scholarly journals Cooperative- and Eco-Driving: Impact on Fuel Consumption for Heavy Trucks on Hills

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2373
Author(s):  
Juergen Hauenstein ◽  
Jan Cedric Mertens ◽  
Frank Diermeyer ◽  
Andreas Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Protection Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Costs

Greenhouse gas emissions are the cause of climate change, which in turn has a negative impact on people and the environment. Reducing the fuel consumption of conventional engines reduces climate-damaging emissions and can, thus, contribute to achieving climate protection goals. In addition, fuel costs are a major cost factor for long-haul trucking. Eco-driving helps to reduce fuel costs when driving on inclines and declines. Due to the high mass and, therefore, high kinetic and potential energy of heavy trucks, fuel can be saved by coasting before slopes and before speed limits. However, energy-efficient and non-cooperative driving, i.e., without considering other road users, can lead to increased fuel consumption as vehicles impede each other. To resolve conflicts in road traffic, a variety of methods that enable cooperative driving exist. In general, vehicles communicate with vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and negotiate a joint driving strategy. This paper presents a method that combines cooperative and energy-efficient driving and examines the impact on fuel consumption during uphill driving. The method relies on the exchange of trajectories for cooperative maneuver coordination. By computing a strategic trajectory, energy-efficient driving with long coasting maneuvers is enabled. In the simulative evaluation, travel over hills with two and three trucks is investigated. It is shown that the combination of cooperative and eco-driving reduces the fuel costs for traffic.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Piotr Wiśniowski ◽  
Mateusz Bednarski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DIALITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Kompanets ◽  
Liliia Lytvyshko ◽  
Yuliia Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Trucking Companies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Costs

The ecological state of Kyiv and Kyiv region is considered in the article. This helped to strengthen the innovation direction in improving the environmental situation. At the present stage of development it becomes necessary to expand environmental priorities in the areas of innovation policy: investing in innovation in environmental rehabilitation and the revival of natural potential; development of innovative ecological entrepreneurship, creation of eco-socio-technological parks; continuous improvement of environmental management systems; formation of ecological and innovative potential of regions and corresponding innovation infrastructures. The article identifies the main objects that have a significant negative impact on citizens living in Kyiv and Kyiv region. It is determined that road transport harms humanity by 85% more than other objects of study. The ratings of Ukraine on the index of environmental efficiency and the main indicators of the impact of air pollution on the health of citizens of Ukraine and the city of Kyiv have been studied. As shown, Kyiv ranked fourth in Europe in the number of deaths due to poor ecology. On the basis of the researched material innovative measures for improvement of nature protection activity of the country were offered. Studies of the impact of air emissions became the basis for proposals to change the technical and economic re-equipment of motor transport enterprises. An innovative proposal to reduce material costs in trucking companies, namely fuel costs, through the introduction of combined fuel consumption systems (methane / diesel), which will reduce fuel costs by up to 40-45%, as compressed methane (CNG) by almost 60 % cheaper than diesel and reduction of negative emissions into the environment. The application of the proposed environmental actions is proved. The above proposal is the most up-to-date, as the analysis of the market of enterprises in the field of "Transportation of goods by road" showed that this innovative environmental action has great potential for development, both economically and environmentally.

scholarly journals An attempt to evaluate the influence of automated vehicles on traffic flow and design of road infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Nina Kozaczka ◽  
Stanisław Gaca
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
The Impact

The article evaluates the impact of autonomous vehicles on road infrastructure de- sign, road traffic conditions and safety based on a review of existing literature. Levels of driv- ing automation and equipment of self-driving vehicles were presented. Attention was drawn to the benefits of developing communication systems between vehicle and the environment. The possible negative impact of autonomous vehicles on mixed traffic capacity was noted. The potential needs to adapt the road infrastructure to the traffic flow of automated vehicles were also presented. Separation of the lane, dedicated to self-driving vehicles, with a high share of these vehicles was presented as an element that improves the flow of traffic and safe- ty. Keywords: Autonomous vehicles; Road infrastructure; Self-driving cars

scholarly journals Analysis of Incentives to Eco-Driving for Car Rental Companies’ Customers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10579
Author(s):  
Michał Adamczak ◽  
Adrianna Toboła ◽  
Jadwiga Fijałkowska ◽  
Piotr Cyplik ◽  
Maciej Tórz
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Road ◽  
Car Rental ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The problem of road traffic is one of the key challenges that cities will have to deal with in the future. It is also a problem directly related to the concept of sustainable development. Reducing the negative impact of road traffic in future cities can be achieved through cooperation in the following areas: social—shaping customer behavior and habits, economic—changing attitudes towards owning a car, and environmental—aimed at reducing the vehicle’s impact on the natural environment. A literature review was used to identify the research gap concerning the impact of the incentive system on increasing the environmental performance of drivers under short-term rental. Referring to the research gap, the main goal of the article is to identify the attractiveness of eco-driving incentives for drivers under short-term rental. The study used the survey method. The study was based on 323 completed questionnaires (female—122 and male—201). The following methods were also used in the analysis of the results: Anderson–Darling, Mood’s Median test and Kruskal Wallis multiple pairwise comparisons. The evaluation of the attractiveness of the incentive to eco-driving depends on the characteristic of the client who rents the car. Thus, it is possible to shape incentive systems for car rental customers that can shape their positive behavior on the road. Among the most attractive incentives for eco-driving in a rented car are: the possibility of upgrading a car in the next rental, discount for future rental and free car-wash.

