scholarly journals Modeling, Design Procedure and Control of a Low-Cost High-Gain Multi-Input Step-Up Converter

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Edgardo Netzahuatl ◽  
Domingo Cortes ◽  
Marco A. Ramirez-Salinas ◽  
Jorge Resa ◽  
Leobardo Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
And Control

The use of several different sources to feed a load jointly is convenient in many applications, in particular those where two or more renewable energy sources are employed. These applications include energy harvesting, hybrid vehicles, and off-grid systems. A multi-input converter able to admit sources of different characteristics and select the output power of each source is necessary in such applications. Several topologies of multi-input converters have been proposed to this aim; however, most of them are controlled by simple strategies based on a small signal model of multi-input converters. In this work, a low cost high gain step-up multi-input converter is analyzed. A nonlinear model is derived. Using this model, a detailed design procedure is proposed. A 500 W converter prototype was constructed to confirm that the model predicted the real behavior of the converter. Using the nonlinear model, indirect voltage control of basic converters was extended to the multi-input converter. The obtained controller had a fast performance, and it was robust under load and input voltage variations. With the obtained model, the proposed design procedure, and the controller, a converter that was initially proposed for photovoltaic applications was enabled to be used in a broader range of applications. The herein exposed ideas for modeling, the design procedure, and control could be also applied to other multi-input converters.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation Procedure of a High-Gain Three-Input Step-Up 1 kW Converter

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo Netzahuatl-Huerta ◽  
Leobardo Hernandez-Gonzalez ◽  
Domingo Cortes ◽  
Jazmin Ramirez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Storage Element ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Different Characteristics

The use of different sources to energize a load is convenient in many applications, particularly those where two or more renewable energy sources are employed, such as energy harvesting, hybrid vehicles, and off-grid systems. In these cases, a multi-input converter is able to admit sources with different characteristics and, if necessary, select the output power of each source. Several topologies of multi-input converters have been proposed to this aim; however, most of them are based on multistage designs, which decreases efficiency and increases control complexity, particularly when more than two sources are used. In this work, a three-input step-up converter, easy to control in open loop condition, is analyzed. A designed procedure is described, and experimental results are presented for a 1 kW power converter. The implemented converter results in a higher voltage gain and less storage element, keeping high efficiency compared to similar topologies. Using the procedure here proposed, this converter that was initially designed for photovoltaic applications is enabled to be used in medium- and high-power applications, for example, when renewable energy sources are used.

A High Step-up DC-DC Converter Based on the Voltage Lift Technique for Renewable Energy Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11059
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Khan ◽  
Arshad Mahmood ◽  
Mohammad Zaid ◽  
Mohd Tariq ◽  
Chang-Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Voltage Gain

High gain DC-DC converters are getting popular due to the increased use of renewable energy sources (RESs). Common ground between the input and output, low voltage stress across power switches and high voltage gain at lower duty ratios are desirable features required in any high gain DC-DC converter. DC-DC converters are widely used in DC microgrids to supply power to meet local demands. In this work, a high step-up DC-DC converter is proposed based on the voltage lift (VL) technique using a single power switch. The proposed converter has a voltage gain greater than a traditional boost converter (TBC) and Traditional quadratic boost converter (TQBC). The effect of inductor parasitic resistances on the voltage gain of the converter is discussed. The losses occurring in various components are calculated using PLECS software. To confirm the performance of the converter, a hardware prototype of 200 W is developed in the laboratory. The simulation and hardware results are presented to determine the performance of the converter in both open-loop and closed-loop conditions. In closed-loop operation, a PI controller is used to maintain a constant output voltage when the load or input voltage is changed.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Secure IoT Mechanism for Monitoring and Controlling Polygeneration Microgrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8354
Author(s):  
Josué Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Diego Aponte-Roa ◽  
Idalides Vergara-Laurens ◽  
Wayne W. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Networked Control System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Network Intrusion ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitor And Control

