scholarly journals Effect of Filler Concentration on Tracking Resistance of ATH-Filled Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngtaek Jeon ◽  
Shin-Ki Hong ◽  
Myungchin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Surface Contact Angle ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
Surface Leakage

It is necessary for polymeric materials to have superior tracking resistance against various stress conditions for outdoor applications. In this study, the effect of nano-sized alumina tri-hydrate (ATH) particles on the tracking resistance of silicone rubber (SiR) is studied. Specimens with filler loadings of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 wt % are used for performance characterization. From the inclined plane test (IPT) results, apparent improvement in tracking resistance was achieved by mixing 3 wt % of nano-sized fillers, compared to unfilled specimens. ATH/SiR nanocomposites with 5 wt % loading showed comparable tracking performance to SiO2/SiR microcomposites with 20 wt % loading. For detailed analysis, measurements of surface contact angle (SCA) and surface leakage current, and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed. As the nano-ATH filler concentration increased, both thermal stability and leakage current characteristics were improved. Such results agreed with the tracking resistance performance by showing that thermal decomposition and surface charge transport is inhibited in ATH/SiR nanocomposites. Furthermore, performance improvement in nanocomposites was achieved, even at low filler loadings, compared to microcomposites. Meanwhile, the change in SCA was found to be rather limited, regardless of filler loading and filler size.

scholarly journals Analysis of Surface Degradation of Silicon Rubber Insulators after 30 Years in-Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-844
Author(s):  
Lunnetta Safura Lumba ◽  
◽  
Suwarno Suwarno ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Aged Sample ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Virgin Sample ◽  
The Difference

In recent years, polymeric insulators have been increasingly used for high voltage overhead transmission lines. The industry has replaced the insulators from ceramic to polymeric due to its lightweight and hydrophobic materials, not to mention the performance against pollutant contamination. In this study, an analysis of two 70 kV silicone rubber insulators is performed. The insulators had been in service for 30 years on transmission networks in volcanic area, exposed to intense UV solar radiation in midday, but also high precipitation occur throughout the year. The urge to understand better of polymeric aging behavior is important to improve the quality of the polymeric type insulators. In this study, these aged samples were then compared with virgin samples to identify the endurance and quality of polymer material. The surface deterioration and the change of chemical content were evaluated using advanced techniques, including Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Meanwhile, the hydrophobic and visual inspection were also conducted. The hydrophobicity was evaluated by measuring the contact angle and assessed using IEC62073. The aged samples are categorized as hydrophobic class 1 due to the angle value of more than 60o. Physicochemical results showed that the aged sample compared with the virgin simple did not differ significantly given that the aged samples have been in-service for 30 years. Based on TG/DTA result, the percentage difference of weight loss between virgin and aged sample only lower than 4%. Then, from EDX result, the atomic percentage differences of C and O component compared with virgin sample are 4%-10%. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra indicates a normal aging condition of the silicone rubber, the difference in peak value of Si-(CH3)2 and OH compared with virgin sample is 10%.

scholarly journals Effect of Ageing on the Tracking Characteristics of High-Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber Hybrid Composites for High Voltage Insulation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ghouse Shaik ◽  
Vijayarekha Karuppaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Early Failures ◽  
High Voltage Insulation ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
Structure Investigations

Micro-sized aluminum trihydrate (ATH) filled silicone rubber is useful as insulation in the electric power system. The addition of nanofillers can improve further, its overall performance. However, the degradation of such silicone insulator due to ageing has not yet been thoroughly analysed. Motivated by this, an investigation was done to observe the effect of ageing on the tracking, and the material characteristics of SiO2 nanofillers added micro-sized ATH-filled Silicone rubber. For this, the samples were prepared using different weight percentage of SiO2 nanofillers and were thermally-aged and water-aged in the laboratory environment. A well-regulated tracking-test setup was assembled, and the leakage current characteristics of the fresh, thermal-aged and water-aged samples were observed, as per international electro technical commission standard (IEC) 60,587. After tracking, the surface morphology of these samples was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) was carried out to observe the elements present at the surface and, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy was conducted to study the changes in the chemical structure. Investigations through the leakage current, SEM, EDAX and FTIR revealed that the addition of nanofillers improved the tracking characteristics of the aged hybrid composite insulation samples, thereby minimising any early failures.

Palm Kernel Shell Filled Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Effect of Filler Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nadiatul Husna ◽  
Bee Ying Lim ◽  
H. Salmah ◽  
Chun Hong Voon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
High Density ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Palm kernel shells (PKS) filled recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) biocomposites were produced using melt mixing. The biocomposites were prepared on Brabender Plasticorder at temperature of 185 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm by varying filler loading (0 to 40 phr). In this study, the effect of PKS loading on rheological properties and thermal stability of rHDPE/PKS were investigated. Rheological study of the biocomposites was carried out by means of capillary rheometer under temperature of 190 °C, 200 °C and 210 °C. Thermal properties of biocomposites were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The rheological results showed that the flowability of the composite increased with increasing temperature. Meanwhile, the result of TGA showed that at higher PKS loading, rHDPE/PKS biocomposites had lower total weight loss. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was reduced due to the addition of filler loading.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DOUBLE SURFACTANT COATED MAGNETIC PARTICLES

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SHAMIM ◽  
Z. PENG ◽  
L. HONG ◽  
K. HIDAJAT ◽  
M. S. UDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Thiodiglycolic Acid

