scholarly journals Nutrient Content of Micro/Baby-Green and Field-Grown Mature Foliage of Tropical Spinach (Amaranthus sp.) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2546
Author(s):  
Albert Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Rutgers University ◽  
Foliar Tissue ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Total Fat

Micro/baby-greens are gaining popularity in human diets as functional foods that deliver superior nutritional values and health benefits to consumers. This study conducted multiple times between 2017 and 2019 under greenhouse conditions and in the field at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, showed that micro/baby-greens from tropical spinach (Amaranthus sp.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are rich in digestible carbohydrates, digestible protein, and dietary fiber. On dry weight basis, both vegetables have high relative percentages of P, K, and Mg; and relatively high ppm Fe, Mn, and Zn. Foliage tissues of both species are relatively low in total fat, Ca, and Cu. Between 10 and 20 days after sowing (DAS), percent digestible carbohydrates in fresh foliar tissue increased 100% in tropical spinach and 50% in roselle, while digestible protein dropped 21% in tropical spinach and 50% in roselle. Compared to field grown mature foliage, greenhouse-grown micro/baby-greens were lower in digestible carbohydrates and Ca but higher in digestible protein, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn.

Patterns of nutrient concentration in basidiocarps in western Washington

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Vogt ◽  
R. L. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Lignicolous Fungi ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Armillariella Mellea

Fruiting bodies and forest floor samples were collected and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na content in red alder, Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and Pacific silver fir ecosystems in western Washington. Different genera and species of fungi showed wide variation in the capability of concentrating nutrients within their fruiting bodies. Ranges of nutrient content for fruiting bodies were 0.66–11.27% N, 0.04–2.39% P, 7 – 32 080 ppm Ca, 2975 – 57 404 ppm K, 10–7096 ppm Mg, 3–1727 ppm Mn, 15–3975 ppm Fe, 18–6763 ppm Na, and 15–278 ppm Zn. Nitrogen, P, and K were concentrated in significantly higher levels in fruiting bodies versus the forest floor in all ecosystems. Nitrogen and K were concentrated at levels higher than 1% while P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na were concentrated at levels less than 1% of the dry weight of the fruiting bodies. Calcium was not concentrated by fungi in sporocarps, except for Armillariella mellea rhizomorphs (3.2% on dry weight basis). Lignicolous fungi were lower in N and K than nonlignicolous fungi.

scholarly journals Stabilitas Hasil Sepuluh Genotipe Rosela Herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa) di Daerah Pengembangan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Untung Setyo-Budi ◽  
. Marjani ◽  
Rully Dyah Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Food And Beverage

<p>Rosela herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa L.) baru berkembang secara komersial di Indonesia sejak 2005 untuk makanan dan minuman kesehatan. Keunggulan rosela herbal terletak pada kandungan vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B, dan bahan aktif (asam amino) seperti antosianin, gossypektine, glucoside hibiscin, dan flavonoid. Uji stabiltas hasil yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh beberapa genotipe unggul harapan rose-la herbal dilaksanakan di sembilan lokasi yakni Kabupaten: Malang, Blitar, Kediri, Situbondo, Grobogan, Ken-dal, dan Pati selama tiga tahun yakni dari tahun 2009–2012. Pada uji ini digunakan 10 genotipe rosela herbal yang ditanam pada petak berukuran 45 m2 (120 tan./plot). Pengujian ini menggunakan rancangan acak ke-lompok dengan 3 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah kapsul per tanaman, bo-bot 100 kelopak kering, hasil kapsul segar, kelopak segar, dan kelopak kering per ha. Analisa kandungan nu-trisi terhadap kelopak bunga rosela dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia (MIPA) Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Pendugaan interaksi genotipe dengan lingkungan dilakukan dengan analisis gabungan semua lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe 455 (hijau), 1575 (merah), 1596 (ungu), dan 678-U (ungu) memiliki potensi hasil kelopak kering dan kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi de-ngan daya adaptasi luas. Potensi produksi kelopak kering genotipe-genotipe tersebut berturut-turut adalah: 544,98 kg; 478,60 kg; 554,73 kg; dan 471,46 kg per ha dengan kandungan vit. C/antosianin (mg/100 g ke-lopak kering): 345,40 mg/1,442 mg; 2.033,52 mg/14,697 mg; 188,00 mg/0,003 mg; 988,68 mg/9,814 mg.</p><p> </p><p>Herb roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa L.) is commercially planted in Indonesia since 2005 for the food and beverage health. Roselle herbal contents C, A, and B vitamins and other active ingredients (amino acids) as anthocyanin, gossypectine, hibiscin glucoside, and flavonoids. Stabilty trials results aimed to obtain superior genotypes of roselle herbs were conducted at nine locations (districts) namely: Malang, Blitar, Kediri, Situbondo, Grobogan, Kendal, and Pati for three years (2009–2012). Ten roselle herbs genotypes were tested in this experiment, planted in 45 m2 plots (120 plants/plot). The research was arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Parameters observed were: plant height, number of capsules per plant, dry weight of 100 calyx, weight of fresh capsules, fresh calyxs, and dried calyx per ha. Analysis of nutrient contents of roselle calyx was conducted at the Laboratory of Chemistry (MIPA) State Islamic University (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Estimation of genotype by environment interaction is done by combined analysis of data from all locations. Experimental results showed that genotypes 455 (green), 1575 (red), 1596 (purple), and 678-N (purple) have the potential of dried calyx and high nutrient content with wide adaptability, with dried calyx production potency is: 544.98 kg, 478.60 kg, 554.73 kg, and 471.46 kg per ha respectively. The content of vitamin C/anthocyanins (mg/100 g dried calyx) are: 345.40 mg/1.442 mg, 2,033.52 mg/14.697 mg, 188.00 mg/0.003 mg, and 988.68 mg/9.814 mg respectively.</p>

ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH HERBAGE DISSECTION ANALYSES 2. Problems of species identification

1976 ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
I.M. Ritchie ◽  
C.C. Boswell ◽  
A.M. Badland
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Leaf Fragment ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Botanical Analysis

HERBACE DISSECTION is the process in which samples of herbage cut from trials are separated by hand into component species. Heavy reliance is placed on herbage dissection as an analytical tool ,in New Zealand, and in the four botanical analysis laboratories in the Research Division of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries about 20 000 samples are analysed each year. In the laboratory a representative subsample is taken by a rigorous quartering procedure until approximately 400 pieces of herbage remain. Each leaf fragment is then identified to species level or groups of these as appropriate. The fractions are then dried and the composition calculated on a percentage dry weight basis. The accuracy of the analyses of these laboratories has been monitored by a system of interchanging herbage dissection samples between them. From this, the need to separate subsampling errors from problems of plant identification was, appreciated and some of this work is described here.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) – Preliminary Results

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Kayal ◽  
D. W. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Results of the analysis of twenty-three composite sediment samples revealed that PAHs are widely distributed in the Brisbane River estuary. Mean concentrations for individual compounds, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 0.03 µg/g for dibenz [ah] anthracene to 2.34 µg/g for fluoranthene. Observed PAH assemblages were rich in compounds having pyrolytic origins. However, the presence of petroleum derived compounds was indicative of the importance of petroleum as a PAH source in the estuary. Petroleum refineries, a coal loading terminal and a major treated sewage outfall located at the mouth were not indicated as major contributing sources of PAH pollution in the estuary.

Mineral nutrition, dinitrogen fixation, and growth of Alnuscrispa and Alnusglutinosa

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prégent ◽  
C. Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
N Status

Invitro cultures of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh and Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn. were used to estimate critical foliage levels of selected nutrients for optimal growth and dinitrogen (N2) fixation. For A. crispa to obtain 90% of maximum growth and N2 fixation, foliar levels of 0.12% P, 0.13% Mg, <0.31% K, and <0.04% Ca on a dry weight basis were needed. For A. glutinosa, the critical levels were 0.138% P, 0.10% Mg, 0.29% Ca, and ~0.20% K. From all the deficiencies observed, P had the more pronounced effects on N status of both species.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khaled ◽  
H.A. Fawy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
A Minor

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

SOLUBLE SUGAR CHANGES OCCURRING DURING COLD HARDENING OF SPRING WHEAT, FALL RYE AND ALFALFA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Spring Type

Alfa, a relatively nonhardy alfalfa cultivar continued to accumulate, on a dry weight basis, fructose, α- and β-D-glucose, sucrose and maltose during the latter stages of cold hardening. Rambler, a hardier alfalfa cultivar conversely showed a decrease for these soluble sugars with hardening. Frontier rye, a very hardy winter habit cereal showed decreases in these soluble sugars plus melibiose during the same hardening period. These results support the hypothesis that hardy cereals and alfalfa undergo a decrease in soluble sugars with hardening, while less hardy cereals and alfalfa continue to increase in content of soluble sugars. Manitou wheat appeared not to fit this hypothesis and showed the decreased soluble sugars usually associated with hardy cultivars. Although Manitou is a spring type wheat, one of its parents, Thatcher, does contain gene(s) for the winter habit.Key words: Sugar, cold hardening, wheat, rye, alfalfa

scholarly journals THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF RHODOPSIN AND THE NATURE OF THE RHODOPSIN-DIGITONIN COMPLEX

