scholarly journals Appetite, Metabolism and Hormonal Regulation in Normal Ageing and Dementia

Diseases ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemissia-Phoebe Nifli
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Major Factors

Feeding and nutrition follow the growth trajectory of the course of life. The profound physiological changes that human body experiences during ageing affect separate aspects of food intake, from tastant perception to satiety. Concurrent morbidities, such as neurodegeneration, as seen in dementia, and metabolic syndrome, may further shape nutritional behaviours, status and adequacy. In an effort to fill the gap between the exhausting basic research and the actual needs of professionals caring for the exponentially expanding ageing population, the current review addresses major factors relevant to appetite and eating disturbances. Does age alter the perception of food modalities? Is food generally still perceived as alluring and delicious with age? Is there an interplay between ageing, cognitive decline, and malnutrition? What tools can we adopt for proper and timely monitoring? Finally, what anatomical and pathophysiological evidence exists to support a hypothesis of central regulation of metabolic perturbations in normal and accelerated cognitive impairment, and how can we benefit from it in health practice?

Normal ageing and the brain

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
CS Breathnach
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Ageing Processes ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ageing Brain ◽  
The Brain

AbstractInterest in the psychiatric aspects of old age predated the institution of geriatrics as a clinical discipline, but the systematic study of the ageing brain only began in the second half of this century when an ageing population presented a global numerical challenge to society. In the senescent cerebral cortex, though the number of neurons is not reduced, cell shrinkage results in synaptic impoverishment with consequent cognitive impairment. Recent advances in imaging techniques, combined with burgeoning knowledge of neurobiological structure and function, have increased our understanding of the ageing processes in the human brain and permit an optimistic approach in the application of the newer insights into neuropsychology and geriatric psychiatry.

Estrogens and Memory

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Age Related ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Estrogenic Regulation

Although estrogens are best known for their roles in reproduction, they are also key modulators of brain regions that mediate learning and memory formation. This regulation has significant translational implications, as estrogens contribute to age-related memory decline and dementia, emotional disorders, addiction, and recovery from brain injury. Although the importance of estrogens for memory formation has been well accepted within the behavioral neuroendocrinology community, they have yet to be fully appreciated by neuroscientists outside of the discipline. The majority of researchers are not trained endocrinologists, and no previous monograph comprehensively encompasses the breadth of basic and clinical research on this subject. Estrogens and Memory: Basic Research and Clinical Implications provides a compendium of cutting-edge basic and clinical research describing the ways in which estrogens regulate memory in a variety of species. Chapters are written by leading experts whose work is on the forefront of this exciting field. The book is organized into three sections: effects of estrogens on the hippocampus and other brain regions central to memory, effects of estrogens on memory and related cognitive processes throughout the lifespan, and translational implications of estrogenic regulation of memory for aging and disease. This book gives an insider’s perspective on how hormonal regulation of brain function influences cognition and provides a one-stop reference for those interested in learning about the effects of estrogens on memory and the resulting implications for mental health.

scholarly journals Solar-driven evaporators for water treatment: challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Shao-Lin Wu ◽  
Honglei Chen ◽  
Hua-Li Wang ◽  
Xiaolan Chen ◽  
Hao-Cheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Major Factors

Solar-driven evaporation is an emerging process to acquire freshwater from saline water or wastewater. The current review summarizes the major factors affecting the evaporation performance, including material selection, heat management, and scaling control.

scholarly journals Peritubular Capillary Rarefaction: An Underappreciated Regulator of CKD Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8255
Author(s):  
Yujiro Kida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Peritubular Capillary ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis ◽  
Capillary Rarefaction ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Peritubular capillary (PTC) rarefaction is commonly detected in chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as hypertensive nephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, PTC rarefaction prominently correlates with impaired kidney function and predicts the future development of end-stage renal disease in patients with CKD. However, it is still underappreciated that PTC rarefaction is a pivotal regulator of CKD progression, primarily because the molecular mechanisms of PTC rarefaction have not been well-elucidated. In addition to the established mechanisms (reduced proangiogenic factors and increased anti-angiogenic factors), recent studies discovered significant contribution of the following elements to PTC loss: (1) prompt susceptibility of PTC to injury, (2) impaired proliferation of PTC, (3) apoptosis/senescence of PTC, and (4) pericyte detachment from PTC. Mainly based on the recent and novel findings in basic research and clinical study, this review describes the roles of the above-mentioned elements in PTC loss and focuses on the major factors regulating PTC angiogenesis, the assessment of PTC rarefaction and its surrogate markers, and an overview of the possible therapeutic agents to mitigate PTC rarefaction during CKD progression. PTC rarefaction is not only a prominent histological characteristic of CKD but also a central driving force of CKD progression.

scholarly journals The global challenge of ageing population – Part I: Definitions, epidemiology and physiological changes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sammy ◽  
Joanne Paul
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Background & Objectives Over the past 50 years, epidemiological data from the World Health Organisation has demonstrated a trend towards population ageing throughout the world. While this is widely recognised in the developed world, the phenomenon has been largely overlooked in the developing world, despite the fact that the rate of ageing in developing countries far outstrips that of developed countries. This global trend towards an increasingly older society has significant implications for healthcare. This article aims to review the definitions of ageing, its epidemiological characteristics and physiological changes associated with ageing. Methods A narrative review of the literature was undertaken using Medline, CINAHL and the Cochrane Database, supplemented by manual searches of the literature, and guided by the reference lists of relevant papers identified in the electronic search. No restriction was placed on the type of paper to be included in the study. Results The initial electronic search of the three databases included 239 papers, of which 60 were found to be relevant and included in this review. These articles discussed the epidemiology and definition of ageing, the physiology of ageing and its impact on health and illness, and the implications for health services. The overall findings of the studies implicate the clear differences in the physiology of older people, which do create specific challenges for health service provision. Conclusion Population ageing is a significant global phenomenon, affecting both developed and developing regions of the world. More work is needed, particularly in the developing world, to better understand the impact of ageing on our population.

