Occurrence and Residue Concentration of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food of Animal Origin; Human Exposure Assessment

Occurring central Italy, 262 unmedicated feed samples and 353 samples of animal tissues and eggs are tested for coccidiostats between 2012 and 2017. A validated multi-residue HPLC-MS/MS method is applied for the simultaneous determination of the 11 coccidiostats licensed in the EU. The dietary exposure to coccidiostats through poultry meat and eggs is calculated for high consumers, and the contribution to acceptable daily intake of coccidiostats is evaluated. The occurrence of positive feed samples ranges from 17.2% in 2012 to 28.3% in 2017, with an average percentage of positive samples of 25%, while 3.8% of feed samples are non-compliant with a concentration ranging from 0.015 mg/kg for diclazuril to 56 mg/kg for narasin. Positive samples of animal tissues, on average, are 34.7%, fully compliant, while 16% of eggs are positive and violative residues are found in 2%. These noncompliant samples show a concentration varying from 2.4 µg/kg to 1002 µg/kg. The contribution of poultry meat and egg consumption to the acceptable daily intake of each coccidiostat is below 1%, highlighting a low direct risk to public health.

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Evaluation of Meat Used for Human Consumption in Latvia

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-012-0001-4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 87-95

Author(s):

Aleksandrs Jemeļjanovs ◽

Inese Zītare ◽

Ināra Helēna Konošonoka ◽

Vera Krastiņa ◽

Lîga Proškina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Consumption ◽

Production Costs ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Beef Breed ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Cattle Herds

Over the last decade in Latvia, the production levels of beef, pork and poultry meat have been dramatically reduced. The yearly meat consumption per capita in Latvia is about 60 kg. Traditionally, pig meat consumption is higher than consumption of bovine meat, which has higher production costs. Lower priced meat from European countries is imported and placed on the market in Latvia. The Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra”, Latvia, LUA, performs important research on meat quality and acquisition of safe and healthy food of animal origin. Cattle herds of meat breed are highly varied both from the aspect of animals and the quality of the sold meat produce. In meat of bovine animals, the settling of cholesterol on the blood vessel walls is precluded by 5.4-8.13% ω-3 and 12.97-16.27% ω-6 on average. The meat of the beef breed cattle contains wholesome proportions of proteins, fatty acids in quantities sufficient for humans, a relatively low cholesterol level (about 77 mg%) and good qualities of the culinary flavours and aromas. There are on-going research studies on the quality of meat of different pig breeds and their influencing factors, as well as on acquisition of meet in accordance with the consumer requirements. Extensive research is carried out also on the quality of broiler meat, with the target of acquisition of new quality meat. Assessment of the role of game meat in human consumption and the hygiene aspects of its acquisition are also included. Due to the development of heliculture in Latvia, the assessment of snail meat and its role in human consumption has also been launched.

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Selenium in poultry nutrition: a review

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/7730-cjas ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 495-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

P. Suchý ◽

E. Straková ◽

I. Herzig

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Direct Link ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Meat And Eggs ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Selenium has been known for two centuries and its biological activities have been studied for nearly a hundred years, however the problem of Se deficit has still been persisting both in humans and animals. The cause of Se deficit in animals may be low Se level in soil. This mainly applies to cattle and sheep with their direct link to soil via roughage. The risk of Se deficit in pigs and poultry is lower due to lower dependence on soil Se level in the region and Se fortification in feed mixes. The present research focuses on the effects of Se on meat and egg quality, antioxidant activity of Se, effects on fatty acid levels, activity of glutathione-peroxidase, or the effect of Se on the immune system. Ensuring natural Se supply in human nutrition by food of animal origin, mainly poultry meat and eggs (the “functional foods”), is another area to which extensive attention has recently been paid.  

