scholarly journals Validation of a Method for Measuring the Position of Pick Holders on a Robotically Assisted Mining Machine’s Working Unit

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Piotr Cheluszka ◽  
Amadeus Jagieła-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mining Machine ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
High Production ◽  
Automatic Positioning

For effective mining, it is essential to ensure that the picks are positioned correctly on the working unit of a mining machine. This is due to the fact that the design of roadheader cutting heads/drums using computer-aided tools is based on the operating conditions of the roadheader/shearer/milling machine. The geometry of the cutting head is optimized for selected criteria by simulating the mining process using a computer. The reclaimed cutting head bodies that are utilized in production are manufactured again in the overhaul process. Ensuring that the dimensions of the cutting head bodies match the rated dimensions is labor-intensive and involves high production costs. For dimensional deviations of the cutting head bodies, it is necessary to control the position of the pick holders relative to the cutting head side surface in real time during robotic-assisted assembly. This article discusses the possibility of utilizing a stereovision system for calculating the distance between the pick holder base and the roadheader cutting head side surface at the point where the pick holder is mounted. The proposed measurement method was tested on a robotic measurement station constructed for the purpose of the study. A mathematical measurement model and procedures that allow automatic positioning of the camera system to the photographed objects, as well as acquisition and analysis of the measurement images, were developed. The proposed method was validated by using it for measuring the position of the pick holders relative to the side surface of the working unit of a mining excavating machine, focusing on its application in robotic technology. The article also includes the results observed in laboratory tests performed on the developed measurement method with an aim of determining its suitability for the metrology task under consideration.

scholarly journals The Use of a Stereovision System in Shape Detection of the Side Surface of the Body of the Mining Machine Working Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-271
Author(s):  
Piotr Cheluszka ◽  
Amadeus Jagieła-Zając
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mining Machine ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Cutting Head ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

AbstractEnsuring the compliance of the finished product with the project during the manufacturing of cutting heads/drums of the mining machines, largely determines the efficiency of rock mining, especially hard-to-cut rocks. The manufacturing process of these crucial elements of cutting machines is being robotized in order to ensure high accuracy and repeatability. This determines, among others the need to assess in real-time the degree of the approach of pick holders positioned by the industrial robot to the side surface of the working unit of the cutting machine in their target position. This problem is particularly important when in the manufacturing process are used the bodies of decommissioned cutting heads/drums, from which old pick holders have been removed. The shape and external dimensions of these hulls, unless they are subjected to regeneration, may differ quite significantly from the nominal ones. The publication, on the example of a road header cutting head, presents the procedure for automatically identifying and indexing markers displayed on its side surface, recorded on measuring photos by two digital cameras of a 3D vision system. Experimental research of the developed method was carried out using the KUKA VisionTech vision system installed on the test stand in the robotics laboratory of the Department of Mining Mechanization and Robotization at the Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation of the Silesian University of Technology. Data processing was carried out in the Matlab environment using the libraries of the Image Processing Toolbox. The functions provided in this library were used in the developed algorithm, implemented in the software. This algorithm allows automatic identification of markers located in the images of the side surface of the cutting head. This is the basis for determining their location in space. The publication presents a method of segmenting images recorded by cameras into homogeneous areas. The method of separating interesting areas from the image by comparison to the pattern was presented. Also shown is the method of the automatic numbering of mutually matching pairs of markers on photos from two cameras included in the vision system depending on the spatial orientation of the marker grid in the measuring images.

AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah & Al-Taye
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
High Production ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh  (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields.  The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the    importation of red meat importation  in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

scholarly journals Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Tamás Mizik ◽  
Gábor Gyarmati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Production

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last decade. Depleted stocks of crude oil and the significant level of environmental pollution encourage researchers and professionals to seek and find solutions. The study aims to analyze the economic and sustainability issues of biodiesel production by a systematic literature review. During this process, 53 relevant studies were analyzed out of 13,069 identified articles. Every study agrees that there are several concerns about the first-generation technology; however, further generations cannot be price-competitive at this moment due to the immature technology and high production costs. However, there are promising alternatives, such as wastewater-based microalgae with up to 70% oil content, fat, oils and grease (FOG), when production cost is below 799 USD/gallon, and municipal solid waste-volatile fatty acids technology, where the raw material is free. Proper management of the co-products (mainly glycerol) is essential, especially at the currently low petroleum prices (0.29 USD/L), which can only be handled by the biorefineries. Sustainability is sometimes translated as cost efficiency, but the complex interpretation is becoming more common. Common elements of sustainability are environmental and social, as well as economic, issues.

