Saudi Women and Vision 2030: Bridging the Gap?

(1) Background, Travel characteristics of Saudi women contrast significantly from those in the west. This is not only because they have different culture, attitudes and preferences but also until recently, Saudi women were not allowed to drive. In 2018, they were granted the right to drive. It has been anticipated that enabling women to drive will improve their mobility and employability. (2) Methods: This study presents a qualitative study into factors affecting Saudi women’s travel decisions “before” and “after” enabling women to drive in the Kingdom. Two six “before” and “after” focus groups have been carried out to investigate the decision-making process associated with Saudi women’s travel, available options of travel and perception of Saudi women towards private car driving. (3) Results: The results reveal that main travelling options for professional and high-income women is a private driver in the “before” scenario and a ride-share option with a family member. In the “after” scenario, high income professional women prefer “drive own car” option. Moreover, many of the participants indicated that it is likely that they might keep private drivers as well. (4) Conclusion. The results from this research indicate that there has been significant change in travel characteristics, attitudes and behaviour of Saudi women since they were granted the right to drive. This is likely to have significant implications for decision and policy makers. Further research into potential impacts of the current situation on car ownership and use, impacts on public transport system, environmental impacts and sustainability is needed.

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The role of Saudi women in economic and social development in light of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 : An analytical study: دور المرأة السعودية في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في ضوء رؤية المملكة 2030 دراسة تحليلية

Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences - مجلة العلوم الإنسانية و الإجتماعية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.a101019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amel ElMahi ElKhlifa Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Saudi Women ◽

Vision 2030 ◽

Development Plans ◽

The Right ◽

And Training

This study aims at highlighting the role of Saudi women in the development of their society, by achieving the objectives of economic and social development in line with their relative weight in society, and the rapid development in their expertise, scientific and practical capabilities in accordance with the vision of the Kingdom of 2030. An analytical method has been adopted to analyze the actuality of Saudi women number in 2017. The study found that Saudi women are continuously supported and empowered, increasing the rate of qualifying and training women, and integrating them into development plans as stated in the Kingdom's Vision 2030, the percentage of their employees in the private sector increased to 10% and the unemployment rate to be reduced from 12.3% to 9% in By 2020. Therefore, the study recommends more attention to Saudi women and give them the right of employment and work.

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Comparative Arterial Antithrombotic Activity of Clopidogrel and Acetyl Salicylic Acid in the Pig

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646307 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (05) ◽

pp. 500-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Ch M Samama ◽

Ph Bonnin ◽

M Bonneau ◽

G Pignaud ◽

E Mazoyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Flow Reduction ◽

Cyclic Flow ◽

Left Femoral Artery ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryWe investigated the comparative antithrombotic properties of clopidogrel, an analogue of ticlopidine, and aspirin, using the Folts' model on femoral arteries in 22 pigs. On each animal, clopidogrel or aspirin were used to treat the thrombotic process on the left femoral artery and to prevent this process on the right femoral artery. Sequentially: an injury and stenosis were carried out on the left femoral artery; the thrombotic process was monitored with a Doppler during a 30-min observation period for cyclic flow reductions or permanent cessation of flow; after the first cyclic flow reduction occurred, clopidogrel (5 mg kg-1) or aspirin (2.5, 5, 100 mg kg-1) were injected intravenously; if cyclic flow reductions were abolished, epinephrine (0.4 µg kg-1 min-1) was injected to try to restore cyclic flow reductions and/or permanent cessation of flow; then injury and stenosis were applied on the right femoral artery. Before and after injection of clopidogrel or aspirin, ear immersion bleeding times and ex-vivo platelet aggregation were performed. Clopidogrel (n = 7) abolished cyclic flow reductions in all animals and epinephrine did not restore any cyclic flow reduction. On the right femoral artery, cyclic flow reductions were efficiently prevented, even for two injuries. Basal bleeding time (5 min 28) was lengthened (>15 min, 30 min after clopidogrel and remained prolonged even after 24 h). ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited (more than 78%). Comparatively, aspirin had a moderate and no dose-dependent effect. Aspirin 2.5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in 2 animals, CFR reoccurred spontaneously in one animal and epinephrine restored it in a second animal. Aspirin 5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in only 3 animals and epinephrine always restored it. Aspirin 100 mg kg-1 (n = 3) was unable to abolish cyclic flow reductions. On the right femoral artery, aspirin did not significantly prevent cyclic flow reductions which occurred in all animals after one (n = 14) or two injuries (n = 1), except for one animal. Basal bleeding time was lengthened but it shortened rapidly, reaching its basal value after 24 h. ADP-induced aggregation was not significantly inhibited, whereas arachidonic acid induced aggregation was always inhibited. Clopidogrel appears as a more potent antithrombotic drug than aspirin in this model, in treating and preventing spontaneous or epinephrine-induced cyclic flow reductions and lengthening bleeding time.

