scholarly journals Potential for More Sustainable Energy Usage in the Postharvest Handling of Horticultural Produce through Management of Ethylene

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Ron Baden Howe Wills
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Technological Intervention ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Existing Data

The perishable nature of fruit and vegetables requires some technological intervention to maintain quality during handling and marketing. The technology of choice for many years has been use of low temperatures as it is effective in reducing metabolism and hence extend postharvest life. However, refrigerated storage is energy intensive and the growing urgency to reduce international greenhouse gas emissions has created a need for technologies that are more environmentally sustainable but still acceptable to consumers. Ethylene is well known to promote ripening and senescence of fruit and vegetables. This presentation will review the existing data that support the potential for managing the concentration of ethylene in the atmosphere around produce in postharvest situations to allow a reduced reliance on refrigeration and thus reduce energy consumption. Methods for managing ethylene levels around produce, and barriers that need to be overcome in order to move from a temperature-based mindset are discussed.

Review : Role of polyamines in chilling injury of fruit and vegetables/Revisión: El papel de las poliaminas en los daños por frío de frutas y hortalizas

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Serrano ◽  
M.C. Martínez-Madrid ◽  
G. Martínez ◽  
F. Riquelme ◽  
M.T. Pretel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Subtropical Fruit ◽  
Cell Membrane Level

Some tropical and subtropical fruit and vegetables suffer chilling injuries (CI) when exposed to low (above freezing) temperatures. The symptoms of such injuries vary between species, although they usually involve staining of the peel and internal browing, and are related to important modi fications at the cell membrane level. The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine, have an antisenescent action because of their capacity to link with anionic compounds in the cell membrane and to capture free radicals, thus stabilizing the lipid bilayer and preventing membrane deterioration. This paper reviews the mechanism responsible for the physiological alterations produced by chilling, the role of polyamines and the quantitative changes they undergo in the affected tissues. Finally, it describes the possibility of using different treatments to reduce the negative effects of low temperatures and their influence on polyamine levels.

Ethylene levels associated with fruit and vegetables during marketing

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Warton ◽  
R. B. H. Wills ◽  
V. V. V. Ku
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ethylene Level

Over 700 measures of the level of ethylene in the atmosphere of fruit and vegetable holding areas in wholesale markets, distribution centres, supermarket retail stores and domestic refrigerators were taken over a 3-year period. The lowest ethylene levels were found in supermarket stores with a mean level of 0.017–0.035 L/L in produce receival, storage and display areas. Levels in the ambient air of wholesale markets and distribution centres were higher at about 0.06 L/L. Domestic refrigerators were grouped into those that contained or did not contain apples with the ethylene level being much higher at 0.20 L/L where apples were present and 0.029 L/L where apples were absent. Using a rating scale, which was developed from published literature on non-climacteric produce, of ≤0.015 L/L ethylene as a low level where less than 10% of potential postharvest life is lost and ≥0.1 L/L as a high level where there is higher than 30% loss of postharvest life, suggests that most produce during marketing is held in an ethylene atmosphere where 10–30% of potential postharvest life is lost.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Small-Scale Solar Powered Wastewater and Grey Water Treatment Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Solar Powered

Onsite wastewater treatment systems are the most economical way of dealing with used water in an isolated environment. And because of the variability normally associated with the operation of these systems is linked to either varying hydraulic loading or the nature of the environment in which the system was installed, the performance of these systems needs to be evaluated to find out the optimum operating condition. In this work, the performance of two small-scale treatment systems used for wastewater and gray water was evaluated. This was done by comparing the measure of some physical, chemical and biological parameters in the effluent to the standards of effluent discharge sets by Dubai Municipality. The performance was also measured from other angles using the proposed Swedish Water and Wastewater Association performance indicators so as to give the analysis a wider coverage of economic and energy consumption. The result shows that the performance of the installed solar-powered treatment systems was enough to meet the requirements set by Dubai municipality for effluent discharge except for Ammonia-Nitrogen. Also, the deployment of solar power energy supply, coupled with a low energy usage of the two systems, has made this particular setting an environmentally sustainable setting for such an isolated site.

scholarly journals Impacts of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Controlled Atmospheres on Aroma, Flavor, and Quality of Horticultural Commodities

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mattheis ◽  
John K. Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Postharvest Life

The commercial use of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology provides a means to slow the processes of ripening and senescence during storage, transport, and marketing of many fresh fruit and vegetables. The benefits of MAP and controlled atmosphere (CA) technologies for extending postharvest life of many fruit and vegetables have been recognized for many years. Although both technologies have been and continue to be extensively researched, more examples of the impacts of CA on produce quality are available in the literature and many of these reports were used in development of this review. Storage using MAP, similar to the use of CA storage, impacts most aspects of produce quality although the extent to which each quality attribute responds to CA or modified atmosphere (MA) conditions varies among commodities. Impacts of MAP and CA on flavor and aroma are dependent on the composition of the storage atmosphere, avoidance of anaerobic conditions, storage duration, and the use of fresh-cut technologies before storage.

Postharvest management.