1954 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sedimentation Behavior ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Single Boundary ◽  
Stoichiometric Complex

The sedimentation behavior of aqueous solutions of digitonin and of cattle rhodopsin in digitonin has been examined in the ultracentrifuge. In confirmation of earlier work, digitonin was found to sediment as a micelle (D-1) with an s20 of about 6.35 Svedberg units, and containing at least 60 molecules. The rhodopsin solutions sediment as a stoichiometric complex of rhodopsin with digitonin (RD-1) with an s20 of about 9.77 Svedberg units. The s20 of the RD-1 micelle is constant between pH 6.3 and 9.6, and in the presence of excess digitonin. RD-1 travels as a single boundary also in the electrophoresis apparatus at pH 8.5, and on filter paper at pH 8.0. The molecular weight of the RD-1 micelle lies between 260,000 and 290,000. Of this, only about 40,000 gm. are due to rhodopsin; the rest is digitonin (180 to 200 moles). Comparison of the relative concentrations of RD-1 and retinene in solutions of rhodopsin-digitonin shows that RD-1 contains only one retinene equivalent. It can therefore contain only one molecule of rhodopsin with a molecular weight of about 40,000. Cattle rhodopsin therefore contains only one chromophore consisting of a single molecule of retinene. It is likely that frog rhodopsin has a similar molecular weight and also contains only one chromophore per molecule. The molar extinction coefficient of rhodopsin is therefore identical with the extinction coefficient per mole of retinene (40,600 cm.2 per mole) and the E(1 per cent, 1 cm., 500 mµ) has a value of about 10. Rhodopsin constitutes about 14 per cent of the dry weight, and 3.7 per cent of the wet weight of cattle outer limbs. This corresponds to about 4.2 x 106 molecules of rhodopsin per outer limb. The rhodopsin content of frog outer limbs is considerably higher: about 35 per cent of the dry weight, and 10 per cent of the wet weight, corresponding to about 2.1 x 109 molecules per outer limb. Thus the frog outer limb contains about five hundred times as much rhodopsin as the cattle outer limb. But the relative volumes of these structures are such that the ratio of concentrations is only about 2.5 to 1 on a weight basis. Rhodopsin accounts for at least one-fifth of the total protein of the cattle outer limb; for the frog, this value must be higher. The extinction (K500) along its axis is about 0.037 cm.2 for the cattle outer limb, and about 0.50 cm.2 for the frog outer limb.

scholarly journals Effect of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient content of eucalyptus minicuttings in nutrient solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
José Pereira Carvalho Neto ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Reynaldo Campos Santana ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Adequate Nutrient ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Adequate nutrient levels in plants vary according to the species or clone, age and management practice. Therefore, adjustments of the nutrient solution are often necessary according to the plant material for multiplication. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient contents of eucalyptus cuttings in nutrient solution. The study was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized fractional factorial (4 x 4 x 4)½, with a total of 32 treatments with three replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) as urea, P (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg L-1) in the form of phosphoric acid and K (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) in the form of potassium chloride in the nutrient solution. Only the effect of N alone was significant for the number and dry weight of minicuttings per ministump, with a linear decreasing effect with increasing N levels. The highest number of cuttings was obtained at a dose of 50, 7.5 and 50 mg L-1 of N, P and K, respectively.

Influence of Temperature and Water Activity on Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seeds and Meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1040-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. KOEHLER ◽  
L. R. BEUCHAT ◽  
M. S. CHHINNAN
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

Experiments were done to determine the influence of temperature (21, 30 and 37°C) and aw (0.76 to 0.98) on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds, meal and meal supplemented with onion. Larger quantities of aflatoxin were produced at 21 and 30°C than at 37°C. The highest amount of aflatoxin (2777 μg/20 g, dry weight basis) was observed in meal containing onion at aw 0.98 after 20 d of incubation at 21°C. A level of 870 |μg/20 g was detected in seeds at aw 0.95 after 14 d of incubation at 30°C. Meal at aw 0.96 supported production of 551 μg of aflatoxin per 20 g after 20 d at 30° C. Temperature had little influence on the optimal aw for aflatoxin production in cowpea meal. However, an increase in temperature resulted in a decreased optimal aw for aflatoxin production on whole cowpeas. When known quantities of aflatoxin were added to cowpea meal which was subsequently steamed for 5 min, only 29% was extractable using a variety of procedures, indicating that the toxin may be bound in some manner to cowpea constituents as a result of heat treatment.

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