scholarly journals Overview on Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor Design and Related Technologies Development in ENEA

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5157
Author(s):  
Mariano Tarantino ◽  
Massimo Angiolini ◽  
Serena Bassini ◽  
Sebastiano Cataldo ◽  
Chiara Ciantelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Fuel Pin ◽  
Numerical Tools

The next generation of nuclear energy systems, also known as Generation IV reactors, are being developed to meet the highest targets of safety and reliability, sustainability, economics, proliferation resistance, and physical protection, with improved performances compared with the currently licensed plants or those presently being built. Among the proposed technologies, lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs) have been identified by nuclear industries in both Western and developing countries as being among the optimal Generation IV candidates. Since 2000, ENEA, the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Economic Development is supporting the core design, safety assessment, and technological development of innovative nuclear systems cooled by heavy liquid metals (HLM) and, most recently, fully oriented on LFRs. ENEA is developing world-recognized skills in fast spectrum core design and is one of the largest European fleets of experimental facilities aiming at investigating HLM thermal-hydraulics, coolant chemistry control, corrosion behavior for structural materials, and material properties in the HLM environment, as well as at developing corrosion-protective coatings, components, instrumentation, and innovative systems, supported by experiments and numerical tools. Efforts are also dedicated to develop and validate numerical tools for specific application to HLM systems, ranging from neutronics codes, system and core thermal-hydraulic codes, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fuel pin performance codes, including their coupling. The present work aims at highlighting the capabilities and competencies developed by ENEA so far in the framework of liquid metal technologies for Generation IV LFRs. In particular, an overview on the ongoing R&D experimental program will be depicted considering the current fleet of facilities, namely: CIRCE, NACIE-UP, LIFUS5, LECOR, BID-1, HELENA, RACHEL, and Mechanical Labs. An overview on the numerical activities performed so far and those presently ongoing is also reported. Finally, an overview of the ENEA contribution to the ALFRED Project in the frame of the FALCON international consortium is reported, mainly addressing the ongoing activity in terms of core design, technology development, and auxiliary systems design.

scholarly journals Priority of a Value-oriented Approach in the Development and Implementation of Information Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Yuliia Trach
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oriented Approach

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the value-oriented approach and substantiate the necessity of its application during the development and implementation of information technologies. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach as a gen­eral scientific principle of understanding complex organized objects, as well as a dialectical method necessary for the implementation of cultural studies research. The scientific novelty of the research is that the article has further developed approaches to the development of technology on humanistic principles, due to the dehumanization of modern society under the influence of new technologies. Conclusions. The importance of carrying out relevant scientific and technological research, making efforts to raise awareness at the turning points of technology development and initi­ating discussions on the context of their application, including consideration of social values at different stages of technological development. It was revealed that among the priorities of technology application should be: focus on social values, empowerment, promoting the formation of the future by people and for people, etc. This requires responsible management of technologies, control over their use, substantiation of the optimal implementation of values in their development. The social values and needs of mankind should become an indispensable criterion of perception of the newest technologies.

The Red Queen’s Race

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlindo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Red Queen Effect ◽  
The Red Queen ◽  
Queen Effect

This chapter introduces the idea that technology, invented millennia ago, is developing at an even increasing pace, creating the need for all systems to develop to avoid becoming obsolete. This is called the Red Queen effect. The current generation has seen the appearance and rapid development of many new technologies, from digital computers and cellular phones, to DNA sequencing and genetic engineering. However, the next decades will witness an even faster technological development, leading to the appearance of economic and social realities that we cannot even dream of. Computer technology and biotechnology will come together to create changes in society that will make the last decades look like slow-paced, in what respects technology development.

POTENTIAL OF INTRODUCING DIGITAL AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN ELECTRICITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
F.F. Khabirov ◽  
V.S. Vokhmin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

The article considers the possibility of introducing digital and intelligent systems in the electric power industry, including the analysis of the consequences after the introduction of new technologies on the economic, social and technological side. Currently, the concept of distributed generation is being used more and more often in the global energy arena. This is certainly a trend in the energy sector. The current level of technological development in the energy sector is quite high, but in order to continue to increase competitiveness, we need a further transition to digital and intelligent energy systems that will increase the reliability, quality, environmental friendliness and automation of energy supply.

scholarly journals Is There a Predisposition towards the Use of New Technologies within the Traffic Field of Emerging Countries? The Case of the Dominican Republic