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Sulfonamides in Tomato from Commercial Greenhouses Irrigated with Reclaimed Wastewater: Uptake, Translocation and Food Safety

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11051016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1016

Author(s):

Raquel Camacho-Arévalo ◽

Carlos García-Delgado ◽

Begoña Mayans ◽

Rafael Antón-Herrero ◽

Jaime Cuevas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Acceptable Daily Intake ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Sulfonamide Antibiotics ◽

Tomato Crop

The presence of antibiotics in crops is mainly caused by their irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and by the use of organic amendments of animal origin. During this work, the fate of sulfonamide antibiotics in tomato crop has been assessed in two commercial greenhouses located in Almería (Spain) irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Samplings were made annually for two years. Sulfonamides in several parts of the plant (roots, leaves and fruits) as well as reclaimed wastewater, amendments and soils were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that sulfonamides accumulated in soils (sulfamethoxazole between 2 and 14 µg Kg−1; sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine and sulfadimethoxine in concentrations below 1 µg Kg−1) were in the reclaimed wastewater at concentrations in the ng L−1 range. Their distribution in plants depended on the sulfonamide. The sulfonamides detected in tomato were sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethazole, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine. Sulfamethoxazole was the antibiotic with highest concentration in tomato fruit, exceeding 30 µg Kg−1. All sulfonamides were below the Acceptable Daily Intake, however, further studies and legislation are needed to assure food safety.

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Y2k... 2000 and dioxins. a part of our natural ecosystem

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15672 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

A. E. TYRPENOU

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

High Concentrations ◽

To Come

The new millennium, Y2k as it is internationally symbolized, has come closer, and as doomsayers use to say "Plan for the worst in order to hope for the best". Starting up from the scandal of the identification of high concentrations of dioxin residues in foods of animal origin, it is imperative to refer to this group of chemical pollutants which they have been, they are and they will be the focus of the interest for many years to come. Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins [PCDDs] and polychlorinated dibenzofuranes [PCDFs] are by-products of industrial processes for the production of organochlorine pesticides [OCPs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], wood conservation industries, chlorine bleaching of pulp and paper industries, but also the result of municipal solid waste management [MSW] with special attention to recycling processes whose environmental emission are extremely high. From the other hand, we should have to realize that dioxins have been a natural contaminant of our environment for more than 60 million years. Taking into consideration the Tolerable Daily Intake [TDI], which has been set to 1 pg-4pg I-TEQ/kg.b.w. [quantity which includes together dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls], based on their mode of action and toxicity, it is obvious that the measures which the competent authorities of every country have to put in place for the control of raw materials and food of animal origin, should have to be strict, systematic, permanent and reliable so that they safeguard consumer's health as better as they can.

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How a routine checking of Escherichia coli in retailed food of animal origin can protect consumers against exposition to Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes?

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1008627t ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (8) ◽

pp. 627-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ljiljana Trajkovic-Pavlovic ◽

Budimka Novakovic ◽

Mirjana Martinov-Cvejin ◽

Vera Gusman ◽

Sanja Bijelovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Food Safety ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Plate Count ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Background/Aim. According to the literature that has been published over the last two decades Campylobacter spp i Listeria monocitogens can be identified as causes of numerous diseases derived by consuming food of animal origin. The purpose of this paper was to find out how established national microbiological criteria of the Republic of Serbia on food safety in retailed food of animal origin could contribute to consumer's protection against exposition to foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Methods. During a routine microbiological safety control of randomly selected 60 samples of fresh poultry meat, 30 samples of other fresh meat readymade for grilling, 30 samples of sausage products, 37 samples of heattreated meat, 39 samples of toppings for fast food of animal origin and 31 samples of dairy products a national food safety criteria (Escherichia coli, aerobic plate count, Salmonella spp., coagulasa positive Staphylococcus, Proteus spp., sulphitoreducting Clostridia) were applied and, as well as, testing to Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocitogens. In determination of Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, food quality control methods of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) were applied, while in determination of the other above motioned bacteria, national provisions on microbiological methods were applied who are adjusted to the FAO ones. Results. Related to the national criteria on microbiological food safety, 88 (38.8%) samples, out of the total 227 tested, were rejected. When to these results, the results of laboratory tests on Listeria monocytogens were added, a terminal number of rejected samples were not changed. When to these results, the results of Campylobacter spp. testing were added, 91 (40.1%) out of the 227 samples were unsatisfied. Results of logistic regression model with occurrence of Escherichia coli as dependent variable indicated that Escherichia coli was 4.5 times likely to occur among samples with Campylobacter spp. than among samples without Campylobacter spp. (OR = 4.515, 95% CI: 1.019-20.002). Sensitivity of the fitted model (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.268) was 76.8% and its specificity was 75.0%. At the same time Escherichia coli was confound in all (100%) food samples that were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion. Statistical analysis indicated that Escherichia coli was completely sensitive to identify all samples contaminated with Listeria monocytogenas and highly sensitive to identify samples contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Nevertheless, 3 (1.3%) of the tested samples were not covered with Escherichia coli.