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An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Stock Prices in Vietnam

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/2014.16.01.05 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 74-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vinh Vo Xuan

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rates ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Foreign Exchange ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Oil Prices ◽

Foreign Exchange Rates ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Crude Oil Prices ◽

Before And After

This paper investigates factors affecting Vietnam’s stock prices including US stock prices, foreign exchange rates, gold prices and crude oil prices. Using the daily data from 2005 to 2012, the results indicate that Vietnam’s stock prices are influenced by crude oil prices. In addition, Vietnam’s stock prices are also affected significantly by US stock prices, and foreign exchange rates over the period before the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. There is evidence that Vietnam’s stock prices are highly correlated with US stock prices, foreign exchange rates and gold prices for the same period. Furthermore, Vietnam’s stock prices were cointegrated with US stock prices both before and after the crisis, and with foreign exchange rates, gold prices and crude oil prices only during and after the crisis.

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EFEKTIVITAS METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PADA PENGAJARAN SISTEM KOLOID

JURNAL PENELITIAN BIDANG PENDIDIKAN ◽

10.24114/jpp.v19i1.3044 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Hamda Situmorang ◽

Manihar Situmorang

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Abstract Concept ◽

Vocational High School ◽

School Students ◽

Lecture Method ◽

Colloid System ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right ◽

And Control

Abstract Implementation of demonstration method in the teaching of chemistry is assigned as the right strategy to improve students’ achievement as it is proved that the method can bring an abstract concept to reality in the class. The study is conducted to vocational high school students in SMKN1 Pargetteng getteng Sengkut Pakfak Barat at accademic year 2013. The teaching has been carried out three cycles on the teaching of chemistry topic of colloid system. In the study, the class is divided into two class, experiment class and control class. The demontration method is used to teach students in experimental class while the teaching in control class is conducted with lecture method. Both are evaluated by using multiple choise tests before and after the teaching procedures, and the ability of students to answer the problems are assigned as students’ achievements. The results showed that demonstration method improved students’ achievement in chemistry. The students in experimental class who are taughed with demonstration method (M=19.08±0.74) have higher achievements compare with control class (M=12.91±2.52), and both are significantly different (tcalculation 22.85 > ttable 1.66). The effectivity of demostration method in experimental class (97%) is found higer compare to conventional method in control class (91%).

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Role of Recruitment and Qualification Centers in Achieving Vocational Qualification of Saudi Woman in the Light of Saudi Vision 2030

Journal of Educational and Social Research ◽

10.2478/jesr-2019-0060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 104-118

Author(s):

Fatma Abdelrazek Mohamed Mohamed ◽

Nawal Abdulaziz Mohamed Al Rubaie

Keyword(s):

Vocational Qualification ◽

Saudi Women ◽

Item Questionnaire ◽

Vision 2030 ◽

Descriptive Approach

Abstract This study aims to investigate the role of recruitment and qualification centers in achieving vocational qualification for Saudi women in the light of Saudi Vision 2030 and to identify the obstacles that limit the work of recruitment and qualification centers and suggested solutions are made for the development of these centers. Survey descriptive approach was utilized through designing 58-item questionnaire divided into five domains. The sample comprised (87) of the employees of recruitment and qualification centers in Riyadh. The results indicated that the most important roles of recruitment and qualification centers are the establishment of exhibitions that offer craft products prepared by Saudi women, investigating the vocational abilities and tendencies of Saudi women, and the sensitization of Saudi women to the job ethics and the importance of commitment to these ethics. The most important obstacles that limit the development of these centers are the low capacity for all applicants, the low spread of recruitment and qualification centers across the Kingdom. The study recommended the need to employ specialized cadres to increase the efficiency of recruitment and qualification centers, increasing the support for recruitment and qualification centers for Saudi women, and briefing Saudi women to the services provided by these centers.