The unique and novel physicochemical features of the nanosized magnetic particles, which are attained due to their size and shape morphology, have aggregated an interest in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this work, magnetic particles coated with double-layer surfactants were prepared and characterized. The magnetic particles ( Fe3O4 ) were synthesized by chemical precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe 3+ salts (1:2 ratio) with ammonium hydroxide ( NH4OH ) under inert atmosphere at 80°C followed by resuspension of the nanoparticles in water using thiodiglycolic acid. This procedure produced Fe3O4 nanoparticles stabilized against agglomeration. The primary surfactant coated particles were further treated with 4-vinylaniline at 25°C for about thirty minutes. As –SH group in thiodiglycolic acid has greater affinity formagnetic surface, it is easily attached to the iron particles through bonding. Subsequently, the – NH2 functional group of 4-vinylaniline reacts with the acid group – COOH of the thiodiglycolic acid. The size and the distribution of these magnetic particles, their morphologies and magnetic properties were measured by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. TEM results show the formation of single domain nanoparticles of mean diameter of about 10 nm. The strength of the NH–CO bond was measured by FTIR (Bio-Rad), the vibration observed at a wavelength of 1613–1745 cm-1. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals the existence of two distinct layers of surfactants on the particle surface. These surface-modified nanomagnetic particles can further be coated with thermo-sensitive polymeric materials which may be used in separation and purification of bio-molecules.

scholarly journals Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Study regarding the plastic composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Marina Grigorescu ◽  
Madalina Elena Grigore ◽  
Paul Ghioca ◽  
Lorena Iancu ◽  
Cristian-Andi Nicolae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Complex Polymer

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generated in large amounts due to the development of IT and telecommunication industry is considered an important concern for environmental protection. The complex polymer composition of WEEE can be determined in order to consider a proper recycling process for polymeric materials. The aim of the study was to identify the constituent polymers by: density, burning test, solubility, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (ATG). The research led to a majority of polystyrenic polymers, together with polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides.

Synthesis and Optical Properties of an Alternating Conjugated Copolymer Composed of 2,5-Divinyl-3,4-Dialkylthiophene and 2,6-Pyridine

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 4012-4018
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Coupling Approach ◽  
Conjugated Copolymer

An alternating conjugated copolymer composed of 2,5-divinyl-3,4-dialkylthiophene and 2,6-pyridine was synthesized by Heck coupling approach. The regioregular poly(3, 4-dialkylthiophene) was prepared by McCullough for the comparing research. The obtained polymers were evaluated with 1H NMR, FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). The results indicate that the polymers depict outstanding thermal stabilities, low band gaps, and high PL quantum efficiency, and they might be excellent polymeric materials for applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells, polymer solar cells, and so on.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO POWDER REINFORCED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER (EPDM) COMPOSITES: EFFECT OF FILLER LOADING AND PARTICLE SIZE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1122-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Hemdan Abd El-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bamboo Powder ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Due to the light weight, high specific strength and non hazardous nature of bamboo fiber, it is preferred over synthetic fibers in composite materials for a wide range of applications such as automotive industry and including household sectors. As was noticed, little attention has been given to the effect of bamboo powder on the mechanical properties of rubber composites. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to the study the effect of loading and particle size of bamboo powder on the mechanical properties of EPDM composites. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal stability of composites. Results indicated that the thermal stability of EPDM was further improved with increasing in bamboo loading and decreasing in particle size. The stress- strain curves of the composites were studied and fitted according toOgden’s model. Mechanical parameters for the studied composites were improved with increasing bamboo loading. Besides, properties such as rupture stress, and internal friction were found to be maximum for composites containing certain content of bamboo powder, depending upon its particle size. Moreover, composites containing the smallest particle size of powder, at all levels of bamboo loading, showed mechanical properties superior to all other composites. From the dynamic mechanical measurements, the dynamic modulus, internal friction, and thermal diffusivity were calculated. The observed variations were explained in view of the role played by both the loading level and the particle size of bamboo powder. These findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs.

Rapid Assessment of Use Safety for Silicone Rubber Pad by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Guo Jun Song ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Pei Yao Li ◽  
Zheng Gu ◽  
Jian Guo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Temperature Zone ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Thermo-gravimetric technology was used to rapidly evaluate and measure safe use life of food contact polymer materials. The thermo-gravimetric curve showed that silicone rubber pad decomposition temperature was about 350°C in air and the maximum decomposition rate was 450°C. 370°C, 380°C, 390°C, 400°C, 410°C at the right temperature zone was chosen to do thermo-gravimetric constant temperature experiments; the time of silicon rubber pad’s weightlessness of 5%, 10% 15% was calculated by the above curve, respectively. Finally Arrhenius equation was used to establish the relationship between temperature and time; and then the result of infer silicone rubber pad using life was 1.37 thousand times when it was used as a baking tray.

Effect of UV Radiation and Leakage Current on Hydrophobicity of RTV Silicone Rubber

2013 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Wang ◽  
Guo Gang Wang ◽  
Yue Ju Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Leakage Current ◽  
Hydrophobic Behavior ◽  
Surface Leakage ◽  
Rtv Silicone Rubber

The effect of UV radiation and surface leakage current on the hydrophobic behavior of the RTV(room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber )silicone rubber was investigated. It's found that the ultraviolet radiation and surface leakage current both could weaken the hydrophobicity of the RTV surface in different degree.

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