scholarly journals The Sustainable Production of a Novel Laccase from Wheat Bran by Bordetella sp. JWO16: Toward a Total Environment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
John Onolame Unuofin
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Agroindustrial Residue

Laccase is increasingly adopted in diverse industrial and environmental applications, due to its readily accessible requirements for efficient catalytic synthesis and biotransformation of chemicals. However, it is perceived that its industrial production might incur some unfavorable overhead, which leads to expensive market products, and the corresponding negative environmental feedback, due to the use of capital-intensive and precarious chemicals. To this end, this study was designed to evaluate the performance indicators of the valorization of wheat bran by a novel Jb1b laccase and its subsequent application in waste minimization and water management, on a laboratory scale. Optimal Jb1b laccase was produced in submerged fermentation medium containing wheat bran, an agroindustrial residue, through response surface methodology (RSM) algorithm, and was applied in dye decolorization and denim bioscouring, respectively. Results showed that the resultant enzyme manifested unique biochemical properties, such as enhanced tolerance at certain physicochemical conditions, with a residual activity of at least ca. 76%. Furthermore, phenomenally high concentrations of synthetic dyes (0.2% w v−1) were decolorized over 56 h, and a 6 h mediator-supported simultaneous denim bleaching and decolorization of wash effluent was observed. The sustainability of the production and application processes were inferred from the reusability of the fermentation sludge as a potential biofertilizer, with subsequent prospects for the biostimulation and bioaugmentation of contaminated soils, whereas the decolorized water could be adopted for other uses, amongst which horticulture and forestry are typical examples. These phenomena therefore authenticate the favorable environmental feedbacks and overhead realized in this present study.

Production of Highly Thermostable Laccase from Penicillium spinulosum for Enhanced Delignification of Untreated Wheat Bran

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasade M. Olajuyigbe ◽  
Ademola K. Oduwole ◽  
Cornelius O. Fatokun
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Thermostable Enzyme ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
High Thermostability

Background: Lignin confers rigidity on plant cell wall and poses a challenge to hydrolysis of cellulose, which makes production of biofuels from lignocellulose an overwhelming problem. This prompts continuous search for novel ligninolytic enzymes, especially, laccases for delignification of lignocellulose for improved saccharification of biomass. Objective: This study reports production, physicochemical properties and delignification efficiency of laccases from Penicillium and Trichoderma species on untreated wheat bran. Methods: Fungal laccases were produced using different agroresidues (wheat bran, coconut shell and palm kernel shell) as substrates in submerged fermentation. Best substrate for laccase production was determined. Physicochemical properties of crude enzymes and delignification efficiency of the laccases were determined on untreated wheat bran using pure laccase as control. Results: Wheat bran supported maximum laccase production from fungi under study. Highest laccase yield of 22.5 U/mL was obtained from P. spinulosum. Laccase from P. spinulosum was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 50 °C and exhibited remarkable high thermostability with 61.6% residual activity at 90 °C after 2 h incubation. The activity of the thermostable enzyme was enhanced in the presence of Cu2+. Biodelignification efficiency of cell-free extract from P. spinulosum, T. koningii, and P. restrictum on wheat bran were 95%, 81.5% and 63.5%, respectively. Surprisingly, a much lower delignification efficiency of 33.42% was obtained with commercial laccase from Trametes versicolor. Conclusion: The high thermostability and striking delignification efficiency of laccase from P. spinulosum make the enzyme a good bioresource for biodelignification of untreated lignocellulose for biofuel production.

scholarly journals ENHANCED ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOMYCES GRISEOPLANUS L-ASPARGINASE VIA ITS INCORPORATION IN AN OIL-BASED NANOCARRIER

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
ABEER A. EL-HADI ◽  
HANAN MOSTAFA AHMED ◽  
RANIA A. ZAKI ◽  
AMIRA MOHAMED MOHSEN
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Ph Range

Objective: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is a vital enzyme used as a therapeutic agent in combination with other drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoma, melanosarcoma and lymphocytic leukemia. Immobilization of enzymes through loading on nanoemulsion (NE) results in some advantages such as enhancing their stability and increasing their resistance to proteases. Aim of the present study is to formulate L-asp loaded nanoemulsion to enhance its efficiency and thermal stability. Methods: Nanoemulsion loaded with L-asp crude extract (specific activity 13.23U/mg protein) was prepared employing oleic acid as oil, tween 20/tween 80 as surfactants and propylene glycol (PG) as co-surfactant. L-asp loaded NE underwent several thermodynamic stability studies and the optimized formulae were further examined for their biochemical properties and thermal stability. Results The developed formulations were spherical in shape and their sizes were in the nanometric dimensions with negatively charged zeta potential values. Upon comparing the enzyme activity of L-asp loaded NE employing tween 20 (F1) or tween80 (F4) at different concentrations, the results revealed that F4 NE showed higher enzymatic activity [323 U/ml] compared to F1 NE [197 U/ml] at the same concentration. The nanosized immobilized L-asp was more stable in the pH range from 8 to 8.5 as compared to free L-asp. The immobilized enzyme preserved about 59.11% of its residual activity at 50 °C; while free L-asp preserved about 33.84%. Conclusion: In the view of these results, NE composed of oleic acid, tween 80 and PG represents a promising dosage form for enhancing the activity and stability of Streptomyces griseoplanus L-asp.