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Bantuan Hukum Cuma-Cuma Bagi Tersangka yang Tidak Mampu Pada Tingkat Penyidikan

Pena Justisia Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum ◽

10.31941/pj.v19i2.1119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rio Saputra ◽

Mokhammad Najih

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Legal Aid ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

Legal Research ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Legal Structure ◽

Procedure Code ◽

Study Techniques ◽

The Right

Suspects have the right to obtain legal assistance, especially for suspects who are classified as economically disadvantaged in accordance with Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The facts show that there are many irregularities in the implementation of legal aid, therefore it is necessary to know about the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are incapacitated at the level of investigation and the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of legal aid. This legal research is an empirical legal research and this research is descriptive in nature. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The techniques used to collect data were document study techniques and interview techniques. Inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are unable at the level of investigation can be classified and differentiated into 3 factors, namely, legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture).Keywords: Legal Aid, Criminal Cases

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Measurement of Vulnerability of Financial Portfolio of Sharia Commercial Banks by Cardona Method

Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen & Ekonomika ◽

10.35384/jime.v9i2.44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Paulina Harun ◽

Atman Poerwokoesoemo

Keyword(s):

Commercial Banks ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Banking Industry ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Section Data ◽

Initial Stage ◽

The Face ◽

Asset Portfolio

his study aims to: (1) to know and analyze the extent of volatility (vulnerability) of sharia banking industry in Indonesia in the face of competition (2) to know and analyze factors affecting vulnerability of sharia commercial banks; (3) to know and analyze the extent of sustainable development of sharia banking industry to Indonesia's economic development.The research conducted to measure the vulnerability (volatility) of proto folio of syariah bank using observation period 2015, and the data used is cross section data. The research design used in this research is quantitative research, using asset dimension (asset portfolio, liability portfolio, equity portfolio) and stressor (pressure, including: credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk).The activity plan of this research is: in the initial stage of conducting theoretical study related to the vulnerability related to banking especially BUS; The next step is to determine the asset and stressor dimensions associated with the BUS; Further determine the indicators related to assets and stressors; The next step performs calculations to determine the index of each BUS as well as the dimensions that affect the vulnerabilities faced by each BUS.Target expected outcomes can be generated from this research is: for the object of research (BUS) provide a solution for BUS to deal with and overcome the vulnerabilities encountered and policies that must be done. For policy makers, the results of this study are expected to provide input in decision-making and other policies.Measurement of vulnerability to be performed related to banking operations in the face of competition and the continuity of BUS in Indonesia. The outcomes of this study are expected to be included in Bank Indonesia journals, the selection of this journal is based on studies conducted in the banking sector, especially BUS in Indonesia.

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EDUKASI TERHADAP REMAJA DALAM PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN GAME DENGAN BIJAK

Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia ◽

10.36722/jpm.v2i1.361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Ikhsan Fuady ◽

Rangga Saptya MP

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Before And After ◽

Improper Use ◽

Effective Role ◽

Education And Outreach ◽

The Right ◽

Dedicated Team ◽

User Ratings

AbstrakPemanfaatan game dikalangan remaja memiliki peran yang efektif sebagai wadah untuk hiburan. Tetapi pemanfaatan game tidak tepat memiliki efek samping game terhadap kehidupan sehari hari remaja, mulai dari kurang bersosialIsasi hingga perilaku kekerasan dikalangan remaja. Penyuluhan terhadap remaja bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada remaja tentang variasi game berdasarkan rating pengguna, maupun cerdas dalam manajemen penggunaan game dalam kehidupan remaja sehari hari. Pengetahuan remaja tentang varian/ragam game berdasarkan rating relatif rendah sebagaian besar pemengetahuannya tersebar pada kategori sangat rendah dan rendah yaitu sebesar 65 persen. Metode edukasi dan sosialisasi ini adalah dengan beberapa tahapan. Tahap pertaman tim pengabdian memberikan edukasi dan diskusi tentang beragam bentuk game, karakteristik, serta karakteristik pengguna game yang tepat. Selanjutnya beberapa permainan dan kuis untuk meingkatkan literasi remaja tentang pemanfaatan game secara bijak. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini mampu meningkatkan pemahaman para remaja dalam mengenali game yang baik digunakan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan pengetahuan remaja relatif signifikan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan.Kata kunci: Edukasi, Game, Penyuluhan Abstract The use of games among teenagers has an effective role as a forum for entertainment. But the improper use of games has the side effects of games on the daily lives of adolescents, ranging from lack of socialization to violent behavior in adolescents. Counseling against adolescents aims to provide understanding to adolescents about the variety/variance of games based on user ratings, as well as being smart in managing game use in daily teenage life. Teenagers' knowledge about game variants/based on the rating is relatively low, most of the knowledge is spread in the very low and low categories, which is 65 percent. The method of education and outreach is by several stages. The first stage of the dedicated team provided education and discussion about various forms of games, characteristics, and characteristics of the right game user. Furthermore, some games and quizzes to improve teen literacy about game use wisely. This counseling activity can increase the understanding of teenagers in recognizing games that are well used, this can be seen from the relatively significant increase in adolescent knowledge before and after counseling.Keywords: Education, Games, Counseling

