scholarly journals Combined Vapor Permeation and Continuous Solid-State Distillation for Energy-Efficient Bioethanol Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2266
Author(s):  
Hongshen Li ◽  
Hongrui Liu ◽  
Yufang Li ◽  
Jilin Nan ◽  
Chen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Flow Sheet ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Rectification Column ◽  
Vapor Permeation ◽  
Wide Range

Extracting ethanol by steam directly from fermented solid-state bagasse is an emerging technology of energy-efficient bioethanol production. With continuous solid-state distillation (CSSD) approach, the vapor with more than 25 wt% ethanol flows out of the column. Conventionally, the vapor was concentrated to azeotrope by rectification column, which contributes most of the energy consumption in ethanol production. As an alternative, a process integrating CSSD and vapor permeation (VP) membrane separation was tested. In light of existing industrial application of NaA zeolite hydrophilic membrane for dehydration, the prospect of replacing rectification operation with hydrophobic membrane for ethanol enriching was mainly analyzed in this paper. The separation performance of a commercial PDMS/PVDF membrane in a wide range of ethanol–water-vapor binary mixture was evaluated in the experiment. The correlation of the separation factor and permeate flux at different transmembrane driving force was measured. The mass and energy flow sheet of proposed VP case and rectification case were estimated respectively with process simulation software based on experimental data. Techno-economic analysis on both cases was performed. The results demonstrated that the additional VP membrane cost was higher than the rectification column, but a lower utilities cost was required for VP. The discount payback period of supplementary cost for VP case was determined as 1.81 years compared with the membrane service lifetime of 3 years, indicating that the hybrid CSSD-VP process was more cost effective and energy efficient.

scholarly journals A bio-facilitated synthetic route for nano-structured complex electrode materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2619-2624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Moradi ◽  
Jae Chul Kim ◽  
Jifa Qi ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
State Solution ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range

Bio-facilitated solid state solution: we investigate an energy-efficient synthesis that merges the bio-templated technique and solid-state reactions to produce a wide range of nano-structured complex inorganic materials.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Bioethanol Production by One Phase Transition Separation Based on Advanced Solid-State Fermentation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6301
Author(s):  
Hongshen Li ◽  
Hongrui Liu ◽  
Shizhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Vapor Permeation

To fulfill the consumption demand of low-cost fuel ethanol, an advanced process for feedstock fermentation and bioethanol extraction was required. This study proposed a process of combined continuous solid-state distillation and vapor permeation to extract ethanol from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse on the basis of advanced solid-state fermentation technology. Ethanol undergoes only one phase transition separation in the whole process, which drastically reduces energy consumption compared to the repeating phase transitions that occur in conventional bioethanol production. The mass balance and energy consumption of combining processes were simulated overall. A techno-economic evaluation was conducted on the flowsheet. Costs and profit of fuel ethanol produced by one phase transition separation bioethanol-producing technology were comprehensively calculated. The results of the present study show that the proposed process is an energy efficient and cost-effective alternative to conventional bioethanol production.

scholarly journals The use of carbon nanomaterials in membrane distillation membranes: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Leaper ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Karim ◽  
Patricia Gorgojo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMembrane distillation (MD) is a thermal-based separation technique with the potential to treat a wide range of water types for various applications and industries. Certain challenges remain however, which prevent it from becoming commercially widespread including moderate permeate flux, decline in separation performance over time due to pore wetting and high thermal energy requirements. Nevertheless, its attractive characteristics such as high rejection (ca. 100%) of nonvolatile species, its ability to treat highly saline solutions under low operating pressures (typically atmospheric) as well as its ability to operate at low temperatures, enabling waste-heat integration, continue to drive research interests globally. Of particular interest is the class of carbon-based nanomaterials which includes graphene and carbon nanotubes, whose wide range of properties have been exploited in an attempt to overcome the technical challenges that MD faces. These low dimensional materials exhibit properties such as high specific surface area, high strength, tuneable hydrophobicity, enhanced vapour transport, high thermal and electrical conductivity and others. Their use in MD has resulted in improved membrane performance characteristics like increased permeability and reduced fouling propensity. They have also enabled novel membrane capabilities such as in-situ fouling detection and localised heat generation. In this review we provide a brief introduction to MD and describe key membrane characteristics and fabrication methods. We then give an account of the various uses of carbon nanomaterials for MD applications, focussing on polymeric membrane systems. Future research directions based on the findings are also suggested.

