Integrated Utilization of Dairy Whey in Probiotic β-Galactosidase Production and Enzymatic Synthesis of Galacto-Oligosaccharides

This work established an integrated utilization of dairy whey in β-galactosidase production from Lactobacillus bulgaricus and prebiotics synthesis by the probiotic enzyme. A cost-effective whey-based medium was newly developed for culturing Lactobacillus bulgaricus to produce β-galactosidase. The medium was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) involving a series of statistical designs, such as the Plackett–Burman design, steepest ascent experiment, and central composite design. Under the optimized medium, the β-galactosidase activity of L. bulgaricus reached 2034 U/L, which was twice that produced from the traditional MRS medium. The cells of L. bulgaricus harvested from the whey-based medium were subsequently treated with lysozyme. The resulting crude enzyme was used as an efficient catalyst, which catalyzed the synthesis of the prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in a high yield of 44.7% by using whey (200 g/L) as the substrate. The sugar mixture was further purified by activated charcoal adsorption, thereby yielding a high-purity level of 77.6% GOS.

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Medium Optimization for Spore Production of a Straw-Cellulose Degrading Actinomyces Strain under Solid-State Fermentation Using Response Surface Method

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12218893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 8893

Author(s):

Huanran Liu ◽

Dan Zhang ◽

Xia Zhang ◽

Chuanzhi Zhou ◽

Pei Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Spore Production ◽

Steepest Ascent ◽

Medium Components ◽

Burman Design ◽

Plackett Burman Design ◽

Central Composite

The strains capable of degrading cellulose have attracted much interest because of their applications in straw resource utilization in solid-state fermentation (SSF). However, achieving high spore production in SSF is rarely reported. The production of spores from Streptomyces griseorubens JSD-1 was investigated in shaker-flask cultivation in this study. The optimal carbon, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sources were sucrose, yeast extract and urea, respectively. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was adopted to determine the key medium components, and the concentration levels of three components (urea, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O) were optimized with the steepest ascent path and central composite design (CCD), achieving 1.72 × 109 CFU/g of spore production. Under the optimal conditions (urea 2.718% w/v, NaCl 0.0697% w/v, MgSO4·7H2O 0.06956% w/v), the practical value of spore production was 1.69 × 109 CFU/g. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9498, which ensures an adequate credibility of the model.

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Medium Optimization for the Production of Phytase by Recombinant Pichia pastoris Grown on Glycerol

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.2202/1542-6580.2709 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Min Liu ◽

Gabriel Potvin ◽

Yiru Gan ◽

Zhanbin Huang ◽

Zisheng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Pichia Pastoris ◽

Phytase Production ◽

Medium Components ◽

Gap Promoter ◽

Recombinant Pichia Pastoris ◽

Burman Design ◽

Statistical Designs ◽

Plackett Burman Design ◽

Central Composite ◽

Three Components

Based on statistical designs, minimal salts medium, commonly used for yeast cultivation, was optimized to maximize GAP promoter-mediated phytase production by recombinant Pichia pastoris grown on glycerol. A Plackett-Burman design was followed to screen medium components to determine those that significantly affected phytase production. Of the 8 components studied, the concentrations of K2SO4, CaSO4•2H2O and MgSO4•7H2O were identified as having a significant effect. These three components were subsequently optimized by response surface methodology using a central composite design. The optimal concentrations of the three components, leading to a maximal extracellular phytase activity of 161.64 U/ml, were K2SO4 13.25g/l, CaSO4•2H2O 1.03g/l and MgSO4•7H2O 17.94g/l. The activity measured in cultures using optimized growth medium is significantly higher than the 73.31 U/ml measured in cultures using standard minimal salts media. The theoretical phytase yields predicted by the developed model were very close to experimentally obtained values.

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Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Antioxidant Exopolysaccharides fromXerocomus badiusGrown in Shrimp Byproduct

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/2043787 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiujun Gao ◽

Peisheng Yan ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Jianbing Wang ◽

Jiajia Yu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Regression Models ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

High Yield ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Steepest Ascent ◽

Cultural Conditions ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Burman Design ◽

Plackett Burman Design

To optimize the production conditions for exopolysaccharides with higher antioxidant activities fromXerocomus badiuscultured in shrimp byproduct medium, Plackett-Burman design, path of steepest ascent, and response surface methodology were explored. Based on the results of Plackett-Burman design and path of steepest ascent, a Box-Behnken design was applied to optimization and the regression models. The optimal cultural condition for high yield and antioxidant activity of the exopolysaccharides was determined to be 10.347% of solid-to-liquid ratio, a 4.322% content of bran powder, and a 1.217% concentration of glacial acetic acid. Culturing with the optimal cultural conditions resulted in an exopolysaccharides yield of4.588±0.346 g/L and a total antioxidant activity of2.956±0.105 U/mg. These values are consistent with the values predicted by the corresponding regression models (RSD < 5%).

