scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Foam from Polymerization of Furfuryl Alcohol Activated by Zinc and Copper Chlorides

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta M. Cepollaro ◽  
Domenico Caputo ◽  
Stefano Cimino ◽  
Nicola Gargiulo ◽  
Luciana Lisi
Keyword(s):  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Polymerization of furfuryl alcohol carried out using ZnCl2 or CuCl2 as Lewis acid activators was investigated by exploring various synthesis parameters in order to produce activated carbons with different porosity and metal load. The temperature of polymerization was changed according to Lewis acidity strength of the two metal chlorides: 0 °C for CuCl2 and 80 °C for ZnCl2. The polymer obtained was pyrolyzed under pure He flow or under 1000 ppm O2/He flow at 600 or 850 °C in order to produce activated carbons with specific textural features. The load and nature of the residual metal after pyrolysis were determined by ICP and XRD analyses, respectively. Copper was mostly preserved even at high pyrolysis temperature in contrast to zinc, which was almost totally lost at 850 °C. A foamy structure was detected by SEM analysis for all samples. Textural properties were determined by both N2 and CO2 physisorption; surface areas and pore size distributions were evaluated according to BET, DFT and DR models. The polymerization activated by ZnCl2 produced carbons with larger surface areas were also related to the presence of some mesopores, whereas CuCl2 promoted the prevailing formation of narrow micropores, making these materials particularly suited to H2 storage applications.

scholarly journals Effects of Gasifying Agents on the Characterization of Nut Shell-derived Activated Carbon

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nguyen ◽  
A. Ahmadpour ◽  
D.D. Do
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Benzene Adsorption ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Micropore Size ◽  
Adsorptive Properties ◽  
Insight Into

Activated carbon was prepared from nut shells using a conventional two-stage method: carbonization followed by activation. Activation with steam or carbon dioxide as activating agent produced a range of chars of different burn-off. These were characterized for their total and micropore surface areas, and benzene adsorption capacity. Benzene adsorption measurement provided an insight into the effect of porosity development on the adsorptive properties of the adsorbent. It was found that activated carbon products from nut shells were comparable, in terms of adsorption characteristics, with activated carbons from other lignocellulosic precursors. The evolution of porosity of the resulting carbons shows that carbon dioxide is the preferable agent for the production of activated carbon with a narrow micropore size distribution.

scholarly journals Utilization of spent dregs for the production of activated carbon for CO2 adsorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Density Functional Theory Method ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract The objective of this work was preparation of activated carbon from spent dregs for carbon dioxide adsorption. A saturated solution of KOH was used as an activating agent. Samples were carbonized in the furnace at the temperature of 550°C. Textural properties of activated carbons were obtained based on the adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen at −196°C and carbon dioxide at 0°C. The specific surface areas of activated carbons were calculated by the Brunauer – Emmett – Teller equation. The volumes of micropores were obtained by density functional theory method. The highest CO2 adsorption was 9.54 mmol/cm3 at 0°C – and 8.50 mmol/cm3 at 25°C.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Paracetamol and Acetylsalicylic Acid onto Commercial Activated Carbons

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Beninati ◽  
Domenica Semeraro ◽  
Marina Mastragostino
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Molecular Sizes

The adsorption of paracetamol (PAR) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) onto high-surface-area, commercial activated carbons was investigated at 26°C via adsorption isotherms at different pH values, including pH 1.5 to simulate conditions existing in the stomach. A wide-ranging characterization of the carbons, including analysis of their morphology and surface chemistry, was undertaken, with the actual surface areas of the carbons available for PAR and ASA adsorption being estimated by taking the molecular sizes of the drugs into account. This provided an understanding of the differences in the drug adsorption behaviour of the carbons.

scholarly journals Removal of dissolved organic nitrogen amino acid from aqueous solutions using activated carbon based on date pits

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1173
Author(s):  
Badreddine Belhamdi ◽  
Zoulikha Merzougui ◽  
Hamza Laksaci ◽  
Chemseddine Belabed ◽  
Salim Boudiaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Chlorinated Drinking Water ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Date Pits ◽  
By Products

Abstract Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water are receiving increasing attention due to their elevated toxicities. An effective strategy to control N-DBP formation is to reduce their nitrogenous precursors (amino acids) before disinfection. This work was undertaken to study free amino acid l-tyrosine adsorption onto two activated carbons synthesized from date pits. The amino acid is plentiful in low-molecular weight algal organic matter, which helps the formation of nitrogenous and carbonaceous disinfection by-products during water treatment. The equilibrium adsorption of l-tyrosine was studied on well-characterized activated carbons prepared by KOH (ACK) and ZnCl2 (ACZ) activation, possessing textural properties evaluated by SEM analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and FT-IR spectroscopy. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the activated carbons’ adsorption capacities. The effect of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, solution pH, and temperature were studied. The Langmuir model gave the best fit for the experimental data of l-tyrosine with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 178.57 and 102.04 mg·g−1 on ACK and ACZ, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were also estimated for the adsorption study. The adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic, and involved physisorption.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Baobab Fruit Shells by Chemical Activation Using ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
R Nedjai ◽  
N A Kabbashi ◽  
M Z Alam ◽  
M F R Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Abstract Chemical agents have a good influence on the formation of activated carbons, surface characteristic, and its adsorption properties. In this study, the effect of activating agents (ZnCl2, KOH, and H3PO4) on baobab fruit shell (BFS) were evaluated. The characteristics of the baobab fruit shell based activated carbon (BF-ACs) were evaluated through the yield and iodine number. BF-ACs were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen (N2) adsorption. SEM analysis illustrates those porous structures formed on the surface of BF-ACs were with different sizes. The XRD analysis show that the main structures of BF-ACs are amorphous. FT-IR data demonstrates the presence of different surface groups on the produced BF-ACs. Among activating agent, the KOH was observed to the most appropriate for the production of activated carbon with a large surface area (1029.44 m2/g) from baobab fruit shell.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chemically Activated Carbons Prepared from Miscanthus and Switchgrass Biomass

