scholarly journals Revisiting Mitochondria Scored Cancer Progression and Metastasis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Rohit Gundamaraju ◽  
Wenying Lu ◽  
Rishya Manikam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Cancer Stemness ◽  
The Warburg Effect

The Warburg effect has immensely succored the study of cancer biology, especially in highlighting the role of mitochondria in cancer stemness and their benefaction to the malignancy of oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells. Mitochondrial genetics have represented a focal point in cancer therapeutics due to the involvement of mitochondria in programmed cell death. The mitochondrion has been well established as a switch in cell death decisions. The mitochondrion’s instrumental role in central bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, and translational regulation has earned it its fame in metastatic dissemination in cancer cells. Here, we revisit and review mechanisms through which mitochondria influence oncogenesis and metastasis by underscoring the oncogenic mitochondrion that is capable of transferring malignant capacities to recipient cells.

Role of Organ Specific Cancer Stem Cells in Organ Specific Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Fatima Ali ◽  
Nadia Wajid
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Organ Specific

Since the cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in 1997 by Bonnet and Dick, more than 100,000 papers have been published on the CSC. Huge research on cancer stem cells helped the scientists to rethink about the cancer therapeutics as classic way of chemotherapy is ineffective because chemotherapy failed to kill these cells, the only reason of cancer relapse. The cancer theory of stem cells is one of the most trending theory in stem cells and cancer biology focusing on the understanding of biology of cancer cells for an enhanced and improved therapeutic approaches should be applied to cure the cancer. This mini-review is a short overview on the role of organ specific cancer stem cells in the organ specific cancer progression.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Potential Role of Glutathione in Multiple Forms of Cell Death in Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Lv ◽  
Chenxiao Zhen ◽  
Junyu Liu ◽  
Pengfei Yang ◽  
Lijiang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Glutathione Synthesis ◽  
Glutathione Homeostasis

Glutathione is the principal intracellular antioxidant buffer against oxidative stress and mainly exists in the forms of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The processes of glutathione synthesis, transport, utilization, and metabolism are tightly controlled to maintain intracellular glutathione homeostasis and redox balance. As for cancer cells, they exhibit a greater ROS level than normal cells in order to meet the enhanced metabolism and vicious proliferation; meanwhile, they also have to develop an increased antioxidant defense system to cope with the higher oxidant state. Growing numbers of studies have implicated that altering the glutathione antioxidant system is associated with multiple forms of programmed cell death in cancer cells. In this review, we firstly focus on glutathione homeostasis from the perspectives of glutathione synthesis, distribution, transportation, and metabolism. Then, we discuss the function of glutathione in the antioxidant process. Afterwards, we also summarize the recent advance in the understanding of the mechanism by which glutathione plays a key role in multiple forms of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy. Finally, we highlight the glutathione-targeting therapeutic approaches toward cancers. A comprehensive review on the glutathione homeostasis and the role of glutathione depletion in programmed cell death provide insight into the redox-based research concerning cancer therapeutics.

scholarly journals The Role of Exosomes in Stemness and Neurodegenerative Diseases—Chemoresistant-Cancer Therapeutics and Phytochemicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6818
Author(s):  
Narasimha M. Beeraka ◽  
Shalini H. Doreswamy ◽  
Surya P. Sadhu ◽  
Asha Srinivasan ◽  
Rajeswara Rao Pragada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms

Exosomes exhibit a wide range of biological properties and functions in the living organisms. They are nanometric vehicles and used for delivering drugs, as they are biocompatible and minimally immunogenic. Exosomal secretions derived from cancer cells contribute to metastasis, immortality, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, stemness and chemo/radio-resistance. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, astrocytes, macrophages, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are involved in the cancer progression and stemness as they induce chemotherapeutic drug resistance in several cancer cells. This review covered the recent research advances in understanding the role of exosomes in cancer progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance by illustrating the modulatory effects of exosomal cargo (ex. miRNA, lncRNAs, etc.) on cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and cancer stem cell growth and development. Recent reports have implicated exosomes even in the treatment of several cancers. For instance, exosomes-loaded with novel anti-cancer drugs such as phytochemicals, tumor-targeting proteins, anticancer peptides, nucleic acids are known to interfere with drug resistance pathways in several cancer cell lines. In addition, this review depicted the need to develop exosome-based novel diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of cancers and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in stroke and oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also discussed in this article.

Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction during Sorafenib-induced cell death in liver cancer cells. Role of oxidative and nitrogen reactive species

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda ◽  
M. Ángeles Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Elena Navarro-Villarán ◽  
Paloma Gallego ◽  
Pavla Staňková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Liver Cancer Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Reactive Species

scholarly journals A Dual Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cancer Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Kai Chiang ◽  
Shuen-Ei Chen ◽  
Ling-Chu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cellular Iron

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is known to metabolize heme into biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron, and it has been suggested to demonstrate cytoprotective effects against various stress-related conditions. HO-1 is commonly regarded as a survival molecule, exerting an important role in cancer progression and its inhibition is considered beneficial in a number of cancers. However, increasing studies have shown a dark side of HO-1, in which HO-1 acts as a critical mediator in ferroptosis induction and plays a causative factor for the progression of several diseases. Ferroptosis is a newly identified iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death. The critical role of HO-1 in heme metabolism makes it an important candidate to mediate protective or detrimental effects via ferroptosis induction. This review summarizes the current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of HO-1 in ferroptosis. The amount of cellular iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the determinative momentum for the role of HO-1, in which excessive cellular iron and ROS tend to enforce HO-1 from a protective role to a perpetrator. Despite the dark side that is related to cell death, there is a prospective application of HO-1 to mediate ferroptosis for cancer therapy as a chemotherapeutic strategy against tumors.

scholarly journals The Role of Cellular Prion Protein in Cancer Biology: A Potential Therapeutic Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manqiu Ding ◽  
Yongqiang Chen ◽  
Yue Lang ◽  
Li Cui
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cellular Prion Protein ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target

Prion protein has two isoforms including cellular prion protein (PrPC) and scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). PrPSc is the pathological aggregated form of prion protein and it plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. PrPC is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that can attach to a membrane. Its expression begins at embryogenesis and reaches the highest level in adulthood. PrPC is expressed in the neurons of the nervous system as well as other peripheral organs. Studies in recent years have disclosed the involvement of PrPC in various aspects of cancer biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the roles of PrPC in proliferation, cell survival, invasion/metastasis, and stem cells of cancer cells, as well as its role as a potential therapeutic target.

scholarly journals How cancer cells remodel lipid metabolism: strategies targeting transcription factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-Won Jeong ◽  
Seulbee Lee ◽  
Yang-Sook Chun
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Potential Strategy

AbstractReprogramming of lipid metabolism has received increasing recognition as a hallmark of cancer cells because lipid dysregulation and the alteration of related enzyme profiles are closely correlated with oncogenic signals and malignant phenotypes, such as metastasis and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we describe recent findings that support the importance of lipids, as well as the transcription factors involved in cancer lipid metabolism. With recent advances in transcription factor analysis, including computer-modeling techniques, transcription factors are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Considering the limited number and the crucial role of transcription factors associated with lipid rewiring in cancers, transcription factor targeting is a promising potential strategy for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Ferroptosis-mediated Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment Implicated in Cancer Progression and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yini Liu ◽  
Chunyan Duan ◽  
Rongyang Dai ◽  
Yi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death and usually driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has arisen to play a significant role in cancer biology. Distinct from other types of cell death in morphology, genetics, and biochemistry, ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and lethal reactive oxygen species controlled by integrated oxidant and antioxidant systems. Increasing evidence indicates that a variety of biological processes, including amino acid, iron, lactate, and lipid metabolism, as well as glutathione, phospholipids, NADPH, and coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis, are closely related to ferroptosis sensitivity. Abnormal ferroptotic response may modulate cancer progression by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is widely associated with tumor occurrence because it is the carrier of tumor cells, which interacts with surrounding cells through the circulatory and the lymphatic system, thus influencing the development and progression of cancer. Furthermore, the metabolism processes play roles in maintaining the homeostasis and evolution of the TME. Here, this review focuses on the ferroptosis-mediated crosstalk in the TME, as well as discussing the novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

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