An ESP Production Optimization Algorithm Applied to Unconventional Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Bermudez ◽  
Noor Al Nahhas ◽  
Hafsa Yazdani ◽  
Michael LeTan ◽  
Mohammed Shono
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Free Gas ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pumps ◽  
High Production

Abstract The objectives and Scope is to evaluate the feasibility of a Production Maximization algorithm for ESPs on unconventional wells using projected operating conditions instead of current ones, which authors expect will be crucial in adjusting the well deliverability to optimum frequencies on the rapidly changing conditions of tight oil wells. Actual production data for an unconventional well was used, covering from the start of Natural Flow production up to 120 days afterwards. Simulating what the production would be if a VFD running on IMP Optimization algorithms had been installed, new values for well flowing pressures were calculated, daily production scenarios were evaluated, and recommended operating frequencies were plotted. Result, observations, and conclusions: A. Using the Intelligent Maximum Production (IMP) algorithm allows maximum production from tight oil wells during the initial high production stage, and the prevention of gas-locking at later stages when gas production increases. B. The adjustment of frequency at later stages for GOR wells is key to maintaining maximum production while controlling free gas at the intake when compared against controlling the surface choke. Novel/additive information: The use of Electrical Submersible Pumps for the production of unconventional wells paired with the use of a VFD and properly designed control algorithms allows faster recovery of investment by pumping maximum allowable daily rates while constraining detrimental conditions such as free gas at the intake.

scholarly journals Bioreactor Operating Strategies for Improved Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Productivity

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Blunt ◽  
David Levin ◽  
Nazim Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Continuous Bioreactor ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Production ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable polymers that may alleviate some of the environmental burden of petroleum-derived polymers. The requirements for carbon substrates and energy for bioreactor operations are major factors contributing to the high production costs and environmental impact of PHAs. Improving the process productivity is an important aspect of cost reduction, which has been attempted using a variety of fed-batch, continuous, and semi-continuous bioreactor systems, with variable results. The purpose of this review is to summarize the bioreactor operations targeting high PHA productivity using pure cultures. The highest volumetric PHA productivity was reported more than 20 years ago for poly(3-hydroxybutryate) (PHB) production from sucrose (5.1 g L−1 h−1). In the time since, similar results have not been achieved on a scale of more than 100 L. More recently, a number fed-batch and semi-continuous (cyclic) bioreactor operation strategies have reported reasonably high productivities (1 g L−1 h−1 to 2 g L−1 h−1) under more realistic conditions for pilot or industrial-scale production, including the utilization of lower-cost waste carbon substrates and atmospheric air as the aeration medium, as well as cultivation under non-sterile conditions. Little development has occurred in the area of fully continuously fed bioreactor systems over the last eight years.

scholarly journals USE OF ZEOLITE IS ACTIVATED AS SUBSTITUTION OF CEMENT FOR PRICE AND COST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nurfiki Alwi ◽  
Arif Rahman Setiaji ◽  
Abdurrohim Kurnia Agung ◽  
Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
High Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cement Compounds