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Doczekalska ◽  
Monika Bartkowiak ◽  
Bogusława Waliszewska ◽  
Grażyna Orszulak ◽  
Joanna Cerazy-Waliszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Surface Oxygen Groups ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Oxygen Groups ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Chemical Groups

Lignocellulosic biomass, including that of energy crops, can be an alternative source to produce activated carbons (ACs). Miscanthus and switchgrass straw were used to produce ACs in a two-step process. Crushed plant material was carbonized at 600 °C and then obtained carbon was activated using NaOH or KOH at 750 °C. The content of surface oxygen groups was determined using Boehm’s method. The porosity of ACs was assayed using the nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique, while their thermal resistance using the thermogravimetric method. The ACs derived from miscanthus and switchgrass were characterized by surfaces rich in chemical groups and a highly developed porous structure. The highest specific surface areas, over 1600 m2/g, were obtained after carbon treatment with NaOH. High values of iodine number, 1200–1240 mg/g, indicate an extensive system of micropores and their good adsorption properties. The type of activator affected the contents of oxygen functional groups and some porosity parameters as well as thermal stability ranges of the ACs. Among obtained carbons, the highest quality was found for these derived from M. sacchariflorus followed by switchgrass, after activation with NaOH. Hence, while these crop species are not as effective biomass sources as other energy grasses, they can become valuable feedstocks for ACs.

scholarly journals Novel Correlations between Spectroscopic and Morphological Properties of Activated Carbons from Waste Coffee Grounds

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Egle Rosson ◽  
Paolo Sgarbossa ◽  
Mirto Mozzon ◽  
Federico Venturino ◽  
Sara Bogialli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Massive quantities of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are generated by users around the world. Different processes have been proposed for SCG valorization, including pyrolytic processes to achieve carbonaceous materials. Here, we report the preparation of activated carbons through pyrolytic processes carried out under different experimental conditions and in the presence of various porosity activators. Textural and chemical characterization of the obtained carbons have been achieved through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), ESEM, 13C solid state NMR, XPS, XRD, thermogravimetric and spectroscopic determinations. The aim of the paper is to relate these data to the preparation method, evaluating the correlation between the spectroscopic data and the physical and textural properties, also in comparison with the corresponding data obtained for three commercial activated carbons used in industrial adsorption processes. Some correlations have been observed between the Raman and XPS data.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Decolourizing Power of Activated Carbons Prepared from Pistacia Shells

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Hourieh ◽  
M.N. Alaya ◽  
A.M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pore Widening

A series of activated carbons ‘Z’ was prepared from Aleppo Pistacia Vera shells using different percentages of zinc chloride at 873 K in the absence of air. Another series ‘ZN’ was prepared using the same conditions as for the ‘Z’ series but employing a nitrogen atmosphere to effect carbonization. The textural properties of the two series of samples were determined from the adsorption of carbon dioxide and methylene blue at 298 K. Activated carbons with a high adsorptive capacity for methylene blue were obtained. Activation with zinc chloride proceeded with increasing microporosity via the creation of new micropores. At high percentages of zinc chloride, slight partial pore widening may take place. Carbon dioxide was accessible to the entire pore system and was therefore suitable as a probe for the investigation of the textural properties of the activated carbons studied. A fraction of the porosity was inaccessible to methylene blue molecules and consequently lower surface areas were calculated from the adsorption of this dye molecule.

Characterization of the pore structure of nanoporous activated carbons produced from wood waste

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Dobele ◽  
Darya Vervikishko ◽  
Aleksandrs Volperts ◽  
Nikolay Bogdanovich ◽  
Evgeny Shkolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Specific Surface Areas ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon Materials

Abstract Highly developed nanoporous carbon materials have been prepared by a two-stage thermocatalytic process. In the first step, alder (Alnus rhombifolia) and birchwood (Betula pendula) were carbonized with and without a dehydration catalyst (H3PO4); in the second step, the material was activated by means of NaOH. The dependence of the porous structure of activated carbons from process parameters was characterized by the novel limited evaporation technique. Specific surface areas, pore volumes, and radii were calculated according to the Derjaguin-Broekhoff-de Boer theory. The tests of activated carbons as electrodes in supercapacitors demonstrated their high potential for this application.

scholarly journals Influence of Molybdenum Content and MoOxy-Species on the Textural and Structural ZrO2Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Hernández Zapién ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández Enríquez ◽  
Ricardo García Alamilla ◽  
Guillermo Sandoval Robles ◽  
Ulises Páramo García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Molybdenum Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Synthesized Materials

The present work proposes to study the incorporation of molybdenum into the zirconium oxide precursor (Zr(OH)4), in order to analyze its possible repercussions on the textural and structural zirconia properties (ZrO2). For this, the Zr(OH)4was synthesized by the sol-gel method and modified with 5, 10, and 15 wt% of molybdenum into the stabilized oxide. The synthesized materials were dried at 120°C for 24 h and then were calcined at 600°C for 3 h. The characterization of the solids was carried out by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal analyses results showed that the change from the amorphous to the crystalline phase of ZrO2is shifted to higher temperatures due to the presence of molybdenum content. Tetragonal phase was identified for all synthesized materials, showing a decrease in crystallinity as a function of the metal content. The textural properties were improved due to the incorporation of molybdenum into the ZrO2structure, developing specific surface areas which are above up to four times the area of pure ZrO2. The synthesized materials presented spherical morphology with particle sizes less than 1 µm, with a change of this morphology for high metal contents (15 wt%) being observed.

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