Insights into Potent Therapeutical Antileukemic Agent L-glutaminase Enzyme Under Solid-state Fermentation: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasai Potla Durthi ◽  
Madhuri Pola ◽  
Satish Babu Rajulapati ◽  
Anand Kishore Kola
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybridoma Technology ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Glutaminase Activity

Aim & objective: To review the applications and production studies of reported antileukemic drug L-glutaminase under Solid-state Fermentation (SSF). Overview: An amidohydrolase that gained economic importance because of its wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the food industry, is L-glutaminase. The medical applications utilized it as an anti-tumor agent as well as an antiretroviral agent. L-glutaminase is employed in the food industry as an acrylamide degradation agent, as a flavor enhancer and for the synthesis of theanine. Another application includes its use in hybridoma technology as a biosensing agent. Because of its diverse applications, scientists are now focusing on enhancing the production and optimization of L-glutaminase from various sources by both Solid-state Fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation studies. Of both types of fermentation processes, SSF has gained importance because of its minimal cost and energy requirement. L-glutaminase can be produced by SSF from both bacteria and fungi. Single-factor studies, as well as multi-level optimization studies, were employed to enhance L-glutaminase production. It was concluded that L-glutaminase activity achieved by SSF was 1690 U/g using wheat bran and Bengal gram husk by applying feed-forward artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. The highest L-glutaminase activity achieved under SSF was 3300 U/gds from Bacillus sp., by mixture design. Purification and kinetics studies were also reported to find the molecular weight as well as the stability of L-glutaminase. Conclusion: The current review is focused on the production of L-glutaminase by SSF from both bacteria and fungi. It was concluded from reported literature that optimization studies enhanced L-glutaminase production. Researchers have also confirmed antileukemic and anti-tumor properties of the purified L-glutaminase on various cell lines.

scholarly journals Solid-State DC Circuit Breakers and their Comparison in Modular Multilevel Converter Based-HVDC Transmission System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Gul Ahmad Ludin ◽  
Mohammad Amin Amin ◽  
Hidehito Matayoshi ◽  
Shriram S. Rangarajan ◽  
Ashraf M. Hemeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
Dc Circuit Breakers

This paper proposes a new and surge-less solid-state direct current (DC) circuit breaker in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system to clear the short-circuit fault. The main purpose is the fast interruption and surge-voltage and over-current suppression capability analysis of the breaker during the fault. The breaker is equipped with series insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches to mitigate the stress of high voltage on the switches. Instead of conventional metal oxide varistor (MOV), the resistance–capacitance freewheeling diodes branch is used to bypass the high fault current and repress the over-voltage across the circuit breaker. The topology and different operation modes of the proposed breaker are discussed. In addition, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed circuit breaker, it is compared with two other types of surge-less solid-state DC circuit breakers in terms of surge-voltage and over-current suppression. For this purpose, MATLAB Simulink simulation software is used. The system is designed for the transmission of 20 MW power over a 120 km distance where the voltage of the transmission line is 220 kV. The results show that the fault current is interrupted in a very short time and the surge-voltage and over-current across the proposed breaker are considerably reduced compared to other topologies.

scholarly journals LED Rail Signals: Full Hardware Realization of Apparatus with Independent Intensity by Temperature Changes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Schirripa Schirripa Spagnolo ◽  
Fabio Leccese
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Set Up