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-368
Author(s):  
John M. Dole ◽  
James E. Faust
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Postharvest Management ◽  
Temperature Water

Abstract This chapter focuses on the main issues that need to be considered at every step in the postharvest handling system of cut flowers, i.e. temperature, water, sanitation, carbohydrates, disease and ethylene. Their impacts on the vase life and quality of various species are discussed as well as the importance of optimizing the postharvest life of cut flowers and foliage by proper cultivar selection before planting and the use of appropriate production systems.

scholarly journals Unconventional methods for pressure loss reduction in standard pipe elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
Gábor Gönczi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
Unconventional Methods

Abstract Reduction of pressure at pump houses are the most feasible and most advantageous as the pipe design method that is used, is more than 200 years old and is based up on 19th century production technology. My research focuses on a general approach on improving and reducing the pressure loss of these pipe elements with the help of non-conventional methods, thus resulting in a lower and more optimal energy usage of pump houses. The problematic zones are identified with the help of numerical modelling, geometry changes can be made and tested the same method. The geometrical changes aiming at pressure loss reduction follow non-conventional ideas, form hemodynamic and other biomechanics sources. Pipes in the pump houses are designed, for more than 50 years of operation. Even a small pressure loss reduction with this new method will mean large amount of energy saving in total. The results show that 15%–60% of pressure loss reduction is feasible, according to the complexity of the geometry. Pressure loss reduction will reduce energy consumption of water pumps which will result in a more efficient water works operation.

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Skim, Whole and Chocolate Milk, and in Whipping Cream during Incubation at 4, 8, 13, 21 and 35°C

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
EILEEN M. ROSENOW ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Doubling Times

Autoclaved samples of skim, whole, and chocolate milk and of whipping cream were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (one to four strains were tested individually, depending on the experiment) and incubated at 4, 8, 13, 21 or 35°C. Growth curves were then derived and generation times and maximum populations calculated for each combination of strain, product, and temperature. The growth rate of L. monocytogenes was similar in all four products at a given incubation temperature and increased with an increase in temperature. Doubling times over all products and strains were 41 min (35°C), 1 h 43 min-1 h 55 min (21°C), 4 h 27 min-6 h 55 min (13°C), 8 h 40 min-14 h 33 min (8°C), and 29 h 44 min-45 h 33 min (4°C). In each instance, maximum populations reached were at least 107 cells/ml, with highest numbers consistently produced in chocolate milk (at least 10 times greater than in skim or whole milk or cream at any temperature). Little decrease in final numbers occurred with extended storage at the incubation temperature being studied. All results were analyzed statistically to determine magnitude and source of variation. Observed differences in data resulted from interactive effects between strain, product, and temperature. Therefore, no single factor can be considered as the sole cause of a particular finding. That L. monocytogenes can attain such high populations at low temperatures should be of concern. Since refrigerated storage is no guarantee of protection against growth of L. monocytogenes, every precaution should be taken to prevent contamination of certain foods by this organism.

scholarly journals Effect of Postharvest Handling and Storage on Apple Nutritional Status Using Antioxidants as a Model

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
The World ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
And Storage

With the development of improved postharvest technology, the shelf life of fruit and vegetables has increased dramatically in many parts of the world. Presently, dietary recommendations for these commodities are based on the bioavailability of essential nutrients at the time of optimum harvest. Few people, however, are fortunate enough to have available freshly harvested produce all year and, therefore, must consume fruit and vegetables that have been stored under the best conditions available. The question, then, is whether nutritional quality changes with storage method and length. Little is known concerning the effects of storage on nutrient content or bioavailability. Furthermore, if levels of these antioxidants do indeed change, perhaps dietary recommendations should reflect this as well. The data in this study indicate that there are significant changes in the levels of natural antioxidants in two apple cultivars at harvest and after an extended period in cold storage.

scholarly journals Regulating the postharvest life of Campomanesia lineatifolia R. & P. fruits through the interaction of ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene and low temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Katherine González C. ◽  
Laura Fernanda González-Martínez ◽  
Luis David Córdoba ◽  
Alfonso Rincón P. ◽  
Helber Enrique Balaguera-López
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Storage Temperatures

The champa (Campomanesia lineatifolia) is a very perishability berry with a pleasant taste. The objective of this research was to study the regulation and prolongation of the postharvest conservation of champa fruits using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and refrigeration. Two experiments were carried out: In experiment 1, four treatments were evaluated to understand the regulation of maturation. The treatments were: control, 1-MCP, ethylene and 1-MCP + ethylene. The fruits were stored at room temperature. In experiment 2, the combination of the application of 1-MCP and two storage temperatures (room temperature [16±2°C] as well as 2±0.4°C) were used. In the two experiments, four repetitions were used, each one with approximately 500 g of fruits harvested at stage 2 of maturity (25% yellow and 75% green). The results of experiment 1 indicated that the fruits with 1-MCP presented the longest postharvest duration (17 days), firmness, and titratable acidity. They also had the lowest respiratory rate and weight loss during the 10 days. However, the fruits treated with ethylene had the opposite behavior, indicating that the changes evaluated during ripening were associated with this hormone. In experiment 2, the fruits refrigerated at 2°C, with or without the application of 1-MCP, had the longest postharvest duration, lasting 26 days, as compared to 12 days in the control fruits (without refrigeration and with 1-MCP). The fruits that lasted longer had a low respiratory rate during storage, as well as lower values for weight loss and, color index but, greater firmness and acidity. The 1-MCP was efficient when the fruits were at room temperature.

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