scholarly journals The potentional of plants to cleanup metals from an old landfill site

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Jani ◽  
Charlotte Marchand ◽  
William Hogland
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Group Company ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability

Old landfill sites contain different hazardous materials like heavy metals which have the ability to affects the entire environment. These places are sometimes covered by plants to increase the stability of the soil and to reduce the effects of erosion. 15 soil samples (3 samples from each place) and 5-7 timothy-grass (Phleum pretense) plants from 5 different places were taken from an old landfill place in an active landfill site in Högbytorp /Sweden owned by Ragn-sells Group Company. XRF scanning was used to analyze the metal content of soil samples and of plants. High concentrations of metals were detected in the soil samples like Fe with an average of about 25000 ppm, Mn about 250 ppm and 2800 ppm of Ti. The plants results showed an average concentration of Fe in the shoots about 730 ppm, Mn about 60 ppm and Ti about 1760 ppm. On the other hand, the roots results showed an average concentration of about 10 000 ppm of Fe, about 160 ppm of Mn and 2200 ppm of Ti. These results gave the indication that the Timothy-grass has the ability to extract metals from contaminated soils and can help to cleanup these soils.

scholarly journals Screening of five marine-derived fungal strains for their potential to produce oxidases with laccase activities suitable for biotechnological applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissal BEN ALI ◽  
Delphine Chaduli ◽  
David Navarro ◽  
Christian Lechat ◽  
Annick Turbé-Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Fungal Strains

Abstract Background : Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that the world is facing today. Several approaches have been taken, from physical and chemical methods to biotechnological strategies (e.g. the use of oxidoreductases). Oxidative enzymes from microorganisms offer eco-friendly, cost–effective processes amenable to biotechnological applications, such as in industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active cell-free supernatants of interest for dye decolorization.Results : Following the screening of 20 fungal strains isolated from the harbors of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified that displayed laccase-like activities. Molecular-based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum , Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans . Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain ( T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and so was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first undertaken to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, the culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator.Conclusions : The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active cell-free supernatants from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO 4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic a seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. The culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 effectively decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.

Accumulation and transport of antimony and arsenic in terrestrial and aquatic plants in an antimony ore concentration area (south-west China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Lu Liao ◽  
Yuhong Fan ◽  
Han Tu ◽  
Shui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Pueraria Lobata ◽  
West China ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
South West ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Preferred Species

Environmental contextPhytoremediation requires an understanding of bioconcentration and translocation processes that determine behaviour and fate of potentially toxic elements. We studied the distribution of antimony and arsenic in terrestrial and aquatic soil-plant systems in an antimony ore zone. We found that the common climbing plant Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is suitable for phyto-stabilisation of antimony-bearing tailings, while tiger grass (Thysanolaena maxima) was able to extract antimony and arsenic from contaminated soils. AbstractAntimony (Sb) pollution is a major environmental issue in China. Many historical abandoned tailings have released high concentrations of Sb and its associated element arsenic (As) to surrounding environments. This has prompted the need to understand accumulation and translocation processes that determine the behaviour and fate of Sb and As in contaminated soil–plant systems and to identify suitable plant species for phytoremediation. Here we investigate distribution of Sb and As in terrestrial and aquatic dominant plant species and associated soils, all of which are naturally found in an Sb ore concentration area in south-west China. Total Sb and As concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The percentage of soluble Sb and As in the total concentrations were determined; the results showed that the basic soil environment facilitates the release of Sb and As from contaminated soils, and that Sb has higher mobility than As. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were used for evaluating the ability of plants to accumulate and transport Sb and As, respectively. The results indicated that all selected plant species have the potential to tolerate high concentrations of Sb and As. Consequently, this study suggested that Pueraria lobata (PL) can be used as the preferred species for phytostabilisation of abandoned Sb-bearing tailings, given that PL has well-developed roots and lush leaf tissues and the ability to translocate Sb from roots to aboveground parts. Thysanolaena maxima (TM) is suitable for phyto-extraction of Sb and As in contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Solid-state fermentation with orange waste: optimization of Laccase production from Pleurotus pulmonarius CCB-20 and decolorization of synthetic dyes

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e52699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Graça Contato ◽  
Fabíola Dorneles In´ácio ◽  
Tatiane Brugnari ◽  
Caroline Aparecida Vaz de Araújo ◽  
Giselle Maria Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Orange Waste ◽  
Oxidoreductase Enzymes

Laccases are oxidoreductase enzymes that have the ability to oxidize phenolic substrates. Its biotechnological potential has been greatly explored in many areas as biotechnology industry, bioremediation of dyes, food industry and environmental microbiology. The aim of this study was maximize the laccase production by Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quélet in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using orange waste as substrate. After optimization the capability of the crude laccase to decolorize dyes was analyzed. The fermentation medium in the solid-state was optimized by applying a factorial design. After statistics optimization, laccase activity increased two times. The laccase activity appears to be correlated with the ability of crude extract to decolorize some industrial dyes. The optimized laccase was characterized with respect to optimum pH, influence of temperature and salts. Our results demonstrate that P. pulmonarius was an efficient producer of an important industrial enzyme, laccase, in a cheap solid-state system using orange waste as substrate.

