Improved Raoultella planticola Strains for the Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Glycerol

Raw glycerol is an industrial byproduct from biodiesel production and is one of the most promising substrates for 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) production; however, 2,3-BD is not yet produced by fermentation from glycerol on a commercial scale due to poor process economics. Class 1 microorganism collections were screened and Raoultella planticola strain CECT 843 proved to be the best 2,3-BD producer, achieving (23.3 ± 1.4) g 2,3-BD per L and a yield of 36% (g 2,3-BD per g glycerol). To further increase product concentration and yield, R. planticola CEC T843 was subjected to random mutagenesis using ultra-violet (UV) light and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Two mutant strains were found to produce at least 30% more 2,3-BD than the wild type: R. planticola IA1 [(30.8 ± 3.9) g 2,3-BD per L and 49% yield] and R. planticola IIIA3 [(30.5 ± 0.4) g 2,3-BD per L and 49% yield].

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Effect of Pre-Harvest Supplemental UV-A/Blue and Red/Blue LED Lighting on Lettuce Growth and Nutritional Quality

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7040080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Triston Hooks ◽

Joseph Masabni ◽

Ling Sun ◽

Genhua Niu

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Uv Light ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photon Flux Density ◽

Daily Light Integral ◽

Lettuce Growth ◽

Supplemental Lighting

Blue light and ultra-violet (UV) light have been shown to influence plant growth, morphology, and quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-harvest supplemental lighting using UV-A and blue (UV-A/Blue) light and red and blue (RB) light on growth and nutritional quality of lettuce grown hydroponically in two greenhouse experiments. The RB spectrum was applied pre-harvest for two days or nights, while the UV-A/Blue spectrum was applied pre-harvest for two or four days or nights. All pre-harvest supplemental lighting treatments had a same duration of 12 h with a photon flux density (PFD) of 171 μmol m−2 s−1. Results of both experiments showed that pre-harvest supplemental lighting using UV A/Blue or RB light can increase the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce grown hydroponically. The enhancement of lettuce growth and nutritional quality by the pre-harvest supplemental lighting was more effective under low daily light integral (DLI) compared to a high DLI and tended to be more effective when applied during the night, regardless of spectrum.

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Study on the Visual Response of Frankliniella occidentalis to Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy with Different Wavelength Ranges

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy ◽

10.1166/jbmb.2021.2082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 497-503

Author(s):

Qihang Liu ◽

Yueli Jiang ◽

Mingqian Zhao ◽

Jin Miao ◽

Zhongjun Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Light ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Uv Light ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Selection Response ◽

Visual Sensitivity ◽

Light Energy ◽

Visual Response ◽

Response Effect

To understand the visual sensitivity of western flower thrips to 350–450 nm light, we examined thrips selective response effect and the effect of white light on thrips visual response effect. The results showed that the visual selection response to Ultra Violet (UV) light at 360–365 nm, the approach sensitivity to 380–385 nm light with 6000 lx was respectively the best (15.59, 7.26%), while under light energy, both of them to 360–365 nm light with 60 mW/cm2 were the best (20.04, 11.13%). Under contrast white light, the most sensitive UV spectra of thrips respectively caused by illumination, light energy was 380–385, 360–365 nm, and white light enhanced thrips visual response effect to UV light, which further increased by the increasing intensity, showing that under illumination, the visual response effect to 380–385 nm light with 6000 lx was the best (51.21,69.78%), while that to 360–365 nm light with 60 mW/cm2 were the best (43.98, 65.68%), originated from the different intensity spread by light energy and illumination. These results indicate that the change of photo-stimulus intensity property can regulated thrips visual sensitivity to enhance the phototactic effect.

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Value-Added Products from Urea Glycerolysis Using a Heterogeneous Biosolids-Based Catalyst

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8090373 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 373 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mattia Bartoli ◽

Chengyong Zhu ◽

Michael Chae ◽

David Bressler

Keyword(s):

Weight Ratio ◽

Value Added ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Thermal Hydrolysis ◽

Process Economics ◽

Air Stream ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Value Added Products

Although thermal hydrolysis of digested biosolids is an extremely promising strategy for wastewater management, the process economics are prohibitive. Here, a biosolids-based material generated through thermal hydrolysis was used as a catalyst for urea glycerolysis performed under several conditions. The catalytic system showed remarkable activity, reaching conversion values of up to 70.8 ± 0.9% after six hours, at 140 °C using a catalyst/glycerol weight ratio of 9% and an air stream to remove NH3 formed during the process. Temperature played the most substantial role among reaction parameters; increasing temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C improved conversion by 35% and glycidol selectivity by 22%. Furthermore, the catalyst retained good activity even after the fourth catalytic run (conversion rate of 56.4 ± 1.3%) with only a slight decrease in glycidol selectivity. Thus, the use of a biosolids-based catalyst may facilitate conversion of various glycerol sources (i.e., byproduct streams from biodiesel production) into value-added products such as glycidol, and may also improve the economic feasibility of using thermal hydrolysis for treatment of biosolids.

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Observations of TiO2 Surfaces Using Totally Reflected X-ray In-plane Diffraction Under UV Irradiation

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-751-z3.47 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 751 ◽

Author(s):

T. Horiuchi ◽

H. Ochi ◽

K. Kaisei ◽

K. Ishida ◽

K. Matsushige

Keyword(s):

Uv Irradiation ◽

Uv Light ◽

Plane Surface ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

High Surface ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

High Signal ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Catalytic Activities

ABSTRACTSurface lattice displacements of titanium dioxide (TiO2: rutile) during ultra-violet (UV) light irradiation have been investigated using a total reflection x-ray diffraction, which provides a high signal to noise ratio (S/N) and superior in-plane surface diffraction. Under the environments in vapors of H2O, CH3OH, C2H5OH and C3H6OH, the photo-catalytic activities of TiO2 (110), (100) and (001) surfaces subject to UV irradiation have been measured. It is found that the diffraction peaks and their full width half maxima (FWHMs) show some peculiarities with respect to the photo-catalytic activities in both surface lattices and adsorbed molecules in vapors. Furthermore, Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) has showed that there exists a very high surface potential, probably due to surface atom displacements induced by UV irradiation. With regard to the origin of the photo-catalytic activities, the induced surface potentials are discussed.