The use of Internet-connected devices at homes has increased to monitor energy consumption. Furthermore, renewable energy sources have also increased, reducing electricity bills. However, the high cost of the equipment limits the use of these technologies. This paper presents a low-cost secured-distributed Internet of Things (IoT) system to monitor and control devices connected in a polygeneration microgrid, as a combined power system for local loads with renewable sources. The proposed mechanism includes a Wireless Sensor Actuator Networked Control System that links network nodes using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The Internet communication enables the monitor and control of devices using a mobile application to increase the efficiency. In addition, security mechanisms are implemented at several levels including the authentication, encryption, and decryption of the transmitted data. Furthermore, a firewall and a network intrusion detection-and-prevention program are implemented to increase the system protection against cyber-attack. The feasibility of the proposed solution was demonstrated using a DC microgrid test bench consisting of a diverse range of renewable energy sources and loads.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converters Using Si and SiC MOSFETs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Hasaan Farooq ◽  
Hassan Abdullah Khalid ◽  
Waleed Ali ◽  
Ismail Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Resonant Converters ◽  
Wide Range

With the expansion of renewable energy sources worldwide, the need for developing more economical and more efficient converters that can operate on a high frequency with minimal switching and conduction losses has been increased. In power electronic converters, achieving high efficiency is one of the most challenging targets to achieve. The utilization of wideband switches can achieve this goal but add additional cost to the system. LLC resonant converters are widely used in different applications of renewable energy systems, i.e., PV, wind, hydro and geothermal, etc. This type of converter has more benefits than the other converters such as high electrical isolation, high power density, low EMI, and high efficiency. In this paper, a comparison between silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET and silicon (Si) MOSFET switches was made, by considering a 3KW half-bridge LLC converter with a wide range of input voltage. The switching losses and conduction losses were analyzed through mathematical calculations, and their authenticity was validated with the help of software simulations in PSIM. The results show that silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs can work more efficiently, as compared with silicon (Si) MOSFETs in high-frequency power applications. However, in low-voltage and low-power applications, Si MOSFETs are still preferable due to their low-cost advantage.

scholarly journals Cluster of Single-Board Computers at the Edge for Smart Grids Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10981
Author(s):  
Safae Bourhnane ◽  
Mohamed Riduan Abid ◽  
Khalid Zine-dine ◽  
Najib Elkamoun ◽  
Driss Benhaddou
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
And Control

Increases in power demand and consumption are very noticeable. This increase presents a number of challenges to the traditional grid systems. Thus, there is the need to come up with a new solution that copes with the stringent demand on energy and provides better power quality, which gives a better experience to the end users. This is how the concept of smart grids (SG) came to light. SGs have been introduced to better monitor and control the power produced and consumed. In addition to this, SGs help with reducing the electricity bill through the integration of renewable energy sources. The underlying smartness of the SGs resides in the flow of information in addition to the flow of energy. Information/data flowing implies the use of smart sensors and smart meters that sense and send data about the power produced and consumed, and the data about the environment where they are deployed. This makes SGs a direct application of IoT. In this paper, we are implementing an edge platform that is based on single-board computers (SBCs) to process data stemming from SG. The use of SBCs is driven by the energy efficiency and cost effectiveness concepts that the SG is trying to apply. The platform in question is tested against a distributed job that averages random numbers using Hadoop’s MapReduce programming model. The SBC that we are using in this implementation is the NVIDIA Jetson Developer Kit. The results of this work show that a cluster of SBCs is low-cost, easy to maintain, and simple to deploy, which makes it a great candidate for providing edge computing. Although it revealed a performance that beat the one of the remote cloud servers, it could not outperform the single-computer edge platform.

scholarly journals Design and Control of Coupled Inductor DC–DC Converters for MVDC Ship Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Balsamo ◽  
Davide Lauria ◽  
Fabio Mottola
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

This paper deals with the design and control aspects of modern ship power systems within the paradigm of an all-electric ship. The widespread use of power electronic converters is central in this context due to the technological advances in automation systems and the integration of the electrical propulsion systems and other components, such as electrical energy storage systems and renewable energy sources. The issue to address in this scenario is related to the request of increased performances in dynamic operation while pursuing advantages in terms of energy savings and overall system security. In addition, the presence of large load changes requires providing robustness of the control in terms of system stability. This paper is focused on medium voltage direct current (MVDC) ship power systems and the design and control of coupled inductor DC–DC converters. The load is handled in terms of a constant power model, which generally is considered the most critical case for testing the stability of the system. The robustness of the design procedure, which is verified numerically against large and rapid load variations, allowed us to confirm the feasibility and the attractiveness of the design and the control proposal.