scholarly journals Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd) on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Pinus halepensis Seedlings in North Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Claudio Cameselle ◽  
Susana Gouveia ◽  
Abdenbi Zine El Abidine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
High Concentrations

The pollution of soils by heavy metals resulting from mining activities is one of the major environmental problems in North Africa. Mycorrhizoremediation using mycorrhizal fungi and adapted plant species is emerging as one of the most innovative methods to remediate heavy metal pollution. This study aims to assess the growth and the nutritional status of ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd for possible integration in the restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis seedlings were grown in uncontaminated (control) and contaminated soils for 12 months. Growth, mineral nutrition, and heavy metal content were assessed. Results showed that ectomycorrhizae significantly improved shoot and roots dry masses of P. halepensis seedlings, as well as nitrogen shoot content. The absorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd was much higher in the roots than in the shoots, and significantly more pronounced in ectomycorrhizal seedlings—especially for Zn and Cd. The presence of ectomycorrhizae significantly reduced the translocation factor of Zn and Cd and bioaccumulation factor of Pb and Cd, which enhanced the phytostabilizing potential of P. halepensis seedlings. These results support the use of ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.

What do we know about how the terrestrial multicellular soil fauna reacts to microplastic?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Büks ◽  
Loes van Schaik ◽  
Martin Kaupenjohann
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Food Webs ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Using Data

<p><span>The ubiquitous accumulation of microplastic particles across all global ecosystems comes along with the uptake into soil food webs. In this work, we evaluated studies on passive translocation, active ingestion, bioaccumulation and adverse effects within the phylogenetic tree of multicellular soil faunal life. The representativity of these studies for natural soil ecosystems was assessed using data on the type of plastic, shape, composition, concentration and time of exposure.</span></p><p><span>Available studies cover a wide range of soil organisms, with emphasis on earthworms, nematodes, springtails, beetles and lugworms, each focused on well known model organisms. Most of the studies applied microplastic concentrations similar to amounts in slightly to very heavily polluted soils. In many cases, however, polystyrene microspheres have been used, a combination of plastic type and shape, that is easily available, but do not represent the main plastic input into soil ecosystems. In turn, microplastic fibres are strongly underrepresented compared to their high abundance within contaminated soils. Further properties of plastic such as aging, coating and additives were insufficiently documented. Despite of these limitations, there is a recurring pattern of active intake followed by a population shift within the gut microbiome and adverse effects on motility, growth, metabolism, reproduction and mortality in various combinations, especially at high concentrations and small particle sizes.</span></p><p><span>For future experiments<span>, we recommend a </span><span>modus operandi</span><span> that takes into account </span><span>the</span> <span>type, shape, grade of aging and specific concentrations of microplastic </span><span>fractions</span><span> in natural and contaminated soils </span><span>as well as long-term incubation within</span><span> soil </span><span>meso</span><span>cosms.</span></span></p>

Mediator-Based Decolorization of Recalcitrant Dyes with Laccase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LS01

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 768-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lu ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
De Bin Li ◽  
Li Yan Zhao ◽  
Mei Hui Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Blue R ◽  
Mediator System ◽  
Laccase Mediator System

The spore laccase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LS01 was evaluated for its ability in decolorization of different synthetic dyes. The decolorization process was not efficient by the laccase alone. The addition of mediators could remarkably improve the efficiency of dye decolorization. Remazol Brilliant Blue R and reactive black 5 were resistant to decolorization for most mediators. Acetosyringone was proved to be the best mediator for the spore laccase, and a decolorization of 63−82% was achieved for all the tested dyes in the presence of acetosyringone. The results indicate that the spore laccase-mediator system could be used for the treatment of industrial dye effluents.

scholarly journals Aspergillus sp. For Indigosol Blue and Remazol Brilliant Blue R Decolorization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Fitria Ayudi Ulfimaturahmah ◽  
Ratna Stia Dewi ◽  
Ajeng Arum Sari
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Blue R ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Synthetic dyes are artificial dyes manufactured by Industry and commonly used for the textile industry. These dyes had potentially caused an environmental problem. Many types of dyes are recalcitrant and have toxic properties for living organisms. It can be removed by decolorization method, especially a biological decolorization by fungi. Fungi were chosen due to the ability to degrade toxic components. Aspergillus sp. is the fungi which commonly used for dye decolorization. It might be caused that Aspergillus sp. is one type of fungi lived in the textile waste and expected not to die in the dye decolorization treatment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the ability of the mycelia pellets of Aspergillus sp to decolorized Indigosol Blue dye and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye. This research showed that mycelial pellets of Aspergillus sp. had high activity of decolorization of Indigosol Blue dye up to 85.37% and RBBR dye up to 80.21% and caused low pH value after 24 hour incubation time compared to the control solution.

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