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Impact of hygienic slaughter practices on Salmonella contamination of broiler carcasses in Biskra, Algeria

Veterinarska stanica ◽

10.46419/vs.51.4.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 463-470

Author(s):

Nadjah Guergueb ◽

Laila Aoun ◽

Omar Bennoun ◽

Ammar Ayachi ◽

Ilhem Chachoua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

World Health ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Health Organization ◽

Live Bird

Poultry meat is the primary meat consumed in Algeria, surpassing sheep and beef in the 1980s. However, this product is often at risk of being contaminated by Salmonella. Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease with tens of millions of human cases estimated to occur worldwide, and resulting in more than a hundred thousand deaths per year. According to the World Health Organization, salmonellosis in humans is generally contracted through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin, including poultry. The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with Salmonella contamination of broiler carcasses at the slaughterhouse. Sixty fresh chicken carcasses from six slaughterhouses were subjected to bacteriological analysis in accordance with AFNOR (French Standardization Association) standards. Statistical analyses showed an impact of the hygienic quality of the slaughter process on the likelihood of Salmonella contamination of poultry meat. A correlation (r=0.84) was found between hygienic slaughter practices and Salmonella contamination of chicken carcasses. The average level of TAMB (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria) was high in carcasses positive for Salmonella (t-test = 0.019). Not washing live bird transport crates was associated with an increasing risk of Salmonella contamination carcasses (odds ratio/OR = 28). The mean level of TAMB was higher in the presence of the following risk factors: old and small slaughterhouse, not washing live bird transport crates, manual bleeding, scalding type (soaking), non-renewal of scalding water, no disinfectant in water, no ventilation drying, no sanitary facilities. The identification of risk factors responsible for bacterial contamination of broiler meat is essential to determine the most effective methods of prevention.

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Official control of ochratoxin A in food of animal origin in Poland between 2003 and 2012

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/bvip-2013-0090 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 519-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Henryka Wiśniewska-Dmytrow ◽

Jan Żmudzki ◽

Olga Burek ◽

Katarzyna Pietruszka

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Control Programme ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Immunoaffinity Column ◽

Animal Tissues ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Official Control ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Swine Kidney

Abstract Between 2003 and 2012, 1413 samples of kidneys, liver, and muscles from swine, cattle, sheep, horses, chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and fish were examined for the presence of ochratoxin A. The examination was performed in the framework of “The National Residue Control Programme for Chemical, Biological, and Drug Residue in Animal Tissues and in the Food of Animal Origin”. The mycotoxin was determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean up. The limit of quantification was 0.2 μg/kg. Ochratoxin A was found only in swine kidney samples (n = 1092). It was detected in 28.8% of the kidney samples at the concentrations from 0.2 to 29.2 μg/kg. The most of the samples (25.5%) contained OTA at the concentration ranging from 0.2 to 5 μg/kg, which is below the provisional action level for OTA in kidneys, established in Poland at the concentration of 5 μg/kg. Furthermore, 24 (2.2 ) samples had mycotoxin concentrations between 5 and 10 μg/kg and 13 (1.2 ) samples above 10 μg/kg.