Nowadays, signal lights are made using light-emitting diode arrays (LEDs). These devices are extremely energy efficient and have a very long lifetime. Unfortunately, especially for yellow/amber LEDs, the intensity of the light is closely related to the junction temperature. This makes it difficult to design signal lights to be used in naval, road, railway, and aeronautical sectors, capable of fully respecting national and international regulations. Furthermore, the limitations prescribed by the standards must be respected in a wide range of temperature variations. In other words, in the signaling apparatuses, a system that varies the light intensity emitted according to the operating temperature is useful/necessary. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective solution. In order to adjust the intensity of the light emitted by the LEDs, we use an LED identical to those used to emit light as a temperature sensor. The proposed system was created and tested in the laboratory. As the same device as the ones to be controlled is used as the temperature sensor, the system is very stable and easy to set up.

scholarly journals The development of aryl-substituted 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (PIP) with various colors of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) luminescence in the solid state

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 3599-3606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Mutai ◽  
Tatsuya Ohkawa ◽  
Hideaki Shono ◽  
Koji Araki
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Intramolecular Proton Transfer ◽  
Aryl Group ◽  
Red Emission ◽  
Wide Range

The color of ESIPT luminescence of HPIP is tuned in a wide range by the introduction of aryl group(s), and thus a series of PIPs showing blue to red emission is realized.

scholarly journals Water Filtration Membranes Based on Non-Woven Cellulose Fabrics: Effect of Nanopolysaccharide Coatings on Selective Particle Rejection, Antifouling, and Antibacterial Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Blanca Jalvo ◽  
Andrea Aguilar-Sanchez ◽  
Maria-Ximena Ruiz-Caldas ◽  
Aji P. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Filtration Membranes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Fabrics

This article presents a comparative study of the surface characteristics and water purification performance of commercially available cellulose nonwoven fabrics modified, via cast coating, with different nano-dimensioned bio-based carbohydrate polymers, viz. cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (T-CNF), and chitin nanocrystals (ChNC). The surface-modified nonwoven fabrics showed an improvement in wettability, surface charge modification, and a slight decrease of maximum pore size. The modification improved the water permeance in most of the cases, enhanced the particle separation performance in a wide range of sizes, upgraded the mechanical properties in dry conditions, and showed abiotic antifouling capability against proteins. In addition, T-CNF and ChNC coatings proved to be harmful to the bacteria colonizing on the membranes. This simple surface impregnation approach based on green nanotechnology resulted in highly efficient and fully bio-based high-flux water filtration membranes based on commercially available nonwoven fabrics, with distinct performance for particle rejection, antifouling and antibacterial properties.

Application of neural networks in membrane separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Asghari ◽  
Amir Dashti ◽  
Mashallah Rezakazemi ◽  
Ebrahim Jokar ◽  
Hadi Halakoei
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) as a powerful technique for solving complicated problems in membrane separation processes have been employed in a wide range of chemical engineering applications. ANNs can be used in the modeling of different processes more easily than other modeling methods. Besides that, the computing time in the design of a membrane separation plant is shorter compared to many mass transfer models. The membrane separation field requires an alternative model that can work alone or in parallel with theoretical or numerical types, which can be quicker and, many a time, much more reliable. They are helpful in cases when scientists do not thoroughly know the physical and chemical rules that govern systems. In ANN modeling, there is no requirement for a deep knowledge of the processes and mathematical equations that govern them. Neural networks are commonly used for the estimation of membrane performance characteristics such as the permeate flux and rejection over the entire range of the process variables, such as pressure, solute concentration, temperature, superficial flow velocity, etc. This review investigates the important aspects of ANNs such as methods of development and training, and modeling strategies in correlation with different types of applications [microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), etc.]. It also deals with particular types of ANNs that have been confirmed to be effective in practical applications and points out the advantages and disadvantages of using them. The combination of ANN with accurate model predictions and a mechanistic model with less accurate predictions that render physical and chemical laws can provide a thorough understanding of a process.

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