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Optimization of Extraction or Purification Process of Multiple Components from Natural Products: Entropy Weight Method Combined with Plackett–Burman Design and Central Composite Design

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26185572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (18) ◽

pp. 5572

Author(s):

Yu Du ◽

Pengcheng Huang ◽

Weifeng Jin ◽

Chang Li ◽

Jiehong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Purification Process ◽

Entropy Weight ◽

Multiple Components ◽

Entropy Weight Method ◽

Weight Method ◽

Burman Design ◽

Plackett Burman Design ◽

Central Composite ◽

Comprehensive Score

In this paper, the optimization of the extraction/purification process of multiple components was performed by the entropy weight method (EWM) combined with Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD). We took the macroporous resin purification of Astragalus saponins as an example to discuss the practicability of this method. Firstly, the weight of each component was given by EWM and the sum of the product between the componential content and its weight was defined as the comprehensive score, which was taken as the evaluation index. Then, the single factor method was adopted for determining the value range of each factor. PBD was applied for screening the significant factors. Important variables were further optimized by CCD to determine the optimal process parameters. After the combination of EWM, PBD and CCD, the resulting optimal purification conditions were as follows: pH value of 6.0, the extraction solvent concentration of 0.15 g/mL, and the ethanol volume fraction of 75%. Under the optimal conditions, the practical comprehensive score of recoveries of saponins was close to the predicted value (n = 3). Therefore, the present study provided a convenient and efficient method for extraction and purification optimization technology of multiple components from natural products.

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Enzymatic Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Polysaccharides from Penthorum chinense Pursh: Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/3486864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Li-mei Lin ◽

Ling-jia Zhao ◽

Jing Deng ◽

Su-hui Xiong ◽

Jie Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Steepest Ascent ◽

Penthorum Chinense Pursh ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Experimental Yield ◽

Burman Design ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Penthorum Chinense ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Plackett Burman Design

Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) is a kind of functional food or medicine for liver protection. In the present work, Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to obtain maximum total sugar yield. The experimental yield of 6.91% indicated a close agreement with the predicted yield of 7.00% of the model under optimized conditions. The major polysaccharide fraction (PCPP-1a) from PCPP was purified and identified as acidic polysaccharides with a high content of uronic acid (FT-IR, UV, HPGPC). PCPP had similar monosaccharide profile with PCPP-1a but was rich in galacturonic acid (HPLC). Both of PCPP and PCPP-1a possessed strong hydroxyl radical scavenging, DPPH radical scavenging, and Fe2+ chelating activities. Moreover, they were revealed to show strong anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β release compared to LPS treatment in RAW264.7 cells. These data suggest that the polysaccharides from PCP could be potential natural products for treating ROS and inflammatory-related diseases.

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Improved Production of Sublancin 168 Biosynthesized byBacillus subtilis168 Using Chemometric Methodology and Statistical Experimental Designs

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/687915 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shengyue Ji ◽

Weili Li ◽

Haiyun Xin ◽

Shan Wang ◽

Binyun Cao

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Optimal Combination ◽

Fermentation Condition ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Steepest Ascent ◽

Burman Design ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Optimization Of Fermentation ◽

Plackett Burman Design

Sublancin 168, as a distinct S-linked antimicrobial glycopeptide produced byBacillus subtilis168, is effective in killing specific microorganisms. However, the reported yield of sublancin 168 is at a low level of no more than 60 mg from 1 L fermentation culture ofB. subtilis168 by using the method in the literature. Thus optimization of fermentation condition for efficiently producing sublancin 168 is required. Here, Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimal combination of three fermentation parameters, namely, corn powder, soybean meal, and temperature that were identified previously by Plackett-Burman design and the steepest ascent experiment. Subsequently, based on the response surface methodology, the quadratic regression model for optimally producing sublancin 168 was developed, and the optimal combination of culture parameters for maximum sublancin 168 production of 129.72 mg/L was determined as corn powder 28.49 g/L, soybean meal 22.99 g/L, and incubation temperature 30.8°C. The results showed that sublancin 168 production obtained experimentally was coincident with predicted value of 125.88 mg/L, and the developed model was proved to be adequate, and the aim of efficiently producing sublancin 168 was achieved.

