromethane interaction results in a depletion of cellular energy and thereby reducing the cellular ability to undergo mitosis.

The Protective Effect of Metformin against Oxandrolone-Induced Infertility in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulqader Fadhil Abed ◽  
Yazun Bashir Jarrar ◽  
Hamzeh J Al-Ameer ◽  
Wajdy Al-Awaida ◽  
Su-Jun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rt Pcr

Background: Oxandrolone is a synthetic testosterone analogue that is widely used among bodybuilders and athletes. However, oxandrolone causes male infertility. Recently, it was found that metformin reduces the risk of infertility associated with diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Methods: Rats continuously received one of four treatments (n=7) over 14 days: control DMSO administration, oxandrolone administration, metformin administration, or co-administration of oxandrolone and metformin. Doses were equivalent to those used for human treatment. Subsequently, testicular and blood samples were collected for morphological, biochemical, and histological examination. In addition, gene expression of the testosterone synthesizing enzyme CYP11A1 was analyzed in the testes using RT-PCR. Results: Oxandrolone administration induced male infertility by significantly reducing relative weights of testes by 48%, sperm count by 82%, and serum testosterone levels by 96% (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). In addition, histological examination determined that oxandrolone caused spermatogenic arrest which was associated with 2-fold downregulation of testicular CYP11A1 gene expression. However, co-administration of metformin with oxandrolone significantly ameliorated toxicological alterations induced by oxandrolone exposure (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Metformin administration protected against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the protective effect of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility among athletes.

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