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Understanding Urban Commercial Vehicle Driver Behaviors and Decision Making

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211003575 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110035

Author(s):

Giacomo Dalla Chiara ◽

Klaas Fiete Krutein ◽

Andisheh Ranjbari ◽

Anne Goodchild

Keyword(s):

Commercial Vehicle ◽

Operating Time ◽

Common Belief ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Urban Freight ◽

The Road ◽

Commercial Drivers ◽

The Common ◽

Printed Materials

As e-commerce and urban deliveries spike, cities grapple with managing urban freight more actively. To manage urban deliveries effectively, city planners and policy makers need to better understand driver behaviors and the challenges they experience in making deliveries. In this study, we collected data on commercial vehicle (CV) driver behaviors by performing ridealongs with various logistics carriers. Ridealongs were performed in Seattle, Washington, covering a range of vehicles (cars, vans, and trucks), goods (parcels, mail, beverages, and printed materials), and customer types (residential, office, large and small retail). Observers collected qualitative observations and quantitative data on trip and dwell times, while also tracking vehicles with global positioning system devices. The results showed that, on average, urban CVs spent 80% of their daily operating time parked. The study also found that, unlike the common belief, drivers (especially those operating heavier vehicles) parked in authorized parking locations, with only less than 5% of stops occurring in the travel lane. Dwell times associated with authorized parking locations were significantly longer than those of other parking locations, and mail and heavy goods deliveries generally had longer dwell times. We also identified three main criteria CV drivers used for choosing a parking location: avoiding unsafe maneuvers, minimizing conflicts with other users of the road, and competition with other commercial drivers. The results provide estimates for trip times, dwell times, and parking choice types, as well as insights into why those decisions are made and the factors affecting driver choices.

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Smartphone addiction and the relationship with head and neck pain and electromiographic activity of masticatory muscles

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-203398 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Fabiana Foltran Mescollotto ◽

Érica Brito Gonçalves ◽

Ester Moreira de Castro Carletti ◽

Ana Beatriz Oliveira ◽

Elisa Bizetti Pelai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Neck Pain ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Neck Region ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Before And After ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

The Right

Background: Excessive use of smartphones may be associated with behavioral and physical health changes and might cause musculoskeletal alterations in the head and neck region. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of smartphone addiction in college students and its correlation with symptoms of head and neck pain and masticatory and trapezius muscle activity while resting, before and after smartphone use. Methods: Twenty university students participated in the study. They answered the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Next, the participants were seated and prepared for electromyography through the placement of surface electrodes on the masseter, temporal, and trapezius muscles. Rest condition data were collected for 10 seconds before and after 30 minutes of smartphone use. Results: The results showed that 35% of the evaluated individuals were classified as smartphone addicted and 35% reported no head or neck pain in the previous 30 days. There was no association between smartphone use and head and neck pain. In the electromyography, there was an increase in RMS values after smartphone use in the right and left masseter muscles and the left trapezius. Conclusion: College students presented a high prevalence of smartphone addiction and head and neck pain, but these were not statistically associated. There was a change in muscle activity only in the right trapezius muscles before and after 30 minutes of smartphone use. These findings are contrary to the current belief that the use of smartphones correlates with pain in the neck region and changes in the electrical muscle activity, leading to fatigue in the cervical muscles.

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