Design of Light Weight-Low Cost Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Salah ◽  
Kareem El Telbany ◽  
Bavly Samy ◽  
Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Karim El-Ghanzory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Neutral Buoyancy ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
And Control

Abstract Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles (ROV) currently have been utilized for scientific and commercial applications. Many industries are involved in developing robots in order to reduce human effort as well as increase productivity, efficiency, and monitoring. That said, the need to optimize the cost for design of ROVs became popular. In the present work, a simplified design procedure of a low cost-light-weight ROV is proposed. The design overview includes a description of the three thrusters operated by bilge pump electric motors. The ROV contains only a camera, an IMU and a GPS sensor. The ROV is wired to a control station that is equipped with a screen with a GUI, a joystick and a keyboard to monitor and control the ROV. The design is optimized to achieve a neutral buoyancy force in order to reduce the stabilizing effort during operation, hence reducing energy consumption. The drag force, lift force, drag center, lift center and fluid velocity contours are predicted using a CFD tool. Dynamic analysis including thrust and drag forces in longitudinal, vertical and yaw directions of motion are investigated to facilitate selection of the prime movers. Finally, the control strategy and electrical system description is presented. The proposed methodology proved that a satisfactory performance with an optimized design is achievable. The ROV design presented could be used in quick and low cost inspection of ships.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of Nonlinear PI-Controller with Quasi-Z-Source Derived Push-Pull Converter

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Andrii Chub ◽  
Oleksandr Husev ◽  
Dmitri Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract This paper is focused on the control issues of the quasi-Z-source derived push-pull converter with integrated magnetic elements. The proposed converter is intended for applications that require a high gain of the input voltage and galvanic isolation, i.e. power conditioning systems for renewable energy sources, such as variable speed wind turbines with direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators. Magnitude and frequency of the output voltage of such turbines are variable due to intermittent nature of the wind power. Despite number of advantages converter has complicated dynamic behavior. Simulations showed change of stability margin depending on current operation point of the wind turbine and output load. Closed loop control system should provide fast response and stable operation in the wide range of wind speeds. Simulations showed that the conventional PI-controller with saturation cannot satisfy those requirements. Nonlinear PI-controller was derived by adding adjustment block to the conventional PI-controller. Adjustment block is drastically changing proportional and integral gains of the controller according to sign of the output voltage error. Proposed controller is compared with conventional one by means of simulation in PSIM. Simulation results prove that proposed nonlinear control system has improved regulator performance.

scholarly journals A Modified Boost-Boost High Gain DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic (PV) Based Off- Grid Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
H. Isah ◽  
Y.M. Sagagi ◽  
A. Bako
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Low Duty Cycle ◽  
High Voltage Gain ◽  
Grid Applications ◽  
Conduction Mode

This study presents a single switch non-isolated DC-DC converter good for photovoltaic (PV) applications. The proposed topology was constructed using two classical DC-DC boost converters by arranging them in cascade for providing high voltage gain, low duty-cycle, less stress across the semiconductor devices, less size, and low cost. The operating principle and steady-state analysis of an individual component of the proposed topology in continuous conduction mode (CCM) are discussed and the results obtained improved the ones in literatures. The prototype of 120 V DC output voltage with 9 V DC input voltage is implemented and the result obtained validate the simulated result of the proposed converter. Keywords: DC-DC converter, Photovoltaic (PV), Single switch, High gain, Duty-cycle.

scholarly journals A High-Gain Multiphase Interleaved Differential Capacitor Clamped Boost Converter

Electronics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Dogga Raveendhra ◽  
Poojitha Rajana ◽  
Kalamchety Srinivasa Ravi Kumar ◽  
Praveen Jugge ◽  
Ramesh Devarapalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Conversion Gain ◽  
And Control

A step-up for a non-isolated interleaved differential capacitor clamped boost (IDCCB) DC–DC converter is proposed in this manuscript. Because of its ability to produce high voltage gains, it is used in high-power applications. This converter’s modelling and control design are applicable to any number of phases. A six-phase interleaved differential capacitor clamped boost prototype is tested in this work, with an input voltage of 60 V, an output voltage of 360 V, and a nominal output power of 2.2 kW. The components of the converter are placed and controlled in such a way that the output voltage is the sum of the two capacitor voltages and the input voltage, which is two times higher than the supply voltage when compared to a conventional interleaved differential dual-boost converter. This converter reduces the stress on the capacitor with reference to the conventional interleaved differential boost converter for the same conversion gain. This prototype is considered and the developed approach is applied, after which the experimental results are obtained. This converter has potential for application in areas such as renewable energy conversion and electric vehicles.

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