The number of economic needs is one of the fundamental aspects to support the survival of every individual in an area.  If seen in general, the cost of building the building and residential community still use building materials and installation costs are relatively higher.  With the advancement of technology has found a lightweight brick that has better strength, lighter, faster installation and environmentally friendly, so many people began to switch to using lightweight bricks.  For now the price of lightweight brick is still expensive, but this deficiency is covered with the speed of mounting and light weight so overall lightweight brick usage on certain patterns is very profitable.  The use of cement on lightweight bricks leads to high production costs.  With the above problems we have a breakthrough to replace the cement by using zeozolites containing silica compounds that resemble one of the cement compounds.  In this research, cement replacement with Zeolite is 20%, 40% and 60%.  Before use Zeolite was first activated using Fly Ash ratio of 65% Zeolite: 35% Fly Ash and 50% Zeolite: 50% Fly Ash, also activated using Ca (OH) 2 ratio 65% Zeolite: 35% Ca (OH) 2  And 50% Zeolite: 50% Ca (OH) 2.  Thus, there are 15 compositions including the control composition, each composition will be made up of 10 specimens.  Hypothesis testing using two way anova, tested is the effect of cement change treatment with Zeolite and comparison of Zeolite composition with Fly Ash and Ca (OH) 2 to compressive strength, absorption and cost. Keywords: Zeolite, Cement, compressive strength, Cost

scholarly journals Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery: An Overview and Challenges

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Priyanka Prakash ◽  
Wing-Hin Lee ◽  
Ching-Yee Loo ◽  
Hau Seung Jeremy Wong ◽  
Thaigarajan Parumasivam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
High Production ◽  
The Many

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polymers produced under specific conditions by certain organisms, primarily bacteria, as a source of energy. These up-and-coming bioplastics are an undeniable asset in enhancing the effectiveness of drug delivery systems, which demand characteristics like non-immunogenicity, a sustained and controlled drug release, targeted delivery, as well as a high drug loading capacity. Given their biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and compatibility with hydrophobic drugs, PHAs often provide a superior alternative to free drug therapy or treatments using other polymeric nanocarriers. The many formulation methods of existing PHA nanocarriers, such as emulsion solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, dialysis, and in situ polymerization, are explained in this review. Due to their flexibility that allows for a vessel tailormade to its intended application, PHA nanocarriers have found their place in diverse therapy options like anticancer and anti-infective treatments, which are among the applications of PHA nanocarriers discussed in this article. Despite their many positive attributes, the advancement of PHA nanocarriers to clinical trials of drug delivery applications has been stunted due to the polymers’ natural hydrophobicity, controversial production materials, and high production costs, among others. These challenges are explored in this review, alongside their existing solutions and alternatives.

scholarly journals Developing Ceramic Textured Matt Glazes Using Omani Plant Ash: The Contributions of Art Education Teachers

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
BADAR ALMAMARI
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Ceramic Art ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
High Production ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Crop Waste ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Plant Ash

<p>It is widely known that ready-made glazes are hugely expensive, in spite of their widespread availability in Oman. Most students of ceramic art, at various levels of education, depend on foreign materials rather than local materials, which has resulted in high production costs. As an environmentally diverse country, Oman has great potential to take advantage of local crop waste plant waste by using it to make attractive ceramic glazes. Ann experimental study conducted at the ceramic studio in Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) led to the development of some excellent recipes for ceramic glazes using 20% to 30% ash. This study has helped to convert Omani plant waste into textured matt ceramic glazes, which are otherwise expensive to procure for educational and commercial purposes.</p>

Textile Based Electrodes for Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries: New updates

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alahmed ◽  
Emel Ceyhun Sabır
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Flexible Electrodes ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Production

: The electrodes are the basis for building flexible lithium-ion batteries (FLIBs), and many attempts have been made to develop flexible electrodes with high efficiency in terms of electrical conductivity, chemical and mechanical properties. Most studies showed relatively satisfactory results when testing the electrochemical properties of laboratory-produced electrodes, but most of these electrodes could not meet the expected requirements of flexible electrodes in practical applications. Quantitative production faces many problems that must be overcome, such as the gradual decline in electrochemical performance, deformation of the electrode structure, high production costs, and difficulties in the production process itself. In this research, developments in the production of flexible electrodes, especially those that depend on carbon materials and metal nanoparticles, will be discussed and summarized in this research. The electrochemical performance and stability of the produced flexible electrodes will be compared. The factors contributing to the progress in the production of flexible lithium-ion batteries will also be discussed.

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