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Mireia Faus ◽  
Cristina Esteban ◽  
Sergio A. Useche
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traffic in big cities. The population perceives the benefits provided by these systems, and, therefore, citizens usually have a favorable opinion of them. However, emerging countries, which have fewer available infrastructures, could present a certain lack of trust. The objective of this work is to detect the level of knowledge and predisposition towards the use of new technologies in the transportation field of the Dominican Republic. For this study, the National Survey on Mobility was administered to a sample of Dominican citizens, proportional to the ONE census and to sex, age and province. The knowledge of ITS topics, as well as the use of mobile applications for mobility, are scarce; however, there was a significant increase that can be observed in only one year. Moreover, technology is, in general, positively assessed for what concerns the improvement of the traffic field, even though there is a lack of predisposition to provide one’s personal data, which is necessary for these devices. The process of technological development in the country must be backed up by laws that protect the citizens’ privacy. Thus, technologies that can improve road safety, mobility and sustainability can be implemented in the country.

scholarly journals Technology and Corporate Social Responsibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8658
Author(s):  
Vojko Potocan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Interdisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Corporate Social

This study examined the importance of technologies in advancing modern organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing upon environmentalist and technological theories, we analyzed the shift from the traditional development of technology to the development of sustainable technologies for the further sustainable advancement of organizations. Technology has decisively influenced the development of humankind, but its research has traditionally excluded sustainable development issues. Newer technological visions have addressed the incorporation of technologies in all industries more comprehensively to solve social issues related to environmental protection and sustainable economic development. Such an orientation is followed by several conceptual solutions, such as the sustainable use of traditional technologies, development of sustainable technologies, and interdisciplinary treatment of sustainable technology to extend the CSR model. The results of our study have theoretical implications, highlighting the effects of technological development and new technologies on the course of further societal sustainable development. Practical implications include extending CSR’s Triple Bottom model with a technological dimension to improve organizations’ further sustainable operating and behavior.

The Rise of Digital Repression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Feldstein
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
The World ◽  
Dna Collection ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
Mass Surveillance

This book documents the rise of digital repression—how governments are deploying new technologies to counter dissent, maintain political control, and ensure regime survival. The emergence of varied digital technologies is bringing new dimensions to political repression. At its core, the expanding use of digital repression reflects a fairly simple motivation: states are seeking and finding new ways to control, manipulate, surveil, or disrupt real or perceived threats. This book investigates the goals, motivations, and drivers of digital repression. It presents case studies in Thailand, the Philippines, and Ethiopia, highlighting how governments pursue digital strategies based on a range of factors: ongoing levels of repression, leadership, state capacity, and technological development. But a basic political motive—how to preserve and sustain political incumbency—remains a principal explanation for their use. The international community is already seeing glimpses of what the frontiers of repression look like, such as in China, where authorities have brought together mass surveillance, online censorship, DNA collection, and artificial intelligence to enforce their rule in Xinjiang. Many of these trends are going global. This has major implications for democratic governments and civil society activists around the world. The book also presents innovative ideas and strategies for civil society and opposition movements to respond to the digital autocratic wave.

Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and the Republic of Korea in the Fields of Big Data, Network and Artificial Intelligence for the Development of the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Yujeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Government

Today, each country has interest in digital economy and has established and implemented policies aimed at digital technology development and digital transformation for the transition to the digital economy. In particular, interest in digital technologies such as big data, 5G, and artificial intelligence, which are recognized as important factors in the digital economy, has been increasing recently, and it is a time when the role of the government for technological development and international cooperation becomes important. In addition to the overall digital economic policy, the Russian and Korean governments are also trying to improve their international competitiveness and take a leading position in the new economic order by establishing related technical and industrial policies. Moreover, Republic of Korea often refers to data, network and artificial intelligence as D∙N∙A, and has established policies in each of these areas in 2019. Russia is also establishing and implementing policies in the same field in 2019. Therefore, it is timely to find ways to expand cooperation between Russia and Republic of Korea. In particular, the years of 2020and 2021marks the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and not only large-scale events and exchange programs have prepared, but the relationship is deepening as part of the continued foreign policy of both countries – Russia’s Eastern Policy and New Northern Policy of Republic of Korea. Therefore, this paper compares and analyzes the policies of the two countries in big data, 5G, and artificial intelligence to seek long-term sustainable cooperation in the digital economy.