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DAYA PATOGENESITAS Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus HaNPV SETELAH TERKENA RADIASI SINAR ULTRAVIOLET

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.6.1.20008 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Mahanani Tri Asri ◽

Isnawati Isnawati

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽

Uv Light ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Ultra Violet Light ◽

Violet Light ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera ◽

Polyhedrosis Virus ◽

Nuclear Polyhedrosis

This research is about pathogen capacity of the Helicoverpa armigera nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV) after irradiation by ultra violet (UV) light. The HaNPV is the one kind of the virus which attack the insect Helicoverpa armigera-attacker the some species of the crop life tobacco, cotton, potato, tomato. Because of that the HaNPV can be used as the biological control of the pest. Some researcher stated that the pathogen capacity of the HaNPV is decrease if the virus was expose in the ultra violet (UV) light. Because of the fact the virus in not useful as the biological control of the pest in the land corp. This research to test the statement. Laboratory experimental was done to tested the pathogen capacity of the HaNPV after irradiation treatment by the ultra violet light. The intensity of the UV light in this experiment were 28.7 lux, 97.3 lux, and 127.4 lux with the lighting period were 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. The result of the research stated that the pathogen capacity of the HaNPV was not influenced by ultra violet light. So the virus is still useful as the biological control of the pest in the land crop.

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Morphologic, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO-TiO2 Sol-Gel System

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 762 ◽

pp. 278-282

Author(s):

Anzelms Zukuls ◽

Gundars Mežinskis ◽

Aigars Reinis ◽

Ingus Skadins ◽

Juta Kroica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Uv Light ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Properties Of Coatings ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Glass Slides ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Colour Changes

Prepared and heat-treated sol-gel ZnO-TiO2 coatings onto microscope glass slides were characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as absorption spectra of light has been obtained. Thermally treated xerogels were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD). As well as their photocatalytic activity using methyl orange (MO) and observing the colour changes over the time in visible light (VIS) and ultra violet (UV) light has been determined. The influence of ZnO concentration on morphology, photocatalytic activity and antibacterial properties of coatings was analysed. The growth of S. epidermidis on the surface of the samples was inhibited due to photocatalytic properties of coatings.

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Photo-Electron Emission Microscopy of Semiconductor Surfaces

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600023151 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 606-607

Author(s):

R.J. Nemanich ◽

S.L. English ◽

J.D. Hartman ◽

W. Yang ◽

H. Ade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Emission ◽

Imaging System ◽

Uv Light ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Electron Optics ◽

Light Sources ◽

Emission Microscopy ◽

Electron Imaging ◽

Crucial Part

The technique of photo-electron emission microscopy (PEEM) is based on imaging of photo excited electrons from a surface. Typically ultra violet (UV) light above the work function of a metal will cause electrons to be emitted from a surface. Since photo excited electrons originate very near to the surface, they essentially reflect the electronic structure of the surface. These electrons may be accelerated and imaged, and the image will reflect the properties of the surface.While the PEEM technique has been understood in a basic sense for many years, it has been limited by the lack of high intensity UV light sources. The most crucial part of the electron imaging system for PEEM, the objective lens, is essentially the same as for the sister technique of low energy electron microscopy (LEEM), and advances in electron optics capabilities have been exploited both for LEEM and for PEEM.

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Effect of UV-Light Treatment on Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13051069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sangmo Kim ◽

Hoang Van Quy ◽

Hyung Wook Choi ◽

Chung Wung Bark

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Uv Light ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Light Sources ◽

Perovskite Layer ◽

Solar Conversion ◽

Solar Conversion Efficiency

We employed ultra-violet (UV) light treatment on the TiO2 layer prior to coating the perovskite layer to improve the solar conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A laboratory-made UV treatment system was equipped with various UV light sources (8 W power; maximum wavelengths of 254, 302, and 365 nm). The UV light treatment improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) while coating the uniformity layer and removing impurities from the surface of cells. After the PSCs were exposed to UV light, their PCE developed approximately 10% efficiency; PBI2 decreased without changing the structure.

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UV Irradiated Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Change in the Mechanical Properties by Local HarmoniX Atomic Force Microscopy Detection

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12060962 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 962 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liberata Guadagno ◽

Carlo Naddeo ◽

Marialuigia Raimondo ◽

Vito Speranza ◽

Roberto Pantani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Uv Light ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽

Free Standing ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Acquisition Mode

Epoxy based coatings are susceptible to ultra violet (UV) damage and their durability can be significantly reduced in outdoor environments. This paper highlights a relevant property of graphene-based nanoparticles: Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) incorporated in an epoxy-based free-standing film determine a strong decrease of the mechanical damages caused by UV irradiation. The effects of UV light on the morphology and mechanical properties of the solidified nanocharged epoxy films are investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), in the acquisition mode “HarmoniX.” Nanometric-resolved maps of the mechanical properties of the multi-phase material evidence that the incorporation of low percentages, between 0.1% and 1.0% by weight, of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the polymeric film causes a relevant enhancement in the mechanical stability of the irradiated films. The beneficial effect progressively increases with increasing GNP percentage. The paper also highlights the potentiality of AFM microscopy, in the acquisition mode “HarmoniX” for studying multiphase polymeric systems.

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