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Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2878

Author(s):

Lucila Canton ◽

Carlos Lanusse ◽

Laura Moreno

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Treated Animal ◽

Drug Residues ◽

Rational Pharmacotherapy ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Edible Tissues

Drugs are used in veterinary medicine to prevent or treat animal diseases. When rationally administered to livestock following Good Veterinary Practices (GVP), they greatly contribute to improving the production of food of animal origin. Since humans can be exposed chronically to veterinary drugs through the diet, residues in food are evaluated for effects following chronic exposures. Parameters such as an acceptable daily intake (ADI), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the withdrawal periods (WPs) are determined for each drug used in livestock. Drug residues in food exceeding the MRLs usually appear when failing the GVP application. Different factors related either to the treated animal or to the type of drug administration, and even the type of cooking can affect the level of residues in edible tissues. Residues above the MRLs can have a diverse negative impact, mainly on the consumer’s health, and favor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Drug residue monitoring programmes are crucial to ensure that prohibited or authorized substances do not exceed MRLs. This comprehensive review article addresses different aspects of drug residues in edible tissues produced as food for human consumption and provides relevant information contributing to rational pharmacotherapy in food-producing animals.

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From designing diets for animals to designing food of animal origin – overview

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 854 (1) ◽

pp. 012056

Author(s):

R Markovic ◽

M Z Baltic ◽

S Radulovic ◽

D Peric ◽

D Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Human Life ◽

Standard Form ◽

Daily Intake ◽

The Body ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract In recent times, food is not only observed from the point of view of the required intake for growth, development and regeneration of the body, but also has a leading role in the quality of human life. Therefore, the diet focuses on optimizing the daily intake of both nutrients and non-nutritive ingredients of food, all in order to preserve health and, above all, reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Functional food can be considered food that has been scientifically proven to have a positive effect on certain body functions (in addition to the usual nutritional value) that contribute to human health and reduce the risk of disease. At the same time, it is important that the food has a standard form and that the positive effect on health is manifested by consuming the usual amount of food. The functionality of food is achieved by the presence in it of bioactive components (one or more) which have been scientifically proven to have positive effects on human health in the quantities in which they are present in food. The nutritional value of foods of animal origin depends on many factors, but certainly animal diet has the greatest impact. In human nutrition the so-called designed products of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs) are used, which are due to the specific animal diets enriched with n-3 fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids or trace elements. Today, there are nutritional strategies by which we can access functional foods for the purpose of health promotion.

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Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in layer and broiler farms in Palestine in 2018, with special emphasis on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.26757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 2723

Author(s):

S ABUSEIR ◽

M ABED AL-DAYM ◽

G ADWAN ◽

N KHRAIM

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Palestinian Territories ◽

Food Of Animal Origin

Salmonella spp. are one of a major public health concerns worldwide, as well as it is the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogen. Human illness with Salmonella spp. is often due to the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin such as eggs or their products and poultry meat. The prevalence of this pathogen in egg-laying poultry farms and in broiler farms is an important public health risk factor. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has been the major cause of foodborne salmonellosis in humans. Data on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in the Palestinian territories’ poultry flocks is lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in local layer and broiler flocks, and to find out the rate of S. Enteritidis among the isolated samples. A total of 1180 cloacal swabs were collected from several layer and broiler farms from different locations in the West Bank, Palestine. Identification of Salmonella spp. was carried out using conventional and serological methods. Molecular methods using Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for confirmation of Salmonella spp., and to detect the presence of S. Enteritidis among the isolated Salmonella spp. Results of the current study showed that, the rate of Salmonella spp. in the sample tested from layer and broiler farms was 10.7% (65/608) and 4.7% (27/572), respectively. In addition, the prevalence rate of S. Enteritidis among other Salmonella spp. was 0.0% and 14.8% for layer and broiler farms, respectively. It is highly recommended that further studies should be conducted, including high number of samples with serotyping and molecular characterization of the positive samples.

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