scholarly journals Environmental Problems Caused by Motor Vehicles in and Around the City of Sumgait

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Гюльнар Нуру Гаджиева
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The purpose is to study the impact of motor vehicles passing through the city on human health and the environment and to develop an action plan to prevent negative processes in the city of Sumgait. Materials and methods. The negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment was studied using GIS technologies, historical and geographical, mathematical-statistical, comparative, observation, systematic analysis and other methods. Results and discussion. The article calculates the length of existing roads in Sumgait, the number of motor vehicles (cars, trucks and buses) passing through the city during the year, the amount of waste each of them emits to the surrounding areas, especially to the atmosphere. In addition, their impact on soil and vegetation, as well as on human health, has been studied. The results were analysed and compared with the established sanitary standards for their exceedance. Statistical characteristics of the level of pollution have been calculated. The analysis of the data obtained from the measurements led to conclusions about the insufficient effectiveness of structures that reduce the level of pollution only at distances of 100 and 150 m from the sources. Conclusion. In the considered areas, it is necessary to take measures to protect the population from road traffic pollution. In these measures, special attention was paid to creating favourable conditions for people to live in a cleaner environment.

scholarly journals Methods and simulation to reduce fuel consumption in driving cycles for category N1 motor vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kolin ◽  
S. E. Silantyev ◽  
Petr Rogov ◽  
M. E. Gnenik
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Light Commercial Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of using the simulation model estimating the fuel consumption of a light commercial vehicle in road traffic cycles; virtual tests are performed. The impact analysis of the motor vehicle design parameters on fuel consumption in NEDC and WLTC cycles is conducted. Numerical values of average fuel consumption are obtained for variation of the main parameters of the structure in NEDC and WLTC cycles. Energy distribution is shown during the motion of category N1 light commercial vehicle.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Electricity as Road Transportation Fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Siniša Vilke ◽  
Frane Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Road-based electricity increasingly is being considered as an alternative fuel of the future that would replace or reduce dependence on oil and its derivatives, resulting in a reduction at the negative impact on the environment. More and more countries are introducing stricter measures on greenhouse gas emissions, while increasing incentives to buy EVs. This paper looks at the environmental impact of electricity in road transport in ecological, economic, and social terms, highlighting the greater need for more energy efficient EVs than conventional vehicles. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the application of electricity concerning fossil fuel in road transport, i.e., to describe the impact of EVs on the environment regarding conventional vehicles. Analysis of the use of the EV or the development of electrical infrastructure that is improving and introduced at high speed has shown that only countries with a high standard can monitor trends of EV. Therefore, despite all the advantages of EVs, the strategies and measures adopted by the EU, the implementation of electricity as road transportation fuel does not have a significant echo in countries with a lower standard, at least until the reach and prices of EVs are closer to conventional ones.

scholarly journals The Impact of Congestion on the Costs of Public Transport in Starogard Gdański

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Marek Gierszewski ◽  
Aleksandra Koźlak
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Congestion in the urban transport network is common not only in large agglomerations, but also in medium-sized cities in all countries that are characterized by a high level of socio-economic development. Traffic congestion has negative impact on economic, social, and environment development. The costs of congestion are borne by all users of the transport system, both drivers, passengers, entities providing transport services, as well as enterprises using freight transport services. The purpose of the article is to discuss the results of the study on the impact of congestion on the costs of public transport in a medium-sized city. The research method consisted in the analysis of vehicle road cards, fuel consumption statements for buses belonging to the Municipal Transport Company in Starogard Gdański and the examination of real bus travel times and the scale of delays caused by congestion on individual lines. The analysis of the data shows that thecompany bears much higher costs of fuel consumption, and passengers are exposed to bus arrivals and departures inconsistently with the timetable, prompting them to opt out of public transport services. This results in lower revenues from ticket sales and deterioration of the company’s financial result.

scholarly journals Forecasting the impact on the environment of generating sources in agricultural production

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
E. Timofeev ◽  
A. Erk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
The Impact

The development of rural electrification is aimed at distributed energy, i.e. availability of autonomous sources of electricity and heat generation. Generation sources can use coal, fuel oil, gas, local and alternative energy sources as fuel and energy resources. This causes additional emissions of pollutants. Prediction of negative impact on the environment depends on the quantity and quality of emissions during the operation of various types of installations that generate electric and thermal energy. The purpose of the study is to select and substantiate the most attractive method for predicting the impact on the environment of generating sources in agricultural production. The widespread introduction of distributed energy using local and renewable energy sources will significantly reduce emissions of pollutants due to a decrease in energy intensity, matching the required load with the capacity of generation sources, using the most energy efficient sources, and widespread introduction of renewable energy sources. In this regard, it is advisable to forecast the impacts by the scenario method considering the implementation of the proposed distributed power supply system. The implementation of measures developed considering the analysis of the forecast of the negative impact on the environment of generating plants in agricultural enterprises will reduce the negative impact on the environment by introducing energy-efficient technologies into the energy balance of the enterprise, as well as increase production by up to 20% and increase sustainability. rural areas.

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