BRICS Countries Possible Areas for Scientific Cooperation

2015 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
A Share

The article evaluates science sectors and effectiveness of scientific research in the countries forming the BRICS group, as well as the current state of scientific and technological cooperation among the group members. The science sectors of the countries under consideration differ markedly, while facing similar problems relating to government regulations and external environments. The differences exist in total expenditures on research and development (as a share of GNP), in the scope of governmental funding (large in Russia and India, but small in China), and in the distribution of allocations among various areas and types of R&D activities. China appears to have the most well-adjusted science sector among the BRICS members. It includes not only strong universities but also high-tech companies that invest actively into research and development. The overall impact (inferred from citation indexes) of fundamental and exploratory research performed in BRICS countries remains low. BRICS's scientists prefer to collaborate with their colleagues from the world-leading countries rather than with their fellows from BRICS. Yet, in contrast to the world trend, in all BRICS countries, except Russia, a share of internationally co-authored publications is now decreasing. BRICS members have more similar interests and priorities in technological development, including infrastructural and large technological projects, than in science. Currently, bilateral cooperation in technology prevails, while the projects involving all members of the group still remain at the stage of preliminary evaluation and discussion. Russia cooperates most closely with China and India, including joint projects in such high-priority directions as new materials, photonics, biomedical, space and information technologies. For Russia, cooperation in technological development appears to be of most interest because it can lead not only to introduction of new technologies but also help to create large Russian innovative companies. Development of successful multilateral cooperation in science and technology among the BRICS members is the key for this group, originally formed for geopolitical reasons, to evolve into an effective economic union.

Evolution of Biotechnology and Information Technology and Its Impact on Human Security

2015 ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
E. S. Zinovieva ◽  
Y. I. Vojtenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract: The development of post-industrial society initiates profound economic, technological and cultural change in the way of life of all mankind. The revolutionary breakthroughs in the field of new technologies such as biotechnology and information technology are reflected in all spheres of human activity, directly affecting the human security. The article analyzes the consequences of widespread usage biotechnology and information technology in the foreign policy practice on the basis of the human security theory. The detailed description of the main directions of the use of biometric technology in the foreign policy and consular practices is provided, the challenges and threats to information security associated with biometrics are analyzed, arising from widespread biotechnology are the main challenges and threats to as well as human security threats arising at the present stage of development and application of these technologies. Human security threats associated with the use of biotechnology are placed in the broader context of global trends in scientific and technological development. The recommendations are formulated in the field of foreign policy and international cooperation, which would neutralize new threats to international and personal safety arising at the present stage of development of biotechnology. The authors conclude that in order to ensure ethical regulation of new technologies that address issues of human security, it is necessary to organize multi-stakeholder partnerships at national and international level with the participation of states, representatives of civil society, business and the research community.

Designing the landscape for technological development in neonatal neurocritical care

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Colin Hamilton ◽  
Robert Phaal ◽  
Mita Brahmbhatt ◽  
Peter Jarritt ◽  
Topun Austin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Patient Pathway ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo identify current ‘gaps’ in clinical practice or therapeutic knowledge of the care of neonatal neurointensive care patients and to determine the impact healthcare technologies can have on improving outcomes.DesignThe Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing’s (IfM) roadmapping methodology.SettingCambridge, UK.Participants16 delegates were selected through professional networks. They provided coverage of academia and clinical skills, as well as expertise in neonatology, engineering and technology development.Main outcome measuresA ‘strategic landscape’ has been developed with ‘landmarks’ identified as ‘trends or drivers’, ‘patient pathway experience and unmet needs’ and ‘enabling project or resources’. Priorities were voted on by delegates.Results26 strategic ‘landmarks’ were identified, and of these 8 were considered ‘trends or drivers’, 8 ‘patient pathway experience and unmet needs’ and 10 as ‘enabling project or resources’. Of these, five priorities for the future of neonatal neurocritical care were identified by a voting process: real-time video monitoring for parents; individualised management of preterm infants in neonatal neurocritical care based on real-time multimodal monitoring; continuous electroencephalogram monitoring for early seizure diagnosis; neuroprotection: understanding basic mechanisms; and sleep measurement.ConclusionsThrough the use of the IfM methodology, a list of priorities has been developed for future work into improving the experience and possible outcomes of newborn infants with brain injuries and their families. While not an exhaustive list, it provides the beginning for a national conversation on the topic.

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