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Screening of Lipid High Producing Mutant from Rhodotorula Glutinis by Low Ion Implantation and Study on Lipid Extration Technique

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.1172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 343-344 ◽

pp. 1172-1181

Author(s):

Shi Chang Li ◽

Hong Xia Liu ◽

Shao Bin Gu ◽

Min Wang ◽

Zhao Yang Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Implantation ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽

High Yield ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Lipid Yield ◽

Ultrasonic Time ◽

Burman Design ◽

Plackett Burman Design

The paper studied on parameters of ion implantation into lipid producing strain Rhodotorula glutinis and lipid extration technology. It was found that the strain had a higher positive mutation rate when the output power was 10keV and the dose of N+ implantation was 80×2.6×1013 ions/cm2. Then a high-yield mutant strain D30 was obtained and it’s lipid yield which was 3.10 g/L increased by 33.05% than that of the original. Additionally, statistically-based experimental designs were applied for the optimization of lipid extraction by acid-heating coupling ultrasonic technique. By a Plackett-Burman design, it was found that three factors, treatment time of HCl (p=0.036) , ultrasonic time (p=0.0105) and rate of extracting solution (VCHCl3:VCH3OH) (p=0.0105), had significant effect on lipid extraction. Subsequently, these significant factors were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the optimized parameters of lipid extraction were as follows: 34 min for treatment time of HCl, 7.5 min for ultrasonic treating time, 1.9:1 for rate of extracting solution (VCHCl3:VCH3OH). Finally the fermentation characteristic of high-yield mutation strain D30 was studied, when fermentation time was 10 d, it’s lipid yield increased to 7.81 g/L

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BNC Biosynthesis with Increased Productivity in a Newly Designed Surface Air-Flow Bioreactor

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10113850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3850

Author(s):

Izabela Cielecka ◽

Małgorzata Ryngajłło ◽

Stanisław Bielecki

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Air Flow ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Production Costs ◽

High Yield ◽

Flow Ratio ◽

Culture Time ◽

Wide Range ◽

Burman Design ◽

Plackett Burman Design

The application of bacterial cellulose (BNC) could be widely expanded if the production costs were reduced. This study aims to determine factors simultaneously affecting the yield and tensile strength of BNC in a newly designed surface air-flow bioreactor (SAF). For this purpose, a two-stage study was done. Firstly, the most important factors for high yield were determined based on the Plackett–Burman Design. Secondly, impact of the chosen variables on both responses was assessed in a wide range of factor values. The greatest influence on the yield and mechanical strength was proved for such factors as air-flow ratio, glucose concentration, and culture time. The productivity in a SAF bioreactor with controlled air-flow ratio was enhanced by 65%. In terms of mechanical properties, the stress of BNC membranes varied from 0.8 to 6.39 MPa depending on the culture conditions. The results of the performed tests make a useful basis for future optimizations.

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Optimization of phenol degradation by Antarctic bacterium Rhodococcus sp.

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102020000358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 486-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tengku Athirrah Tengku-Mazuki ◽

Kavilasni Subramaniam ◽

Nur Nadhirah Zakaria ◽

Peter Convey ◽

Khalilah Abdul Khalil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Composite Design ◽

Phenol Degradation ◽

Antarctic Bacterium ◽

Burman Design ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Predicted Values ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Plackett Burman Design ◽

Central Composite

AbstractThis study focused on the ability of the Antarctic bacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-14 to survive exposure to and to degrade high concentrations of phenol at 0.5 g l-1. After initial evaluation of phenol-degrading performance, the effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the rate of phenol degradation were examined. The optimum conditions for phenol degradation were pH 7 and 0.4 g l-1 NaCl at a temperature of 25°C (83.90%). An analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) and the Plackett-Burman design identified salinity, pH and temperature as three statistically significant factors influencing phenol degradation. The maximum bacterial growth was observed (optical density at 600 nm = 0.455), with medium conditions of pH 6.5, 22.5°C and 0.47 g l-1 NaCl in the central composite design of the RSM experiments enhancing phenol degradation to 99.10%. A central composite design was then used to examine the interactions among these three variables and to determine their optimal levels. There was excellent agreement (R2 = 0.9785) between experimental and predicted values, with less strong but still good agreement (R2 = 0.8376) between the predicted model values and those obtained experimentally under optimized conditions. Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-14 has excellent potential for the bioremediation of phenol.

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Optimization of Inulinase Production from Garlic by Streptomyces sp. in Solid State Fermentation Using Statistical Designs

Biotechnology Research International ◽

10.4061/2011/708043 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Dilipkumar ◽

M. Rajasimman ◽

N. Rajamohan

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Solid State ◽

Response Surface ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Streptomyces Sp ◽

Burman Design ◽

Statistical Designs ◽

Plackett Burman Design

Plackett-Burman design was employed for screening 18 nutrient components for the production of inulinase using Garlic as substrate by Streptomyces sp. in solid-state fermentation (SSF). From the experiments, 4 nutrients, namely, NH4NO3, MnSO4⋅7H2O, Soya bean cake, and K2HPO4 were found to be most significant nutrient components. Hence, these 4 components are selected. The selected components were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions are NH4NO3—6.63 mg/gds, MnSO4⋅7H2O—26.16 mg/gds, Soya bean cake—60.6 mg/gds, and K2HPO4—5.24 mg/gds. Under these conditions, the production of inulinase was found to be 76 U/gds.

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