scholarly journals Oxysterols and Retinal Microvascular Dysfunction as Early Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal, Ageing Individuals

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Hala Shokr ◽  
Irundika HK Dias ◽  
Doina Gherghel
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present paper is to assess the relationship between oxysterol levels and retinal microvascular function in individuals of various age groups, free of clinically evident diseases. Forty-two apparently healthy individuals were included in the present study (group 1: 19–30 years, group 2: 31–50 years, and group 3: 51–70 years). Retinal microvascular function was assessed using the dynamic retinal vessel analyzer (DVA, IMEDOS GmbH, Jena, Germany). Fasting plasma was obtained from all subjects and quantification of monohydroxy and dihydroxy oxysterols assessment was performed using LC-MS/MS following reverse phase chromatography. A Griess assay was used to evaluate the Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration in all individuals. The glutathione redox ratio was also analyzed by means of whole blood glutathione recycling assay. In all participants, the levels of 7-Ketocholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol correlated significantly and positively with the time to maximum arteriolar dilation. In addition, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol negatively correlated to the percentage of maximum arteriolar dilation. A negative correlation was observed for 27-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol with microvascular arteriolar constriction. These results suggest that, with age, abnormal oxysterol levels correlate with early changes in microvascular bed function. This relationship could signal early risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in an ageing population.

scholarly journals Can You be Biologically Younger than Your Chronological Age? An Overview of Biological Ageing

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-514
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Shailaja Moodithaya ◽  
Shruthi Suvarna H I ◽  
Amrit Mirajkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

The ageing of the population is rapidly escalating worldwide irrespective of unpredictable health challenges like climate change, emerging infectious disease, a microbe that develops drug resistance. India is also experiencing rapid socioeconomic progress and urbanization and the result of this demographic transition is population ageing. Even though there is an increase in life expectancy, there is no increase in health span, and thus increased life expectancy leads to ‘expansion of morbidity'. Longer life expectancy with the expansion of morbidity could enforce a challenge to geroscience as well as a substantial health burden and a threat to the national economy.  In normal ageing, chronological age equates to biological age but certain disease conditions accelerate biological age. Similarly, intervention with physical activity, anti-ageing nutraceuticals would slow down the rate ageing process and provide powerful benefits for longevity. The current review article is based on MeSH and free-text terms in databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct.  This article aims to provide an overview of the concept of biological ageing with emphasis on the pathophysiology of ageing, quantification of biological ageing and the anti-ageing strategies. 

scholarly journals Swallowing Problems in the Normal Ageing Population

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Tracey Wilkinson ◽  
Janet De Picciotto
Keyword(s):  
Ageing Population ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retirement Village ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
Speech Pathologist ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study investigated the prevalence of subjectively reported swallowing problems in a group of normal ageing subjects. Twenty-five retirement village residents were included in the sample. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was utilised. Data was obtained through the administration of a devised interview schedule. The prevalence of reported swallowing problems in the sample was determined. The nature of the swallowing problems were examined and compared to those reported to occur in the normal ageing population. The utility of the interview schedule was critically evaluated. Results revealed an overall prevalence of 44% of subjects who experience swallowing problems that interfere with their day to day functioning. Of these, 64% experienced swallowing difficulties affecting all phases of the swallow while 36% experienced difficulties affecting the pharyngeal and oesophageal phases. The interview was found to be a useful screening measure in identifying the presence of swallowing problems. The role of the speech pathologist in dysphagia in the normal ageing population is highlighted and justified.

The ageing cardiovascular system

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Bolton ◽  
Chakravarthi Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Ageing Processes ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Uk

SummaryThe increase in the ageing population has generated much interest and research into what constitutes normal ageing. By identifying normal ageing processes it is hoped it will be possible to distinguish risk factors for the development of abnormal or premature ageing.This review discusses biological, structural and mechanical changes in the cardiovascular system with ageing that are thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease with ageing. Contributory factors are thought to be genetic and lifestyle related. Measurements of biological as opposed to chronological ageing such as vascular stiffness are explored as a possible useful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, indicating its possible utilization as a non-invasive screening tool in older people.The identification of those at risk of cardiovascular disease and modification of risk factors may minimize interactions of the ageing process and therefore reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease within the UK population.

Can antioxidant nutraceuticals benefit the menopause?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Erick Valencia ◽  
Angela Marin ◽  
Gil Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Menopausal Women

The antioxidants glutathione, selenium and vitamins C and E meet the criteria for nutraceuticals and their in vivo concentrations can undoubtedly influence and improve many disease processes. In an attempt to quantify and correlate their individual roles as nutritional supplements with their therapeutic potential to improve symptoms and lifestyle during the menopause, we conducted a literature search covering the 15 years up to 2001. Few publications were found dealing specifically with menopausal women. Approximately 90% reported research with vitamins and/or selenium and only one paper investigated a possible correlation between glutathione and breast cancer. This relatively low level of research interest in nutritional or antioxidant aspects of the menopause may just reflect a preoccupation with the more general chronic diseases of an ageing population, without necessarily acknowledging the important physiological changes that occur in women. The little encouraging data in the literature should stimulate more research into the prognostic value, mechanisms and efficacy of nutraceutical supplementation that specifically relate to menopausal women.

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